加快硅肥产业化步伐势在必行

加快硅肥产业化步伐势在必行陈荣峰张占仓（河南省科学院郑州，４５０００３）（河南省科学院地理研究所郑州，４５００５２）为了加快硅肥技术的推广应用，促使这一利国利民的新技术为农业发展做出应有的贡献，我院根据科技体制改革的需要，经过认真调查论证，于１９９５...

论矿业权的物权属性及法律的完善

为建立符合国际通例的矿业权物权制度,试从探讨矿业权的权利属性及其物权化的法理基础入手,分析了我国矿业权物权化的成果及其不足,提出了进一步完善我国矿业权的基本思路。

实现与企业的联合推进海洋适用技术的开发和利用

实现与企业的联合推进海洋适用技术的开发和利用于效群（国家海洋局第三海洋研究所）海洋是目前世界各国研究、开发的热门领域之一。在人类面临资源紧缺的情况下，占地球表面积７０％以上的海洋的大部分还尚未开发利用。谁最早、最好地开发这一前沿领域，谁就能得到最大的...

Scientific and Engineering Progress in CO_2 Minerali zation Using Industrial Waste and Natural Minerals

The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO_2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several lead-ing large-scale CO_2 mineralization methodologies from a techn ical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.

Informationization of coal enterprises and digital mine

Analyzed the main problems which were found in current conditions and prob- lems of informationization in coal enterprises.It clarified how to achieve informationization in coal mine and put forward a general configuration of informationization construction in which informationization in coal enterprises was divided into two parts: informationization of safety production and informationization of management.Planned a platform of inte- grated management of informationization in coal enterprises.Ultimately,it has brought forward that an overall integrated digital mine is the way to achieve the goal of informa- tionization in coal enterprises,which can promote the application of automation,digitaliza- tion,networking,informaitionization to intellectualization.At the same time,the competi- tiveness of enterprises can be improved entirely,and new type of coal industry can be supported by information technology.

A landfill based approach to surface mine design

Surface mining operations extract a large quantity of waste material,which is generally disposed into a dump area.This waste can cause a series of environmental problems ranging from landscape deterioration to acidic water generation and water pollution.Therefore,mine waste management is a significant task in mining operations.As known,in strip mining,the overburden is not transported to waste dumps but disposed directly into adjacent strip which was mined out.This concept can be adapted for mine planning of relatively horizontal deposits through a mixed integer programming(MIP)model.The main idea behind this work is that,in one pit,production voids created in early year of mining are used for waste landfilling in late years of production.In other words,in addition to external dumping,a landfilling option within the same pit is proposed for mine design optimization.The problem is formulated as maximization of the net present value(NPV)of the mining project under the constraints of access,landfill waste handling,mining and processing capacities.A case study using a data set was carried out to see the performance of the proposed approach.The findings showed that this approach could be used in waste management incorporating a landfilling option into mine planning.As a result,material handling costs decrease,and environmental compliance increases due to less external waste quantity.

Decomposition Analysis on Direct Material Input and Dematerialization of Mining Cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995–2004 and to analyze the demateri- alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro- leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco- nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min- ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources’ cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.

Analysis of Discharge Spark Energy in Buck Converter of a Continuous Mode of Inductive Current

The basic idea of intrinsically safe circuit and the discharge spark in the Buck converter in the explosive at- mospheres were introduced. The Buck converter is the main topological structure of the switch type of intrinsically safe circuit, which has two working modes: continuous inductive current (CCM — continuous conduction mode) and dis- crete inductance current (DCM — discontinuous conduction mode). The operating state of the continuous inductive current mode is analyzed in detail and the energy of discharge spark in various operating modes is discussed. The total energy will decrease with the increase of switch frequency, in a switching cycle; the discharge spark energy has a maxi- mum and a minimum value. Therefore, the Buck converter has smaller discharge spark energy than the linear power circuit and the switch type of intrinsically safe circuit can enhance the output power and the conversion efficiency of the intrinsically safe power.

Digitalization of mine operations:Scenarios to benefit in real-time truck dispatching

One of the key factors in a profitable open-pit mine is the efficiency of the waste disposal system. Using GPS-technology, the truck-dispatching decisions can be made in real-time but the chosen strategy has a crucial role. Therefore, finding the optimal dispatching strategy for truck-shovel operations is extremely important. Dispatching strategies have been reported in the literature, but the comparison of these strategies is still missing. This paper illustrates the differences between the strategies by conducting a stochastic simulation study based on the data gathered from an actual mine. The findings underline the importance of the global vision in dispatching decisions.

Assessment of fodder quality of leaves of multipurpose trees in subtropical humid climate of India

The leaves of 12 species （Acacia auriculiformis, Albizzia procera, Dalbergia sissoo, Gliricidia maculata, Leucaena leuco- cephala, Samanea saman, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus hybrida, Gmelina arborea, Michelia champaca, Morus alba, and Tectona grandis） of Multipurpose trees and shrubs （MPTs） grown in the agroforestry arboretum were evaluated for their nutritional characteristics in terms of proximate composition, cell wall constituents, total tannins, major （Ca and P） and trace minerals （Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Co）, in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility （IVDMD and IVOMD） and metabolisable energy （ME） values. There were significant （P〈0.01） variations among MPTs for all parameters studied. The average values of （92.02±0.30）%, （16.00±0.74）%, （3.05±0.13）%, （18.97±1.07）%, （54.00±1.12）% and （7.98 ± 0.30）% （DM basis） were observed for OM （organic matter）, CP （crude protein）, EE （ether extract）, CF （crude fibre）, NFE （nitrogen-free extract） and total ash, respectively. Leguminous trees had high CP compared to nonleguminous ones （18.30% vs 13.70%）. The mean values for cell wall constituents viz., NDF （neutral detergent fibre）, ADF （acid detergent fibre）, hemi cellulose, cellulose and ADL （acid detergent lignin） were found to be （52.48±1.05）%, （31.72±0.97）%, （20.76±0.88）%, （16.97±0.70）% and （9.57±0.62）%, respectively. The total tannin contents averaged （4.22±0.32）%. The ratio of Ca to P was quite wider. The levels of Fe and Mn were adequate to rich in all the MPTs while many of the tree species possessed P, Cu, Zn and Co level below the critical limits for the animals. The average IVDMD and IVOMD values were found to be （48.96±1.30）% and （50.69±1.36）%, respectively. The ME value averaged （6.95i-0.11） MJ·kg-1 DM. The CP content had significant positive correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD and ME val- ues while NDF, ADF, ADL and total tannins showed negative correlations with these three parameters. Based on the results, Leucaena Leucocephala could be considered as good quality fodder as it had the highest level of IVDMD/IVOMD （65.20%/67.66%） and ME （7.95 MJ·kg-1 DM） while G. maculata, M. alba, A. indica, D. sissoo and S. saman were of medium type and rest of poor quality.

Integral Optimization of Systematic Parameters of Flip-Flow Screens

The synthetic index K s for evaluating flip-flow screens is proposed and systematically optimized in view of the whole system. A series of optimized values of relevant parameters are found and then compared with those of the current industrial specifications. The results show that the optimized value K s approaches the one of those famous flip-flow screens in the world. Some new findings on geometric and kinematics parameters are useful for improving the flip-flow screens with a low K s value, which is helpful in developing clean coal technology.

Physico-chemical Characteristics of a Gold Mining Tailings Dam Wastewater

The study was conducted on the status of the quality of wastewater from the tailings dam of Central Africa Gold Limited in Bibiani, Ghana, to ascertain the level of contamination of the wastewater. The tailings dam stores process effluent from the gold extraction plant. Wastewater samples taken from the tailings dam were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Arsenic, iron and cyanide were identified as the major pollutants in the tailings dam wastewater with average concentrations of 4.5, 25.2 and 11.1 mg.L1, respectively. Arsenic, iron and free CN （cyanide） concentrations in the process effluent exceeded the Ghana EPA discharge limits of 0.2, 2 and 0.2 mg.Ll, respectively. High conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulphate and ammonium were found in the wastewater studied. The tailings dam serves as a natural reservoir that removes most of the total suspended solids and the turbidity, resulting in the improvement in the aesthetic appeal of the wastewater. Nonetheless, arsenic, iron and cyanide concentrations were still high and hence the wastewater cannot be discharged into the environment without prior treatment.

Treatment of mine drainage generated by lead-zinc concentration plant

The purification efficiency in the treatment of the mine drainage generated by the mineral processing industry in Mengzi,Yunnan Project, China, was investigated, and the influences of the treated drainage on the mineral electrodes' electrochemical behaviors were tested. Experiments with different doses of polyacrylamide(PAM) and polymeric ferric sulfate(PFS) at different pH values were carried out, and the advanced purification by activated carbon(AC) was conducted. Compared with PFS, the better coagulant for removal efficiency is PAM, under the optimal conditions, the removals of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and COD reduction from solution were 94.8%, 79.9%, 87.6% and 85%, respectively. In the advanced purification, the particle size of activated carbon and agitation time played important roles in the removal efficiency. Each pollute concentration could meet the emission standard of pollutants for lead and zinc industry(GB25466—2010). The wastewater without treatment affected galena and sphalerite electrochemical behaviors greatly, after treatment by the technology, the effects disappeared, which proved the reliability of the technology for wastewater treatment.

Uses of Blast Furnace Slag as Complex Fertilizer

Significant quantities of slag are generated as waste material or by-product every day from steel industries. They usually contain considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. Transforming these solid wastes from one form to another to be reused either by the same production unit or by different industrial installation is very much essential not only for conserving metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment. The sustainable development concept requires a more efficient management of waste materials and preservation of environment. The paper presents the basic characteristics of slag, analyses and it＇s modification by incorporating some essential plant nutrients and the possibility of its application as fertilizer was studied.

Effect of Agricultural Use of the Mixture Phosphogypsum/Natural Phosphate on the Dynamics of Phosphor in Soil and the Plant

The industrial production of the phosphoric acid is important and makes itself in a big number of countries. The by-product descended of this industry, residuary gypsum called phosphogypsum, poses a major environmental problem. The aim of this work is to identify and to value the potentialities of valorization of the by-product phosphogypsum produce in Morocco, for a use in the domain of agriculture. They can contain 1% to 6% of free acids. The idea is to use this acid to partially solubilize natural phosphate and to make the final product richer in phosphorus （about I0% of total P205 half soluble） and therefore more attractive on the agronomic and economic plan. For mixtures phosphogypsum/natural phosphate, a study of clarification is necessary, by varying the proportions of products, the humidities, mixing techniques, the ripening time to achieve a final interesting product. The dynamics of the phosphor in soil has been measured by the Olsen method and the one in the plant has been measured after drying in the steamroom to a temperature of 70 ~C to 75 ~C during 72 hours. A trial hold is incinerated. The ashes are taken by acid hydrochloric extract and the phosphor is measured out with the help of an UV spectrometer to 430 nm. The pH has been followed with the help of a pH-meter. The phosphor presents a remarkable dynamics in mixture with the phosphogypsum.

Fertcel Clinoptilolite Natural Product to Optimize the Fertilization and Reduce Environmental Pollution

The shortages of chemical fertilizers in Cuba in 90s caused the introduction of different research results obtained on this time for the implementation of natural zeolites in the fertilizer industry. It＇s known as the high capacity of cation exchange of the natural Cuban clinoptilolite, which contributes to reducing nutrient losses, such as ammonia, and keeping the potassium and phosphorus cations available. Extensive tests were done on the field with the objective to evaluate the agronomic effect of incorporating this mineral in fertilizer. The results obtained in this experiment contributed to almost all Cuban chemical fertilizers, which has been incorporated around 15%-20% of natural zeolite clinoptilolite in its composition by Cuban agriculture consumes, reducing the chemical carriers of the fertilizers and decreasing the contamination of the environment. Also this mineral contributes for increases in agricultural income more than 15% in all cases; additionally, a trend can be observed towards gradual recovery of some soil fertility indicators, in which the chemical fertilizers with Fertcel was applied.

Study on International Development of Financial Asset Securitization:An Example of Mining Rights

Mining right asset securitization is a market financing pattern for mineral resources, and it is a creative application of financial asset securitization. Nowadays, because of world energy price decline, the world energy market is facing weak investment and financing sharply under pressure. Under this background, this paper aims at briefly commenting on the content, processes and impact of mining right asset securitization, understanding the international mining right asset securitization specific practices, and then combining the situation of China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone so as to give advice for the development of mining right asset securitization in China. For instance, mineral mining rights and expenses system design are not clear, so the mineral values do not reflect their true costs and the need to speed up market credit system construction.

Thiamine additive engineering enables improved film formation towards high efficiency and moisture stability in perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)attract widespread research interest due to their exceptional properties.However,the instability of the perovskite layer,especially the moisture instability,and existing defects seriously restrict the performance and limit the development of PSCs towards commercialization.Herein,we fabricate moisture-stable and efficient PSCs by incorporating a thiamine(THM)additive into a lead iodide(PbI_(2))precursor using a two-step spin-coating method.This strategy enables a better interaction between the THM additive and PbI_(2).Then,a higher energy barrier is produced when the material reacts with A-site cations to form perovskite crystals,resulting in larger grains and better-quality perovskite films.Through optimization of the concentration of the THM additive,the optimal perovskite achieves improved moisture stability and decreased trap states;thus,the corresponding unencapsulated devices achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 21.40%and maintain>92%of their initial PCE after 180 h in ambient air(~50%humidity).The excellent performance is mainly attributed to the fact that THM promotes crystal growth and passivates defects in perovskite films.