左旋聚乳酸-聚己内酯-醋酸纤维素三维微-纳米复合纤维多孔支架材料的制备与生物矿化活性

3D纳米纤维多孔支架作为骨组织工程支架材料具有很好的发展前景。在无其它任何添加剂条件下,通过低温相分离方法制备了左旋聚乳酸-聚己内酯-醋酸纤维素(PCL-CA-PLLA)三维微-纳米复合纤维多孔支架材料。采用SEM分析聚合物比例、淬火时间、聚合物浓度和淬火温度等条件对纤维支架材料形貌影响。PCLCA-PLLA(1∶1∶8)的直径为(276±121)nm,该直径与细胞外基质的尺寸大小(50~500 nm)相当,孔隙率和比表面积分别为95.12%和54.18 m^(2)/g。说明PCL-CA-PLLA三维微-纳米复合纤维多孔支架材料为高孔隙率和大比表面积的三维多孔材料。与纯PLLA纤维支架材料相比,PCL-CA-PLLA三维微-纳米复合纤维多孔支架材料的机械强度有所提高,亲水性有所改善。PCL-CA-PLLA三维微-纳米复合纤维有望成为理想的组织工程支架材料。

零价铁自养反硝化过程活性污泥矿化及解决措施

本研究通过接种生活污水处理厂活性污泥,在升流式厌氧反应器内启动了零价铁还原硝酸盐的反应,经过52d的运行后实现氮去除速率29.3 g·(m^3·d)^(-1).针对运行过程中形成的三价铁及铁氧化物对污泥的包裹,致使污泥矿化,导致活性降低的问题,进行了流加污泥和改变回流两种防矿化方式的可行性研究.采用流加方式,经过22 d运行,硝酸盐氮转化速率在33.0 g·(m^3·d)^(-1)左右,出水亚硝酸盐氮平均浓度16.50 mg·L^(-1),此两者和矿化时期相比均无较大变化,而出水氨氮平均浓度从12.38 mg·L^(-1)下降到3.58 mg·L^(-1),氮去除速率从9.9 g·(m^3·d)^(-1)恢复至15.0 g·(m^3·d)^(-1),生物反应减弱了化学还原硝酸盐过程;采用改变回流方式,反应柱外部设置回流池,利用回流池上部水进行水力循环和上升冲刷,将生成的三价铁及铁氧化物随出水流出并沉积在外部回流池内,在上升流速3.49 m·h-1的条件下,转化硝酸盐对应生成的三价铁量有大约58%通过回流沉淀在外部回流池内,硝酸盐氮反应速率在34.3 g·(m^3·d)^(-1),出水亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮浓度分别为0.22 mg·L^(-1)、0.75mg·L^(-1),未出现氨和亚硝酸盐的大量积累,实现氮去除速率在33.4 g·(m^3·d)^(-1),实现了长期运行中污泥矿化问题的解决.对比两种方式,从处理效果看改变回流模式处理污泥矿化问题优于污泥流加方式.

奥普尔在冬小麦上的应用效果研究

对冬小麦施用奥普尔液肥进行试验,结果表明:奥普尔(OPAL) 能促进小麦的生长发育,增加分蘖和干物质积累。返青期施用奥普尔可增强小麦抗倒伏能力;灌浆期施用奥普尔可促进小麦籽粒灌浆,提高穗粒数,增加穗粒重。不同奥普尔施用方法均有一定的增产作用,增产幅度2-85% ～17 .29 % 。奥普尔在播前土施待返青期和灌浆期喷施效果最好,与对照相比每公倾增产833 .0 kg,增收784 .5 元。

Soil Carbon Pool Management Index under Different Straw Retention Regimes

[Objective] To clarify the effects of different straw retention regimes on soil fertility in double cropping paddy field. [Method] The effects of different straw reten- tion regimes on total organic carbon （CToc）, active carbon （CA） and mineralized carbon （CM） were analyzed, and carbon pool active （A）, carbon pool active index （A/）, carbon pool index （CPI） and carbon pool management index （CPMi） for each treat- ment were calculated. [Result] Compared with the unfertilized treatment （CK）, CToc, CA, CM and the available ratio of soil carbon were increased in the treatment of re- turning early season and late season rice straws to field. With the same nutrient application, CToc, CA and the available ratio of soil carbon in the field with straw re- turned to field were higher than that of straw incineration and no straw returning, and the change in soil CA content was more significant. The difference in CPMI be- tween different treatments reached significant or very significant level, and the value was in the order of straw directly returned to field 〉 straw returned to field after in- cineration 〉 no straw returned to field. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical bases for the increase of soil CA content and soil fertility in double rice fields.

Reactivities of Shenfu Chars Toward Gasification with Carbon Dioxide

Five Shenfu char samples were prepared from Shenfu raw coal at different temperatures （950, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400℃） using a muffle furnace. Demineralization of the char samples was performed by treating them with 10% nitric acid for 10 min in a CEM Discover microwave reactor. The gasification of the chars, and corresponding demineralized chars, in a carbon dioxide （CO2） atmosphere was conducted in a Netzsch STA 409Cl31F tempera- ture-programmed thermogravimetry apparatus. The effects of charring temperature and demineralization on the gasification reactivity of chars were systematically investigated. The results show that a char formed at a lower temperature is more reactive except for demineralized char formed at 1100℃, which is less reactive than char formed at 1200℃. Demineralization decreases the char reactivities toward gasification with CO2 to a small extent.

Effect of Combined Heavy Metal Pollution on Nitrogen Mineralization Potential,Urease and Phosphatase Activities in a Typic Udic Ferrisol

Individual and combined effects of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd on N mineralization, urease and phosphatase were examined in a Typic Udic Ferrisol in laboratory by employing an uniform design and a single factor design.Soil pollution caused by heavy metals inhibited N mineralization (No value) and urease and phosphatase activities. The combined pollution of metals alleviated their toxicity to N mineralization to some extent,whereas aggravated the toxicity to urease and phosphatase. Phosphorous application could mitigate the toxic effect of heavy metals on phosphatase activities, while alleviating effect of N application on the toxicity of heavy metals to urease was inconsistent. However, the mitigating effect of the fertilizers was limited in heavily polluted soils.

Kinetic study on carbothermic reduction of ilmenite with activated carbon

The carbothermic reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite with various additions of activated carbon was investigated byisothermal experiments over the temperature range of1373to1773K in the argon atmosphere.According to the reaction kineticsrecorded by the infrared gas analyzer,it was found that the amount of carbon addition had little influence on the reaction rates atvarious temperatures except1473K.When the reaction temperature was above the eutectic temperature of1427K of Fe?C binarysystem,part of carbon would dissolve into Fe to form a liquid phase,which made the liquid Fe as a diffusion channel of carbon todiffuse to the reaction interface.The carbothermic reduction above1573K obeyed the shrinking-core model.The mass fraction ofTiC could be determined by the standard addition technique.

Relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleaching by mixed thermophilic Archaea culture at 65°C

The relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleachingby mixed thermophilic Archaea culture(Acidianus brierleyi,Metallosphaera sedula,Acidianus manzaensis and Sulfolobusmetallicus)at65°C was studied.Leaching experiments showed that the addition of activated carbon could significantly promote thedissolution of chalcopyrite for both bioleaching and chemical leaching.The results of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction,ironL-edge and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy indicated that activated carbon could change thetransition path of electrons through galvanic interactions to form more readily dissolved secondary mineral chalcocite at a low redoxpotential(?400mV)and then enhanced the copper dissolution.Jarosite accumulated immediately in the initial stage of bioleachingwith activated carbon but copper dissolution was not hindered.However,much jarosite precipitated on the surface of chalcopyrite inthe late stage of bioleaching,which might account for the decrease of copper dissolution rate.More elemental sulfur(S0)was alsodetected with additional activated carbon but the mixed thermophilic Archaea culture had a great sulfur oxidation activity,thus S0waseliminated and seemed to have no significant influence on the dissolution of chalcopyrite.

Research on Dynamics Design for Active Sludge System

In order to describe the relationship between dynamic process and sludge removing load in active sludge system, a new method for designing the volume of aeration tanks was put forward based on the Michaelis and Menten equation. the influence of sludge returning was considered in the design. The result shows that the parameter of sludge reflux ratio plays a very important role in the design of active sludge system. In some given conditions,there exists an optimum reflux ratio which can make the volume of aeration tank be the minimum.

Effect of vacancy defects on electronic properties and activation of sphalerite(110) surface by first-principles

The electronic properties of sphalerite(110) surface with Zn-vacancy and S-vacancy were calculated by using density-functional theory,and the effects of vacancy defect on the copper activation of sphalerite were investigated.The calculated results indicate that surface state occurs in the band gap of Zn-vacancy sphalerite,which is from the contribution of S 3p orbital at the first layer of the surface.The presence of S-vacancy results in surface state appearing near the Fermi level and the bottom of conductor band,which are composed of S 3p and Zn 4s orbital,respectively.The surface structure of Zn-vacancy sphalerite is more stable than S-vacancy surface due to the occupation of Zn-vacancy by Cu atoms;hence,the substitution reaction of Cu for Zn vacancy is easier than the substitution of Cu for Zn atoms with S-vacancy surface.

Effects of mechanical activation on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation tailings

The effects of mechanical activation in a planetary mill on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation railings generated by wet magnetic separation process were studied using X-ray and laser diffraction methods. The results revealed the relationship between variations in the mean particle size of activated powders and the milling time. The crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters and unit cell volumes were determined for different milling times in powder samples of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite from the beneficiation tailings. The main trends in the variation of the crystallite size of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite as a function mean particle size of powder samples were revealed. Changes in the particle shape as a function of the activation time was also investigated.

ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER FABRIC IN CYANIDE LEACHING LIQUOR OF GOLD ORES

Adsorption capacity of ACFF in cyanide leaching liquor of gold ores was studied with cyanide leaching liquor of gold ores, containing various kinds of ions. The adsorbed leaching liquor was analyzed by atomic emission spectroscopy and colorimetric method. The contents of various kinds of ions in ACFF were determined with X-ray photoctron spectroscopy. ACFF not only adsorbed gold but also adsorbed arsenic, nickel, zinc, calcium, sulphur, bismuth, copper, iron, silver and cyanide anion. Atomic percentage of C and those of O, N, Zn, Fe increase and decrease respectively with the increase of the layer depth, while those of Ca, Au, Ag keep constant.

多糖基纳米复合支架的仿生构建及性能研究

以多糖(ChS/CSA/HYA)为有机模板,可溶性钙/磷酸盐为nHAP前驱体,采用仿生合成和冷冻干燥技术构建纳米(nHAP)-微米(微米级孔径)-宏观(支架)多级结构的ChS/CSA/HYA/nHAP纳米复合支架,并探究其性能。结果表明:支架具有相互连通的多孔结构,孔径大小为45~156μm,孔隙率为(93.78±1.56)%;原位形成的弱结晶nHAP赋予支架良好的矿化活性;支架的抗压强度为(0.126±0.073)MPa,弹性模量为(0.682±0.045)MPa,可基本满足非负重部位骨缺损修复要求。MTT检测结果显示支架对细胞增殖基本无抑制作用,相对安全无毒。

韭菜施用奉天丰泽有机肥及奉天丰泽液增产增收

奉天丰泽绿色有机肥和高浓度矿化活性机能水--奉天丰泽液(LIBU产品)是由沈阳丰泽限元水研发有限公司和沈阳丰泽丸井绿色有机肥有限责任公司研究并生产的新型肥料.为了验证其具有提高植物的免疫力和抗逆性、提高农作物产量、改善农产品品质、改善环境、平衡养分,改良土壤、增强地力等方面的作用,2003年我们在韭菜上做了试验,取得明显效果.

奉天丰泽液

奉天丰泽液是中日合资沈阳丰泽隈．元水研发有限公司生产的一种高浓缩矿化活性机能水。这种水是日本著名发明家隈元幸信先生发明的一种微生物活性培养液，无毒、无副作用、无残留、无二次污染的高科技产品。经在种植业、养殖业、水产业、环保产业等多个领域推广使用，取得十分显著的效果。奉天丰泽液的功能特点和使用方法介绍如下。

Maximizing the visible light photoelectrochemical activity of B/N-doped anatase TiO_2 microspheres with exposed dominant {001} facets

Anatase TiO2 microspheres with exposed dominant {001} facets were doped with interstitial boron to have a concentration gradient with the maximum concentration at the surface. They were then further doped with substitutional nitrogen by heating in an ammonia atmosphere at different temperatures from 440 to 560℃ to give surface N concentrations ranging from 7.03 to 15.47 at%. The optical absorption, atomic and electronic structures and visible-light photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity of these materials were investigated. The maximum activity of the doped TiO2 was achieved at a nitrogen doping temperature of 520℃ that gave a high absorbance over the whole visible light region but with no defect-related background absorption.

Structure-dependent electrocatalytic activity of La_(1-x)SrxMnO_3 for oxygen reduction reaction

The electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction is studied on the perovskite oxide La~_xbrxMnt）3, as preparea under different firing temperatures. X-ray diffraction shows that three different crystal phases featuring tetragonal, cubic, and orthorhombic symmetries form with increasing crystallinities. The electrocatalytic activity is characterized by cyclic voltam- metry and linear sweeping voltammetry for the three phases of La1-xSrxMnO3. We find that the tetragonal phase has the best catalytic activity among the three crystal phases, with the largest onset potential of 0.147 V. The synergistic effect between the volume per unit cell and crystallinity is indicated to account for the good catalytic activity of the tetragonal phase.

Can Biochar Protect Labile Organic Matter Against Mineralization in Soil?

Biochar could help to stabilize soil organic （SOM） matter, thus sequestering carbon （C） into the soil. The aim of this work was to determine an easy method i） to estimate the effects of the addition of biochar and nutrients on the organic matter （SOM） mineralization in an artificial soil, proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）, amended with glucose and ii） to measure the amount of labile organic matter （glucose） that can be sorbed and thus be partially protected in the same soil, amended or not amended with biochar. A factorial experiment was designed to check the effects of three single factors （biochar, nutrients, and glucose） and their interactions on whole SOM mineralization. Soil samples were inoculated with a microbial inoculum and preincubated to ensure that their biological activities were not limited by a small amount of microbial biomass, and then they were incubated in the dark at 21 ~C for 619 d. Periodical measurements of C mineralized to carbon dioxide （CO2） were carried out throughout the 619-d incubation to allow the mineralization of both active and slow organic matter pools. The amount of sorbed glucose was calculated as the difference between the total and remaining amounts of glucose added in a soil extract. Two different models, the Freundlich and Langmuir models, were selected to assess the equilibrium isotherms of glucose sorption. The CO2-C release strongly depended on the presence of nutrients only when no biochar was added to the soil. The mineralization of organic matter in the soil amended with both biochar and glucose was equal to the sum of the mineralization of the two C sources separately. Furthermore, a significant amount of glucose can be sorbed on the biochar-amended soil, suggesting the involvement of physico-chemical mechanisms in labile organic matter protection.

Antioxidative Responses and Metal Accumulation in Invasive Plant Species Growing on Mine Tailings in Zanjan, Iran

Tailings of a Pb and Zn mine as a metal-contaminated area （Zone 1） with two pioneer plant species, Peganum harmala and Zygophyllum fabago, were investigated and compared with a non-contaminated area （Zone 2） in the vicinity. Total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cu in the soil of Zone 1 were 1 416, 2 217, and 426 mg kg-1, respectively, and all exceeded their ranges in the normal soils. The soil pH was in the neutral range and most of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils from both zones were almost similar. The species Z. fabago accumulated higher Cu and Zn in its aerial part and roots than the normal plants. On the other hand, their concentrations did not reach the criteria that the species could be considered as a metal hyperaccumulator. The species P. harmala did not absorb metals in its roots; accordingly, the accumulation factor values of these metals were lower than 1. The contents of chlorophyll, biomass, malondialdehyde, and dityrosine in these two species did not vary significantly between the two zones studied. In Zone 1, leaf vacuoles of Z. fabago stored 35.6% and 43.2% of the total leaf Cu and Zn, respectively. However, in this species, the levels of phytochelatins （PCs） and glutathione （GSH） and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in Zone 1 than in Zone 2. In conclusion, metal exclusion in P. harmala and metal accumulation in Z. fabago were the basic strategies in the two studied pioneer species growing on the metal-contaminated zone. In response to metal stress, elevation in antioxidant enzyme activities, increases in the PCs and GSH levels in the aerial parts, and metal storage within vacuoles counteracted each other in the invasion mechanism of Z. ]abago.