甘肃青羊峡铅锌矿采空区稳定性研究

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,对自然资源的需求越来越大,铅锌矿资源的不断开采,遗留下的近地表采空区对地表基本农田构成了严重危害,同时对下部矿产的开采带来了安全隐患。因此,研究甘肃青羊峡铅锌矿采空区的稳定性以及安全治理措施是迫在眉睫。

可控源音频大地电磁法在硝盐矿采空区溶腔探测中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)是探测采空区的有效方法之一,为验证CSAMT对可溶性盐矿采空区溶腔的探测效果,对龙归硝酸盐矿采空区使用CSAMT进行测量。根据测线剖面特征推断采空区溶腔顶板的埋深位置,对比分析地震波反射法的剖面特征,验证了CSAMT测量的可靠性。

公路压覆石膏芒硝矿采空区稳定性及影响评价研究

针对公路设计与施工对压覆采空区稳定性产生的影响,进行科学分析,并结合公路工程实例,简要介绍了采空区场地沉陷特征,提出公路压覆石膏芒硝矿采空区稳定性及影响评价分析方法,结果表明该石膏芒硝矿采空区稳定性较好,对公路施工与运行无明显影响。该评价分析方法具有良好的可行性,能够给相似工程提供有效帮助。

大连经济技术开发区石棉矿采空区地面塌陷机理与稳定性分析

分析了大连经济技术开发区石棉矿采空区地面塌陷形态及采空区塌陷机理,并应用ANSYS软件对采空区稳定性进行评价。结果表明:石棉矿采空区地面塌陷主要形态为采空区塌陷坑伴生地表裂缝、长列式串珠状地表塌坑、碟形和椭圆形塌陷坑及长列式单体塌陷坑。矿柱强度、矿柱数量及矿柱宽高比是引起岩体移动的决定因素。ANSYS软件数值模拟表明,采空区范围变形破坏仍在继续,总体变化趋势较大。建议加强监测,以策安全。

青海省都兰县拉克贡玛铅锌矿采空区处理与卸压开采方案研究

为了安全、经济地回收矿柱并实施深部开采,在数值分析的基础上,提出了一种急倾斜矿体的采空区处理与卸压开采方法 ,并用ANSYS数值模拟确定了采空区处理及卸压开采的施工参数。结果表明,在下盘脉外巷道离采空区边缘的水平距离为10 m时,上盘脉外巷道离采空区边缘的水平距离取20 m;在巷道底板隔断开采的深度不超过20 m;必须从上、下盘脉外巷道同时向采空区围岩实施V型松动爆破;可只在上盘巷道底板进行隔断开采。本文对青海省都兰县拉克贡玛铅锌矿采空区的处理与卸压开采方法进行了研究分析。

采空区上覆岩层垮落诱发矿震机理及预测方法

基于大面积采空区上覆岩层垮落灾害事故案例综合分析与研究,探讨了近年来出现的一种特殊矿山煤岩动力现象,即采空区顶板大面积垮落诱发矿震与气体动力冲击。通过分析论证了矿震发生前期的动力演变与时空尺度,应用能量转换与守恒理论,揭示出采空区矿震表征及动力冲击要素构成的时空关联尺度,提出将声发射监测技术作为矿震预报的基础与手段,并提出了运用线定位法对震源定位的基本原理。使用声发射监测系统对采空区顶板活动进行在线监测,为采空区矿震监测预报提供一种有效途径。

采空区上覆岩层诱发矿震及预测技术研究

基于大面积采空区垮落灾害案例及文献资料,探讨了近年来出现的一种特殊矿山煤岩动力灾害现象:采空区顶板大面积垮落诱发矿震与气体动力灾害。论证了矿震发生前期的动力演变与时空尺度。应用能量转换与守恒理论,详尽地揭示了采空区矿震表征及动力灾害构成要素的时空关联尺度。针对矿震的发展及形成过程提出将声发射监测技术作为矿震预报的基础,并提出运用线定位法和任意平面三角形定位法对震源定位的基本原理。

大新锰矿复杂空区群三维数值模型构建方法及胶结充填治理研究

矿山岩土工程数值分析中研究复杂空区群三维数值模型构建方法对空区治理具有现实意义。为精确分析矿山地下工程围岩移动和应力变化规律,特别是不同采矿方法形成的复杂空区的稳定性和矿柱应力变化,提出了3DMine-Surfer-Rhino-ANSYS-FLAC3D多软件联合建模方法,解决了复杂空区群三维数值模型构建和大数量小尺寸矿房矿柱网格剖分问题。以广西大新锰矿矿体开采为案例,构建了留矿法与房柱法形成的采空区的三维数值模型,模拟分析空区的稳定性和决策胶结充填治理方案。研究结果表明:(1)大新锰矿留矿法开采的空区部分顶柱有垮落风险;(2)房柱法开采的空区部分矿柱变形大,有塑性破坏;(3)对于胶结充填留矿法的空区,隔一充一充填方案治理效果更好,在治理初期地表沉降更小。

地下采空区中矿柱稳定性的现场监测与研究

对邵东石膏矿采空区采用大量光弹应力计进行大面积的、长时间的现场监测，从中摸索出该矿条件下的地压显现规律，并对采空区的稳定性作出了评价。

Numerical simulation on deformation character of surrounding rock masses of Changjiashan tunnel through the gob of coalmine

Based on the construction project of the Changjiashan tunnel of the freeway,the variety rule of surrounding rock masses of the tunnel through the gob of coalmine wasstudied by using of finite element methed(FEM).The status of the stress and strain,thevariety of the plastic area were simulated in the whole rock mass before and after thetunnel was excavated.The characters of stress and deformation of surrounding rockmasses were analyzed when the tunnel was built.It concluded from the numerical simula-tion that the influence on the tunneling is great when the tunnel passing through the gob ofcoalmine is excavated,and the relative measures should be taken.

Monitoring of coal-mine goaf based on 4D seismic technology

The range of coal-mine underground goaf has continuously expanded over time.Caving,fracture,and deformation zones have also changed,thereby inducing coal-mine water inrush and other environmental disasters.In this study,4 D seismic monitoring technology that is effective in reservoir development was used to monitor abnormal changes in coal-mine underground goaf to explore the feasibility of the method.Taking a coal mine in Hancheng,Shaanxi as an example,we used the aforementioned technology to dynamically monitor the abnormal changes in the goaf.Based on the 4 D seismic data obtained in the experiment and the abnormal change characteristics of the coal-mine goaf,the method of 4 D seismic data processing in reservoir was improved.A set of 4 D data processing flow for the goaf was established,and the anomalies in the surface elevation and overlying strata velocity caused by collapse were corrected.We have made the following improvements to the method of 4 D seismic data processing in the reservoir:(1)the static correction problem caused by the changes of surface elevation and destruction of the low-velocity layer has been solved through fusion static correction to comb the low-frequency components of elevation statics with the high-frequency components of refraction statics;(2)the problem of overlying strata velocity changes in the goaf caused by collapse has been solved through the velocity consistency method;(3)the problem of reflection event pull-down in the disturbance area has been solved through space-varying moveout correction based on cross-correlation;and(4)amplitude anomalies in the coal seam caused by the goaf have been addressed using the correction method of space-varying amplitude.Results show that the 4 D seismic data processing and interpretation method established in this study is reasonable and effective.

Calculation and analysis of stress in strata under gob pillars

Aiming at the difficulty in stress analysis for strata under pillars with actual bearing conditions, an approach was proposed to apply multi-sectional linear approximation to the characteristic curves of pillar loads, and stress of strata was calculated under pillars with linear load by calculation method for uniform load. This approach leads to a rapid analyzing method for strata stress under pillars with any form of loads. Through theoretical analysis, strata stress expressions for pillars under linear bearing conditions are obtained. In addition, two concepts, stress increase factor and stress factor, are proposed for the approximate analysis of strata stress by uniform load approximation method. It is also found that the stress increase factor of strata is related to the strata stress factor and the ratio of the minimum load on the pillar' two ends to the maximum one; and the distribution features of stress factors and the sizes of their influencing areas in strata influenced by overlying pillars are obtained. Combining with the gob pillar conditions of Jurassic coal seam in Tongxin Coal Mine, it is demonstrated that the results obtained by stress distribution analysis of the strata stress in non-influencing areas of pillars with linear bearing through uniform load approximation are in basic accordance with the results obtained for pillars under linear bearing condition. Therefore, it is feasible and accurate to calculate stress in non-influencing area in strata under pillars with linear bearing condition by uniform load calculation method.

Numerical simulation on pressure-relief deformation characteristics of underlying coal-rock mass after upper protective layer excavation

Based on the occurrence features of Group B coal-seams at a coal mine in the Huainan coal mining area, the elasto-plastic mechanical damage constitutive functions and numerical model for the protective layer excavation were established. With the UDEC2D computer program, after the upper protective layer was mined, the stress field change trends, crack development, and expansion deformation trends of underlying coal rock seams in the floor of the working face were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show the stress changes in coal rock seams, the evolution process of pre-cracks during the process of upper protective layer mining, the caved zone and fractured zone of the underlying coal rock seams. At the same time, the results from the actual investigation and analysis of protected layer deformation match the simulation values, which verifies the validity and accuracy of numerical simulation results. The study results have an important guiding significance for gas management in low permeability and high gas coal seams with similar mining conditions.

Study on gob-side entry retaining technique with roadside packing in longwall top-coal caving technology

Pointed out some technical difficulties of gob-side entry retaining with roadside packing in longwall top-coal caving technology (LTCT), and analyzed the function mecha-nism of roadside filling body. Theory analysis shows the mechanical properties of high water material fit for the feature of deformation of gob-side entry retaining in LTCT, and gob-side entry retaining in LTCT face is one of effective ways to increase the recovery ra-tio of mining district.

Mining a coal seam below a heating goaf with a force auxiliary ventilation system at Longhua underground coal mine, China

Extraction of a coal seam which lies not far below a heating goafcan be a major safety challenge. A force auxiliary ventilation system was adopted as a control method in successful extraction and recovery of the panel 30110 of the #3-1 coal seam, which is about 30-40 rn below the heating goaf of the #2-2 seam at Longhua underground coal mine, Shanxi Province, China. Booster fans and ventilation control devices such as doors and regulators were used in the system. The results show that, provided that a force auxiliary ventilation system is properly designed to achieve a pressure balance between a panel and its overlying goat＇, the system can be used to extract a coal seam overlain by a heating goal. This paper describes the design, installation and performance of the ventilation system during the extraction and recovery phases of the oanel 30110.

Prevention and control of coalfield fire technology:A case study in the Antaibao Open Pit Mine goaf burning area,China

It is very difficult to clearly detect the location of a burning area in a coal mine since it is hidden underground.So we conducted research on the distribution of the burning area before controlling it.Firstly,the original drilling technique was used to analyze and determine the loose and scope of caving of burning area through field test,and then obtained the gases and the temperature data in this area were according to the borehole data.By analyzing these data,we found out that the location of burning area concentrated in the loose and caving area;and finally,the location and development of the burning area within the tested area were accurately determined.Based on this theory,we used the ground penetrating radar(GPR) to find out the loose and caving scale in the burning area during the control process of the burning area,and then located the fire-extinguishing boreholes within target which we used to control burning fire in the section.A mobile comprehensive fire prevention and extinguishing system based on the three-phase foam fire prevention and control technique was then adopted and conducted in the burning area which took only 9 months to extinguish the 227,000 m 2 of burning area of 9# coal.This control technology and experience will provide a very important reference to the control of other coalfield fire and hillock fire in the future.

Flow characteristics of three-phase foam in mine gob and its application

To study the flow characteristics of three-phase foam in gob area,different perfusion experiments in coal mine gob were designed and put forward in the paper.Through the observation of flow range,flow characteristics of three phase foam were analyzed with different flow rates.And,unsteady seepage process of three-phase foam was simulated with CFD software.Base on experiment and numerical simulation results,flow characteristics of three-phase foam and its major influence factors are discussed,and the optimal arrangement distribution of mine fire control drills is also determined.Research results show that the flow range and stacking height of three-phase foam in gob are significantly influenced by gravity.The vertical stacking height and horizontal diffusion distance of three-phase foam are also directly related to the flow volume of foam perfusion,the larger flow single hole perfusion volume,the higher stacking height and the longer diffusion distance could be obtained.

Analysis and research of long-term stability about the gob site in Northern Shaanxi Province

Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics for the gob site in Northern Shaanxi Province and the room and pillar mining way about coal mine, the variety rule of the coal beds below the site was studied by the using of FEM during the process of coal mining. The statuses of the stresses and strains and the varieties of the plastic area were simulated in the whole rock and coal pillars. The characters of stresses and deformation of the gob area of the coalmine were analyzed and evaluated after the site built in weathering. Moreover, the long-term stability of the gob area was predicted. As a result, the deformation of the gob area under the site is not been finished, and there is the danger that the gob site will collapsing as a whole; therefore, relative measures must be taken.

The flocculation research on treating suspended solids contained mine drainage through goaf

Mine drainage could be filtered and purified through goaf. This innovative technique shows merits, such as high treatment efficiency, remarkable economic benefit and extensive wastewater recycle use. However, it was detected that capacities of purifying mine drainage for goaf were decreased after a period of application. As a result, the effluent could not meet the standard of recycle water. To solve the problem, coagulant was considered to add into mine drainage reducing its high turbid degrees to certain level. After the preliminary flocculation treatment, mine drainage was piped into goaf to purify. In this way, the load of goaf was eased up. Its usage time was also prolonged. Therefore, this paper carried out the coagulation-flocculation jar test for mine drainage to discuss the flocculation parameters. By the experiment, 10 % iron trichloride is selected from four inorganic coagulants as the optimum coagulant. The optimum dose, PH value and sedirs6-7 and 25 min. Velocity mentation time are respectively 2 mL per 800 mL Wastewater gradient G during the process of mixing and reaction is 696 .And the value of GT is 6.264 × 10^5. The values of G and GT will supply the basis for the design of flocculation pool in the project. The flocculation parameters will be significant for the reference of practice.

Study on dangers of methane in the gob of fully mechanized caving mining

Divided the gob gas in different types according to falling structure and spatial patterns of gob of the fully mechanized caving mining and analyzed its main form of harm. This passage preliminarily studied the law of unusual gush of gob gas of the fully mechanized caving mining. According to the basic condition for the gas explosion, made comprehensive analysis and appraisal about the oxygen condition, gas concentration distribute and fire source conditions. And find that there is the dangerous district of gas explosion in a certain area of the producing gob and give the three zone theory of gob gas explosion.