云南思茅地区铜锌硫化矿工艺矿物学分析

云南思茅地区有大量难选铜锌多金属硫化矿资源,由于其矿石结构、成分及构造复杂,采用传统的镜下鉴定工艺矿物学分析对铜、锌等有价金属的赋存状态等难以自动准确定量。本文采用化学分析、偏光显微分析及矿物解离度分析(MLA)等多种现代分析测试方法,研究该地区矿石的主要元素组成、矿物种类、嵌布和包裹特性等。分析表明,铜锌硫化矿的主要元素及含量为Cu 3.03%、Zn 3.90%、S 27.44%、Pb 0.13%。金属矿物主要是黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿,含少量方铅矿;目的矿物黄铜矿、闪锌矿主要与黄铁矿连生和被其包裹;其次黄铜矿和闪锌矿相互连生和被其包裹,且96%以上的黄铜矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿均分布在粒度大于9.6μm的易选粒级范围。方铅矿多呈细粒嵌布状,与铜、锌、硫矿物之间的磨矿解离有一定困难。根据工艺矿物学研究结果,本文提出,思茅地区的铜锌硫化矿矿石需磨至约31μm方能实现铜-锌-硫矿物的解离,需磨至约14μm方能实现铅与其他矿物的解离,同时预测了铜锌硫化矿中铜和锌的理论选矿回收率分别为91.22%和84.92%。本文研究成果对该地区难选多金属硫化矿的选矿技术制定和指标选择具有实际的指导意义。

云南迪庆铜铅锌硫化矿的工艺矿物学研究

云南迪庆有大量铜铅锌硫化矿资源,查明其工艺矿物学特性对该类资源的高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文利用矿物解离分析技术(MLA)及化学分析等方法对该矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学分析,包括化学组成、矿物组成、嵌布粒度、连生及包裹关系及理论选矿指标预测。结果表明,云南迪庆铜铅锌硫化矿有价矿物嵌布粒度细,解离性差,嵌布不均匀,建议细磨提高矿物单体解离度是提高铜、铅、锌选矿回收率的一个重要参考方向。

提高云南某铜矿山铜精矿银含量试验研究

云南某铜矿山除主要金属铜、铁以外,还伴生有少量金和银,生产中铜精矿含金已达到计价标准,但银未达到计价标准。试验研究的目的是:应用高精度矿物解离分析(MLA)技术对现有的银回收工艺流程及工艺参数进行优化,采用回收银高效浮选药剂等一系列的技术措施,在不降低铜指标的基础上将铜精矿产品中的银含量富集并提高至计价要求的20g/t以上。

Characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide(gossan type) bearing refractory gold and silver ore by diagnostic leaching

A detailed characterization of an iron oxy/hydroxide(gossan type) bearing refractory gold/silver ore was performed with a new diagnostic approach for the development of a pretreatment process prior to cyanide leaching. Gold was observed to be present as native and electrum(6-24 μm in size) and associated with limonite, goethite and lepidocrocite within calcite and quartz matrix. Mineral liberation analysis(MLA) showed that electrum is found as free grains and in association with beudantite, limonite/goethite and quartz. Silver was mainly present as acanthite(Ag2S) and electrum and as inclusions within beudantite phase in the ore. The cyanide leaching tests showed that the extractions of gold and silver from the ore(d80: 50 μm) were limited to 76% and 23%, respectively, over a leaching period of 24 h. Diagnostic leaching tests coupled with the detailed mineralogical analysis of the ore suggest that the refractory gold and silver are mainly associated within iron oxide mineral phases such as limonite/goethite and jarosite-beudantite, which can be decomposed in alkaline solutions. Based on these characterizations, alkaline pretreatment of ore in potassium hydroxide solution was performed prior to cyanidation, which improved significantly the extraction of silver and gold up to 87% Ag and 90% Au. These findings suggest that alkaline leaching can be used as a new diagnostic approach to characterize the refractoriness of iron oxy/hydroxide bearing gold/silver ore and as a pretreatment method to overcome the refractoriness.

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰矿物学特性及重金属分布

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的矿物学特性是飞灰中重金属赋存环境的直观反映,与重金属在处置环境中的释放和迁移行为密切相关.为掌握重金属在生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中的分布规律,结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜等常规矿物学研究工具及矿物解离分析系统对飞灰的矿物学宏观属性和微观属性进行全面测试.结果表明,飞灰是由矿物相和非矿物相组成,两者之间紧密连生,主要矿物相包括氯盐和方解石、氢氧钙石等多种含钙矿物.重金属元素在飞灰中主要以3种形式存在:均匀分布在无定形的非矿物组分中,以同晶置换赋存在方解石等矿物中以及吸附在特殊矿物如石英、赤铁矿等表面.难挥发性重金属Cu和Cr绝大部分分布在非矿物相中;半挥发性重金属Zn和Cd各有43.92%和60.61%的含量分布在矿物相中,其中,方解石对Cd、赤铁矿对Cr及硅酸盐对Zn存在较强的富集作用.