加拿大地质矿业体制一瞥

加拿大地质矿业体制一瞥孙肇均（有色总公司地质勘查总局北京１０００８４）一九九四年十月，笔者有幸随国家计委地矿体制考察团访问了世界上最著名的矿业大国——加拿大。其地质矿业体制和运作方式在西方资本主义市场经济国家中富有代表性，可供我国地矿体制改革借鉴。加...

浅析我国矿权体制的演变及改革取向

本文通过对矿产资源产权制度演变的研究,发现我国矿权体制的演变动因主要是矿业活动中政府与企业双方各自利益的变化,以及相互的利益冲突,并在此基础上提出相关政策建议。

我国矿权体制改革取向及对策选择

对我国矿权体制演变及未来取向作了分析,认为我国矿权体制改革将会朝着市场化、可持续与国际化的方向发展。推进我国矿权体制改革应从明晰矿业产权,规范政府行为;放宽矿业权流转限制,建立完善的矿业权市场;革新矿产资源有偿使用制度,改矿权使用费制度为权利金制度;取消矿业权资质认证限制,实现矿业权主体多元化等方面下功夫。

合理健全我国矿权体制的几点认识

矿权体制建设已经成为经济全球化后,矿业开发建设中不可忽视的一部分。随着全球经济一体化的的发展,以及对矿产资源的勘探与开发,对现行矿权体制提出了更高的要求。文章旨在通过对我国矿权体制中现存的一些问题结合现代市场经济进行分析研究,以期对我国矿权的建设提供建设性的思路,从而更好的指导矿权市场。

中国铝矿山可持续发展战略

阐述了可持续发展的理论内涵 ,概述了我国铝土矿资源的现状 ,分析了我国铝矿山存在的问题。运用可持续发展理论 。

尾矿干堆技术的研究与应用发展现状

近年来,随着资源开采量的剧增,资源加工过程中产生的尾矿量也大幅增长。目前尾矿堆存方式还是湿式堆存为主,加之尾矿的资源化利用消耗有限,导致尾矿堆存的在安全、环保以及经济性方面的问题日益显现。在应对目前尾矿堆存所存在的问题上,尾矿干堆技术显现出较传统尾矿湿式堆存技术巨大的优势,因此受到越来越多的关注和研究。本文对尾矿干堆技术的优缺点、相关问题进行了较全面的分析,并着重概述了近年来尾矿干堆的脱水工艺以及尾矿膏体制备与输送技术的研究与应用进展,在此基础上,对尾矿干堆技术的发展提出了一些思考与建议。

探讨新形势下如何创新采油矿经营决策体系

探讨如何创新采油矿经营决策体系,优化采油矿两级经营决策体制,实行年度预算与月度预算相结合的两级预算管理,建立科学的追踪决策模式。

关于重点产煤市的建设情况

关于重点产煤市的建设情况武安市煤炭工业公司（河北武安０５６７００）１武安市重点产煤市的现状和未来１９８８年，武安市被煤炭部列为全国重点产煤县（市）后，武安市煤炭局把重点产煤市的建设作为振兴武安煤炭工业的重点来抓，委托石家计煤矿设计院全面规划，并按规划...

Study on comprehensive gas control techniques and practice in coal mines

The origins and main control methods of gas in coal seams were introduced cursorily, and the processes that need to be done in controlling gas, which includes prediction of gas emissions, drainage systems, the means of prevention of gas outbursts, and some suggestions were put forward. The characteristic of different gas emissions and the corresponding counter measures were presented, and ＆ case study of simultaneous extraction of coal and gas in Xieyi Coal Mine was carried out by coal mining and gas extraction without coal-pillar. The field application shows that gas drainage ratio in panel 5121（0） averages about 90% and reaches as high as 95~/0, which will give beneficial references to gas control in coal mines.

Investigation on the threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity for the extraction of complicated orebody under railway

The threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity is a significant process for the underground mining of complicated ore deposit under construction,road,and water.According to the equivalent principle of displacement and velocity of mass point,differential evolution is put forward based on 3DEC dynamic analysis,making the calculation more efficient and accurate.The 3DEC model of the complicated orebody under railway is established according to the topographic maps and geological data of the eastern Pyrite Mine.The stimulus-response distribution of internal stress and displacement fields are demonstrated by analyzing the on-site monitoring vibration displacement and velocity data of the mass point.The reliability of parameter selection,such as blasting simulation waveforms,rock damping,is identified.The safety vibration velocity of railway is set to 4.5 cm/s in line with the requirement of safety blasting rules.Thus,the maximum amount of single-stage explosive in this region is 44.978 kg.The simulation result is in good agreement with the on-site monitoring datum.No displacement and settlement of the 701 railway special line was achieved by choosing the critical amount of the single-stage explosive.

Preparation and Characterization of a Perovskite-type Mixed Conducting SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ Membrane for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

Dense membrane with the composition of SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ （SFCTO） was prepared by solid state reaction method. Oxygen permeation flux through this membrane was investigated at operating temperature ranging from 750℃ to 950℃ and different oxygen partial pressure. XRD measurements indicated that the compound was able to form single-phased perovskite structure in which part of Fe was replaced by Cu and Ti. The oxygen desorption and the reducibility of SFCTO powder were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and temperature programmed reduction analysis, respectively. It was found that SFCTO had good structure stability under low oxygen pressure at high temperature. The addition of Ti increased the reduction temperature of Cu and Fe. Performance tests showed that the oxygen permeation flux through a 1.5 mm thick SFCTO membrane was 0.35-0.96 ml·min ^-1·cm^-2 under air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient with activation energy of 53.2 kJ·mol^-1. The methane conversion of 85%, CO selectivity of 90% and comparatively higher oxygen permeation flux of 5 ml·min^-1·cm^- 2 were achieved at 850℃, when a SFCTO membrane reactor loaded with Ni-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst was applied for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas.

Mechanism of spatial emplacement of Shanhou gold ore body in Laixi of Shandong and its prospecting significance

Through analysis of geological characteristics of the gold deposit,the shape,occurrence,and spatial distribution of ore-controlling fault plane in the Shanhou mining area were investigated,and the regularities of enrichment and emplacement of ore body were summarized. The analysis shows that the Shanhou gold deposit was controlled by NE-NNE Zhaoping fault zone; the fault gouge developed in fault zone provides a barrier to ore-bearing hydrothermal solution,and the industrial ore body is all distributed within 40 m of footwall of main fault plane. The industrial ore body is mainly enriched in the NE positions of fault where the deep dips changed to flat dips,and shows the obvious regularity of NE lateral trending with angle around 75°. The stress analysis of fault in mineralization epoch showed that the ore-controlling structure presented the characteristics of righthanded rotation inverse-fault activity in mineralization epoch,and the host space tended to occur in NE regional tension positions where the dips become flat in the strike of fault,causing emplacement of ore body. It is thought by combining equal interval distribution of deposit with spatial variation of industrial ore body and orecontrolling fault structure that the Shanhou gold deposit recurred in regularity and the non-ore interval occurred in the ore body. Meanwhile,it is predicted that the favorable target area of prospecting lies in the areas of deep main fault plane with NE strike( > 30°) and the deep dips changing to flat dips in the Shanhou mining area,and the prospecting should be emphasized. The favorable deep mineralization prospect exists in middle Beibo mining area,where is the key area for future prospecting.

Gel fire suppressants for controlling underground heating

One of the major safety issues in coal mining is heatings and the resultant spontaneous combustion in underground coal mines. CSIRO researchers have developed a number of polymer gels suitable for controlling beatings in coal mines. These gels were developed to meet strict selection criteria including easy preparation, no or low toxicity, controllable gelation time, adaptable to mine water chemistry, adjustable viscosity, relatively long gel life, thermally and chemically stable and low cost. The HPAM-Aluminum Citrate gel system was identified to be the most favourable gel system for fire suppression in under- ground coal mines. These gels can be applied to the areas undergoing coal heating or gas leakage at a controllable gelation time and impermeable gel barriers can be formed in the areas to block ingress of air.

Study on the evaluation system for the coal safety management based on risk pre-control

The new type of risk management is process management. First, the hazardsources are identified before coal mine accidents occur, and then the pre-control measureand information monitoring method based on classifying the hidden hazard sources aregiven. Lastly, the risk pre-alarm and risk control method are confirmed, the managementstandard and management measure are used to eliminate the hidden hazard sources. Inthis study, an evaluation system is built to evaluate the result of risk management.

Performance of Ni-based, Fe-based and Co-based Oxygen Carriers in Chemical-Looping Hydrogen Generation

Ni-based, Fe-based and Co-based oxygen carriers with perovskite oxides used as the supports were prepared by citric acid complexation method, The oxygen carriers were characterized by thermal analysis, H2-temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray diffraction methods. Performance tests were evaluated through Chemical-Looping Hydrogen Genera- tion in a fixed-bed reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The characterization results showed that all samples were composed of metal oxides and perovskite oxides. Performance results indicated that CH4 conversion over the oxygen car- riers decreased in the lbllowing order： NiO/LaNiO3〉Co203/LaCoO3〉Fe203/LaFeO3. The ability of NiO/LaNiO3 and F%O3/ LaFeO3 to decompose water was stronger than that of Co203/LaCoO3 as evidenced by our experiments. H2 amounting to 80 mL upon reacting on methane in every cycle could be completely oxidized by NiO/LaNiO3 at 900℃ in the period from the third cycle to the eighth cycle.

Preparation and ζ-potential characterization of highly dispersible phosphate—functionalized magnetite nanoparticles

By the combination of high-temperature organometallic synthesis and phase transfer through complete ligand-exchange withmixed phosphate, highly water-dispersible Fe3O4nanoparticles with narrow size distribution are obtained, which show appli-cable response to magnetic field. IR and -potential characterization of this system provides insights into ligand structures onparticle surface.

Directing nucleation and growth kinetics in solution-processed hybrid perovskite thin-films

A heightened understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms is paramount if effective solution processing of organic-inorganic perovskite thin-films for optoelectronic applications is to be achieved. Many fabri- cation techniques have been utilized previously to develop high-performance perovskite layers but there remains an absence of a unifying model that describes accurately the formation of these materials from solution. The present study provides a thorough analysis of nucleation and growth kinetics underpinning the development of hybrid organic-in- organic perovskite thin-films. Through precise control of the perovskite growth conditions the spacing of heteroge- neous nucleation sites was varied successfully from several hundred nanometers to several hundred microns. The crystalline regions surrounding these nuclei were found to comprise clusters of highly-oriented crystal domains exceed- ing 100 pm in diameter. However, no beneficial correlation was found between the size of these well-oriented grain-clus- ters and the optoelectronic performance. The formation of the perovskite microstructure features characteristics of both classical and non-classical growth mechanisms. The insights into perovskite thin-film growth developed by the present study provide clear implications for the development of future hybrid perovskite microstructures.

A novel purification technique for noble gas isotope analyses of authigenic minerals

Noble and active gases are released from geological samples during gas extraction for noble gas isotope analyses. The active gases should be removed before inletting to mass spectrometers for the analyses. The normal noble gas preparation systems can clean up most geological samples. However, authigenic minerals from sedimentary rocks in oil/gas fields contain organic matter, which cannot be cleaned up by the normal preparation systems and thus influence the noble gas analyses. We introduce a novel gas purification system （PRC patent No. ZL201320117751.2）, which includes several reversible purification pumps with different absorbing and degassing temperatures. It can well clean up water steam, carbon dioxide and organic gas- es. Mica minerals are often used for 40Ar/39Ar dating. A muscovite sample （2082MS） which could not be cleaned up by the normal preparation system with two SAES NP10 getters, becomes the test sample for a comparative experiment in this study. The experiment is assigned into 4 sections with the organic gas removal system （OGRS） ＂Closed/Opened＂ in turn. When the OGRS is closed only with two NP10 getters for purification, the 40At intensities increase in curves with inlet time because of impurities, the 40Ar/39Ar dating results yield age errors about ＋2%-±1% （20-）. When the OGRS is opened for purification, in contrast, the 40Ar intensities decrease linearly with inlet time. This indicates that the gases have been cleaned up effectively, and the 40Ar/39Ar results yield ages with errors in ±0.4%. The OGRS is very helpful to obtain high-quality analysis data.

Control of organic–inorganic halide perovskites in solid-state solar cells: a perspective

Since the year of 2009 when the first appli- cation of organohalide lead perovskite as the light har- vester in solar cells was reported, tremendous attention has been devoted to these new types of perovskite-based solid-state solar cells and remarkable power conversion efficiency of over 20 % has been achieved to date. In this review, we first introduce the properties of organic- inorganic halide perovskites and then focus on the notable achievements made on the perovskite layer to improve the power conversion efficiency of solid-state perovskite solar cells, which is featured by process engineering of the state-of-the-art lead methylammoni- um triiodide perovskite and material control of lead triiodide perovskites and other newly emerged per- ovskites. In the end, we wish to provide an outlook of the future development in solid-state perovskite solar cells. Provided that the instability and toxicity of solid- state perovskite solar cells can be solved, we will wit- ness a new era for cost-effective and efficient solar cells.