The suitable repair forecasting is needed for proper maintenance of the buildings. The appropriate maintenance planning should be based on the prognostic analysis of the repair needs. However, in Poland, maintenance p...The suitable repair forecasting is needed for proper maintenance of the buildings. The appropriate maintenance planning should be based on the prognostic analysis of the repair needs. However, in Poland, maintenance planning is currently not seen as a long-term system. Repairs are understood as extemporary work and are carried out exclusively on the basis of intermittent inspections and controls. One of the numerous factors determining maintenance planning is exploitation reliability conditioned by durability. This article presents a proposal to determine the prediction of operational reliability of the building constructed using traditional technology. The method of behaving and changing the reliability of the building throughout its use will be useful in planning renovations. The presented analysis includes apartment buildings erected in a traditional technology and regards them as technical objects. For such approached buildings, it is proposed to apply rules applied for mechanical and electrical objects. The probability of the exploitation of a building without any breakdowns in a given period of time is defined as exploitation reliability.展开更多
In many seismically active regions of the world there are large numbers of masonry buildings. Most of these buildings have not been designed for seismic loads. Recent earthquakes have shown that many of these building...In many seismically active regions of the world there are large numbers of masonry buildings. Most of these buildings have not been designed for seismic loads. Recent earthquakes have shown that many of these buildings are seismically vulnerable and should be considered for retrofitting. Different conventional and unconventional retrofitting techniques are available to increase the strength and/or ductility of unreinforced masonry （URM） walls. This paper reviews and discusses seismic retrofitting of masonry walls with emphasis on the conventional techniques. Retrofitting procedures are discussed with regard to a case study： a stone masonry building in lrpinia region, damaged by the 1980 earthquake. The interventions are evaluated by means of finite elements with a macroelement obtained with a homogenization technique. Linear and nonlinear procedures are compared, and peculiarities of each procedure are shown.展开更多
There is great interest in the use of natural fibers as reinforcement to obtain new construction materials due to its low cost, high availability and reduced energy consumption for its production. This paper evaluates...There is great interest in the use of natural fibers as reinforcement to obtain new construction materials due to its low cost, high availability and reduced energy consumption for its production. This paper evaluates the incorporation of sisal fibers of 20 mm and 40 mm in length and volume fraction of 0.5% and 1% for concrete masonry structural blocks, and determines the use of these units to build prisms and mini-walls. Laboratory tests were carried out to characterize the physical of blocks and mortar, in addition to the axial compression tests of the units, prisms, and mini-walls. The sisal had low apparent density and high water absorption, which is a common feature of such material due to the high incidence of permeable pores. The physical properties of the blocks with and without addition complied with the standard requirements established to validate their use. The obtained results showed that the fiber-reinforced mini-walls obtained values very close to or even higher than those obtained for the mini-walls without fibers, demonstrating better performance than the blocks and prisms.展开更多
文摘The suitable repair forecasting is needed for proper maintenance of the buildings. The appropriate maintenance planning should be based on the prognostic analysis of the repair needs. However, in Poland, maintenance planning is currently not seen as a long-term system. Repairs are understood as extemporary work and are carried out exclusively on the basis of intermittent inspections and controls. One of the numerous factors determining maintenance planning is exploitation reliability conditioned by durability. This article presents a proposal to determine the prediction of operational reliability of the building constructed using traditional technology. The method of behaving and changing the reliability of the building throughout its use will be useful in planning renovations. The presented analysis includes apartment buildings erected in a traditional technology and regards them as technical objects. For such approached buildings, it is proposed to apply rules applied for mechanical and electrical objects. The probability of the exploitation of a building without any breakdowns in a given period of time is defined as exploitation reliability.
文摘In many seismically active regions of the world there are large numbers of masonry buildings. Most of these buildings have not been designed for seismic loads. Recent earthquakes have shown that many of these buildings are seismically vulnerable and should be considered for retrofitting. Different conventional and unconventional retrofitting techniques are available to increase the strength and/or ductility of unreinforced masonry （URM） walls. This paper reviews and discusses seismic retrofitting of masonry walls with emphasis on the conventional techniques. Retrofitting procedures are discussed with regard to a case study： a stone masonry building in lrpinia region, damaged by the 1980 earthquake. The interventions are evaluated by means of finite elements with a macroelement obtained with a homogenization technique. Linear and nonlinear procedures are compared, and peculiarities of each procedure are shown.
文摘There is great interest in the use of natural fibers as reinforcement to obtain new construction materials due to its low cost, high availability and reduced energy consumption for its production. This paper evaluates the incorporation of sisal fibers of 20 mm and 40 mm in length and volume fraction of 0.5% and 1% for concrete masonry structural blocks, and determines the use of these units to build prisms and mini-walls. Laboratory tests were carried out to characterize the physical of blocks and mortar, in addition to the axial compression tests of the units, prisms, and mini-walls. The sisal had low apparent density and high water absorption, which is a common feature of such material due to the high incidence of permeable pores. The physical properties of the blocks with and without addition complied with the standard requirements established to validate their use. The obtained results showed that the fiber-reinforced mini-walls obtained values very close to or even higher than those obtained for the mini-walls without fibers, demonstrating better performance than the blocks and prisms.
