Zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock elemental geochemistry of the Shazi anatase deposit in Qinglong,Western Guizhou,SW China

The Shazi deposit is a large-scale anatase deposit in Qinglong, Guizhou Province. Zircon grains from this deposit yielded a zircon U–Pb age of *259 Ma, representing the formation age of the deposit's parent rocks.This age is identical to the eruption age of the Emeishan large igneous province, indicating a synchronous magmatic event. The rare-earth-element patterns of laterite samples were similar to those of the weathered basalt sample, and sub-parallel to those of the Emeishan high-Ti basalts,implying a genetic relationship between the laterite and the basalt. The Chemical Index of Alteration values of laterite ranged from 96 to 98, suggesting a high degree of weathering. SiO_2, MgO, and alkaline metal elements decreased with increasing degree of weathering, while Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3,and TiO_2 increased. We found the highest TiO_2 in laterite and the lowest in pillow basalts, indicating that Ti migrated from basalt to laterite.Our U–Pb dating and whole-rock elemental geochemistry analyses suggest that the Emeishan basalt is the parent rock of the Shazi anatase ore deposit.Based on our analysis, we propose a metallogenic model to explain the ore-forming process, in which the karst terrain formed by the Emeishan mantle plume and the subsequent basaltic magma eruption were the key factors in the formation the Shazi anatase ore deposit.

定年题的解法

所谓定年题,就是指推算矿石年龄或古生物死亡年代的题目。很多学生求解此类问题思路混乱、错误百出。对此,笔者采取三步解题法教学,收到了较好效果。现举例说明:

关于放射性元素衰变通式m=M_0(1/2)^(x/T)的运用

放射性元素衰变通式:m=M0（1/2）x/T,各物理量的含义是:M0为放射性元素尚未发生衰变的原始质量,m为经时间x后元素衰变剩余下的质量——不是衰变的质量,T为放射性元素的半衰期.

放射性元素衰变的几个通式

大家知道,具有放射性的元素,其原子核放射出α射线、β射线等射线后发生衰变,生成新的原子核.而且,放射性元素的原子核衰变有一定规律.下面谈谈原子核发生衰变过程的有关规律.1.通常用半衰期T来表示放射性元素的原子核有半数发生衰变需要的时间.但是,如果发生衰变经过的时间不是半衰期的整数倍.这时怎样确定还没有发生衰变的原子核的质量呢?设原放射性元素的质量为M,经过一定时间x之后,还有质量为m的放射性元素的原子核没有衰变.

In-situ U-Pb dating of uraninite by fs-LA-ICP-MS

In this study, the Pb/U fractionation between zircon and uraninite during femtosecond Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （fs-LA-ICP-MS） analysis was studied in detail. The results show significant Pb/U fractionation between zircon and uraninite during fs-LA-ICP-MS analysis that when calibrated against the zircon standard M257, the obtained U-Pb age of the Chinese national uraninite standard GBW04420 is 17% older than the recommended value. Thus, the accurate in-situ U-Pb dating of uraninite by LA-ICP-MS requires matrix-matched external standards for calibration. Uraninite in thin sections of two U-mineralized leucogranite from the Gaudeanmus in Namibia was analyzed by a fs-LA-ICP-MS equipped with a Signal Smooth Device （SSD）, using laser spot and frequency of 10 μm and 1 Hz, respectively. When calibrated using GBW04420 as the external standard, two samples give weighted mean 2066pb/238U ages of 504±3 Ma （2σ, n=21） and 503±3 Ma （2σ, n=22）, and only one of two samples yields a concordia U-Pb age of 507±1 Ma （2or, n=21）. These results are consistent with ID-TIMS U-Pb ages of 509±1 and 508±12 Ma and are also indistinguishable from zircon U-Pb upper intercept ages of 506±33 Ma （2σ, n=29） and 501±51 Ma （2σ, n=29）. The present study shows that in-situ U-Pb dating of uraninite can deliver more reliable formation ages of the deposit than dating coeval high-U zircon because the latter commonly suffer significant Pb loss after formation. Our results confirm that GBW04420 is an ideal matrix matching standard for in-situ U-Pb dating of uraninite.

Large clusters of gold deposits and large-scale metallogenesis in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China

The Jiaodong Peninsula is the largest repository of gold in China based on the production in history. It covers less than 0.2% of China's territory, but production of gold accounts for about one fourth of the whole country. Thus, the Jiaodong Peninsula is a typical area or case of large-scale metallogenesis and a large clusters of mineral deposits in China. It is characterized by the large clusters of gold deposits in large scale, high reserve and short mineralizing stage. In this study, we suggest that the eastern boundary of the large clusters of gold deposits is as same as that of North China Block, the gold deposits are hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks or Mesozoic granites, and the age of gold mineralization is 121.6 to 122.7 Ma. Gold and related ore-forming materials are derived from multisources, i.e. Archean metamorphic rocks, granites and intermediate-mafic dikes, especially, intermediate-mafic dikes and calc-alkaline granites. The metallogenic geodynamic process is constrained by the tectonic evolution of eastern North China Block during Late Mesozoic, and it is the result of the interaction between mantle and crust as the boundary plates are playing role on the block.

Origin of Baotoudong syenites in North China Craton:Petrological, mineralogical and geochemical evidence

Baotoudong syenite pluton is located to the east of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, the westernmost part of the Trias- sic alkaline magmatic belt along the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC）. Zircon U-Pb age, petrological, miner- alogical and geochemical data of the pluton were obtained in this paper, to constrain its origin and mantle source characteris- tics. The pluton is composed of nepheline-clinopyroxene syenite and alkali-feldspar syenite, with zircon U-Pb age of 214.7±1.1 Ma. Diopside （cores）-aegirine-augite （rims）, biotite, orthoclase and nepheline are the major minerals. The Bao- toudong syenites have high contents of rare earth elements （REE）, and are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth ele- ments （LREE） and large ion lithophile elements （LILE; e.g., Rb, Ba, Sr）, depletion in heavy rare earth elements （HREE） and high field strength elements （HFSE）. They show enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions with initial 87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0.7061 to 0.7067 and eNd（t） values from -9.0 to -11.2. Mineralogy, petrology and geochemical studies show that the parental magma of the syenites is SiO2-undersaturated potassic-ultrapotassic, and is characterized by high contents of CaO, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O and fluid compositions （H2O）, and by high temperature and high oxygen fugacity. The syenites were originated from a phlogopite-rich, enriched lithospheric mantle source in garnet-stable area （〉80 km）. The occurrence of the Baotoudong sye- nites, together with many other ultrapotassic, alkaline complexes of similar ages on the northern margin of the NCC in Late Triassic implies that the lithospheric mantle beneath the northern margin of the NCC was previously metasomatized by melts/fluids from the subducted, altered paleo-Mongolian oceanic crust, and the northern margin of the craton has entered into an extensively extensional regime as a destructive continental margin in Late Triassic.

Geochronology,petrology,and geochemistry of the Yaojiazhuang ultramafic-syenitic complex from the North China Craton

The Yaojiazhuang ultramafic-syenitic complex is one of the representative Triassic alkaline plutons on the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC）. Based on detailed study of the zircon U-Pb age, petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical data of the complex, the characteristics of the magmas system, the petrogenesis of different rock types, and the nature of the mantle source were discussed to provide new constraints on the origin and tectonic setting of the Triassic alkaline belt. Cumu- lus ultramafic rocks, clinopyroxene-syenites and syenites are the main rock types of the complex. The zircons from the sye- nites yielded a U-Pb age of 209 Ma. Diopside-augite, biotite, and sanidine-orthoclase are the major minerals, with subordinate apatite and magnetite. Rocks from the complex are enriched in large ion lithophile elements （LILE） and light rare earth ele- ments （LREE）, depleted in high field strength elements （HFSE） and heavy rare earth elements （HREE）, and the initial 878r]86Sr ranges from 0.7057 to 0.7061 and eNd（t） from -9.4 to -11.4. Mineralogy and geochemical data demonstrate that the parent magma of the complex is SiO2-undersaturated ultrapotassic alkaline-peralkaline, and is characterized by high CaO content and fluid compositions （P205, CO2, H20）, and by high oxygen fugacity and high temperature. The complex was originated from a phlogopite-clinopyroxenite-rich lithospheric mantle source in the garnet-stable area （〉 80 km） that had previously been meta- somatized by melts/fluids from altered oceanic crust. The parent magma has been contaminated by little ancient TTG gneisses during magma emplacement. The development of the Yaojiazhuang complex indicates that the northern margin of the NCC has entered into an extensively extensional regime in the Late Triassic.