The formation and evolution of secondary minerals during bioleaching of chalcopyrite by thermoacidophilic Archaea Acidianus manzaensis were analyzed by combining synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction（SR-XRD） and S...The formation and evolution of secondary minerals during bioleaching of chalcopyrite by thermoacidophilic Archaea Acidianus manzaensis were analyzed by combining synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction（SR-XRD） and S, Fe and Cu Kα X-ray absorption near edge structure（XANES） spectroscopy. Leaching experiment showed that 82.4% of Cu2＋ was dissolved by A. manzaensis after 10 d. The surface of chalcopyrite was corroded apparently and covered with leaching products. During bioleaching, the formation and evolution of secondary minerals were as follows： 1） little elemental sulfur, jarosite, bornite and chalcocite were found at days 2 and 4; and 2） bornite and chalcocite disappeared, covellite formed, and jarosite gradually became the main component at days 6 and 10. These results indicated that metal-deficiency sulfides chalcocite and bornite were first formed with a low redox potential value（360-461 m V）, and then gradually transformed to covellite with a high redox potential value（461-531 m V）.展开更多
通过X射线衍射图谱分析结合灰熔融性测定,研究了准东煤燃烧过程中的矿物质赋存形态变化及添加NH4H2PO4对准东煤灰分特征和灰熔融特性的影响。试验结果表明,空气气氛下,随着准东煤燃烧温度从800℃升高至1100℃,灰中钠长石、钙铁辉石和蓝...通过X射线衍射图谱分析结合灰熔融性测定,研究了准东煤燃烧过程中的矿物质赋存形态变化及添加NH4H2PO4对准东煤灰分特征和灰熔融特性的影响。试验结果表明,空气气氛下,随着准东煤燃烧温度从800℃升高至1100℃,灰中钠长石、钙铁辉石和蓝方石等熔点较低且熔融性较强矿物质含量升高,灰中主要矿物质皆为助熔性矿物质。煤中添加比例PO4^（3-）/Na≥0.5、温度800℃以上,混煤灰中生成新的Ca（2.71）Mg（0.29）（PO4）2、 Al PO4、 Ca3（PO4）2、Ca9Fe（PO4）7、Ca9Al（PO4）7、Ca2P2O7和Mg2P2O7等高熔点物质。当PO4^（3-）/Na〉 1时,混煤灰熔融性温度明显升高,软化温度由1144℃增加至1418℃（PO4^（3-）/Na=4）,煤改善为中等结渣倾向。可见添加NH4H2PO4能够有效抑制低熔点、助熔性含钠矿物生成,促进高熔点物质形成,提高灰熔融特性温度。展开更多
To understand the provenance and evolution of eolian input in the last 1.95 Ma in the Parece Vela Basin in the eastern Philippine Sea, the clay mineral assemblage of a gravity core PV090510 from the basin was investig...To understand the provenance and evolution of eolian input in the last 1.95 Ma in the Parece Vela Basin in the eastern Philippine Sea, the clay mineral assemblage of a gravity core PV090510 from the basin was investigated using paleogeomagnetic dating and X-ray diffraction. The assemblage of the core mainly consisted of smectite （-46%） and illite （-40%）, with some chlorite （-10%） and kaolinite （-4%）. Analysis of the provenance of these minerals suggested that smectite was mainly derived from volcanic rocks of the Mariana Arc, while illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were mainly transported as eolian dust by the East Asian monsoon from central Asia. We used the ratio of （illite＋chlorite＋kaolinite）/smectite as a proxy for Asian eolian input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma. This ratio followed glacial and interglacial cycles and was consistent with the intensity of the East Asian monsoon and aridity of central Asia since 1.95 Ma. The changes of the ratio reflected three different stages of the East Asian monsoon and provenance climate.展开更多
基金Project(U1232103)supported by the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Large Scientific Facility Foundation of Chinese Academy of SciencesProject(51274257)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(CX2014B092)supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate,ChinaProject(VR-12419)supported by Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Public User Program,ChinaProjects(13SRBL15U13024,13SRBL14B13023)supported by the Open Funds of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,China
文摘The formation and evolution of secondary minerals during bioleaching of chalcopyrite by thermoacidophilic Archaea Acidianus manzaensis were analyzed by combining synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction（SR-XRD） and S, Fe and Cu Kα X-ray absorption near edge structure（XANES） spectroscopy. Leaching experiment showed that 82.4% of Cu2＋ was dissolved by A. manzaensis after 10 d. The surface of chalcopyrite was corroded apparently and covered with leaching products. During bioleaching, the formation and evolution of secondary minerals were as follows： 1） little elemental sulfur, jarosite, bornite and chalcocite were found at days 2 and 4; and 2） bornite and chalcocite disappeared, covellite formed, and jarosite gradually became the main component at days 6 and 10. These results indicated that metal-deficiency sulfides chalcocite and bornite were first formed with a low redox potential value（360-461 m V）, and then gradually transformed to covellite with a high redox potential value（461-531 m V）.
文摘通过X射线衍射图谱分析结合灰熔融性测定,研究了准东煤燃烧过程中的矿物质赋存形态变化及添加NH4H2PO4对准东煤灰分特征和灰熔融特性的影响。试验结果表明,空气气氛下,随着准东煤燃烧温度从800℃升高至1100℃,灰中钠长石、钙铁辉石和蓝方石等熔点较低且熔融性较强矿物质含量升高,灰中主要矿物质皆为助熔性矿物质。煤中添加比例PO4^（3-）/Na≥0.5、温度800℃以上,混煤灰中生成新的Ca（2.71）Mg（0.29）（PO4）2、 Al PO4、 Ca3（PO4）2、Ca9Fe（PO4）7、Ca9Al（PO4）7、Ca2P2O7和Mg2P2O7等高熔点物质。当PO4^（3-）/Na〉 1时,混煤灰熔融性温度明显升高,软化温度由1144℃增加至1418℃（PO4^（3-）/Na=4）,煤改善为中等结渣倾向。可见添加NH4H2PO4能够有效抑制低熔点、助熔性含钠矿物生成,促进高熔点物质形成,提高灰熔融特性温度。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2007CB411703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40976026)
文摘To understand the provenance and evolution of eolian input in the last 1.95 Ma in the Parece Vela Basin in the eastern Philippine Sea, the clay mineral assemblage of a gravity core PV090510 from the basin was investigated using paleogeomagnetic dating and X-ray diffraction. The assemblage of the core mainly consisted of smectite （-46%） and illite （-40%）, with some chlorite （-10%） and kaolinite （-4%）. Analysis of the provenance of these minerals suggested that smectite was mainly derived from volcanic rocks of the Mariana Arc, while illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were mainly transported as eolian dust by the East Asian monsoon from central Asia. We used the ratio of （illite＋chlorite＋kaolinite）/smectite as a proxy for Asian eolian input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma. This ratio followed glacial and interglacial cycles and was consistent with the intensity of the East Asian monsoon and aridity of central Asia since 1.95 Ma. The changes of the ratio reflected three different stages of the East Asian monsoon and provenance climate.
