氮、硫、氧化合物对矿物质油氧化安定性的影响

本文采用在稳定的矿物质油(MOD40)基础上添加含氮、硫、氧等元素的化合物的方法考察此类杂元素在不同含量时对油品氧化安定性的影响,文中主要使用的氧化安定性测试方法为喷射蒸发法和诱导期法。

油封M2与M16培养液及二甲基亚砜对小鼠双线期阻滞释放期间卵母细胞的影响

目的探讨矿物油封闭(油封) M2液滴培养与传统M16液滴培养以及二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对双线期阻滞释放期间(即第一次减数分裂的恢复)小鼠卵母细胞形态及生存率的影响。方法提取卵母细胞,随机分成3组,分别在30μL油封M2液滴、油封过夜M16液滴和M16液滴中培养4 h至胚泡破裂期,镜下观察每组卵母细胞的形态改变及生存率。将卵母细胞随机分成3组,分别在0%(对照组)、1%、2%DMSO中培养4 h,观察不同浓度DMSO在双线期阻滞释放期间对卵母细胞的影响。结果与M16相比,油封M2培养的卵母细胞生存率更高(P <0.05),细胞形态结构更完好,对卵母细胞双线期阻滞释放的影响无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。对照组、1%、2%DMSO组卵母细胞存活率无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。2%DMSO对卵母细胞的双线期阻滞释放具有促进作用,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。结论在小鼠卵母细胞双线期阻滞释放期间,油封M2培养卵母细胞较M16生存率更高、形态更好。0%、1%和2%DMSO对卵母细胞的存活率无影响,而2%DMSO能更有效地促进卵母细胞双线期阻滞的释放。

某车型冷却回路出现悬浮物问题的探究

针对某客车冷却回路中冷却液出现悬浮物问题进行了分析,出现悬浮物的原因是在压装电机密封圈时,人工使用矿物质油润滑不当而导致油液在电机水道中残留,与冷却液反应后产生悬浮物。提出了利用硅油替代矿物质油进行润滑,通过试验验证表明,硅油与冷却液的相容性较好,有效避免了冷却液悬浮物的产生,提高了整车的品质。

Effects of Reservoir Minerals and Chemical Agents on Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil during Steam Injection

In order to effectively reduce the viscosity of heavy oil during steam injection, a catalyst system, consisting of reservoir minerals, nickel sulfate, and formic acid, was used to exert catalytic effect on aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil extracted from the Liaohe oilfield. Experimental results indicated that all the reservoir minerals used in the experiment had catalytic effect on aquathermolysis and the oil viscosity reduction rate ranged from 24% to 36% after the aquathermolysis reaction. If nickel sulfate was used as the catalyst and added to the reaction system, the oil viscosity reduction rate could reach 50%. If formic acid was used as the hydrogen donor, the oil viscosity reduction rate could increase further, and could reach up to 71.8%. The aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil under steam injection condition was affected by the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the dosage of minerals, the catalyst concentration, and the hydrogen donor. The experimental results showed that minerals, catalyst and hydrogen donor could work together to enhance aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil in the presence of the high-temperature water vapor.

Effect of Oleic Acid Tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate Phosphate Ester on Biodegradability and Tribological Performance of Mineral Lubricating Oil

The oil solubility of synthetic oleic acid tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester(abbreviated as OHTP hereinafter) and its influence on the biodegradability and tribological performance of 400 SN mineral oil were investigated on a tester and a four-ball tribotester,respectively,for fast evaluating the biodegradability of lubricants.Furthermore,the morphologies and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces lubricated by OHTP-doped oil were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS).The results indicated that OHTP possessed good oil solubility and could improve obviously the biodegradability,the extreme pressure properties,the anti-wear properties and friction-reducing properties of the 400 SN mineral oil.The analytical results of XPS spectra showed that the composite boundary lubrication films were mainly composed of absorbed films and tribochemical species such as FePO-4,Fe_3(PO_4)_2,Fe_2O_3 and Fe_3O_4,which contributed to improving the tribological performances.

Tribological evaluation of refined,bleached and deodorized palm stearin using four-ball tribotester with different normal loads

The effects of the mechanical factors with applied loads on the tribological performance of refined,bleached and deodorised(RBD) palm stearin(PS) were studied using a four-ball tribotester.All the RBD PS results were simultaneously compared with the additive-free paraffinic mineral oil(PMO).The experiments were carried out using different loads with a constant speed in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanical processes that occurred during the experiment.For each experiment,the temperature was increased to 75 °C and was run for 1 h.In a mechanical system,lubricant plays an important role in reducing wear and friction.PS exists as a semi-solid at room temperature after the fractionation process from oil palm.Due to the increasing rate of pollution to the environment,vegetable oil was chosen as the test lubricant with regard to its biodegradability.Other advantages of vegetable oil are that it is more easily harvestable and non-toxic compared to petroleum-based oil,which made it a suitable candidate.From the experiment,RBD PS is found to have a better friction constraint reduction compared with additive-free PMO.

Zeolite diagenesis and its control on petroleum reservoir quality of Permian in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin,China

Recently, silicate diagenesis has been the focus of many studies because of its impact on porosity and permeability in sedimentary rocks. In the process of diagenetic evolution, the crystallization, cementation, and corrosion of zeolite （as a diagenetic mineral） have different effects on properties of Permian reservoirs in the study area. In the Permian sediments in the no,inwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, Zeolite minerals have formed during diagenesis in an open hydrologic system, related to the hydration of abundant volcanic glass. Chemical property of groundwater, pH of pore water, cation property and ratios have directly influenced the transformation among various zeolites and the dissolution of zeolite mineral. The main species of zeolite include analcime, heulandite, and laumontite. Transformations of these minerals during diagenesis are： volcanic glass→ clinoptilolite→analcime→heulandite→laumontite. Corrosion of analcime obviously improved reservoir quality. Extensive heulandite cementation developed and intensively reduced reservoir pore spaces. Early zeolite cementation protected pore structure against compaction and provided substance for late dissolution. The dissolution of analcime was closely related with the organic acid recharged by hydrocarbon source rocks and the NaHCO3 type formation water in the Permian, and was sensitive to permeability of rocks. Within the CaCl2 type formation water, heulandite and laumontite were hardly dissolved. In the study area, the belt with dissolved analcime is the area for the development of secondary pores and favorable reservoirs.