Sewerage systems first appeared in Paris in the middle of 19th century. Even if the majority of structures are still in working order, their general state will deteriorate inexorably, and as reconstruction is not alwa...Sewerage systems first appeared in Paris in the middle of 19th century. Even if the majority of structures are still in working order, their general state will deteriorate inexorably, and as reconstruction is not always possible for cost and social impact reasons, rehabilitation is a solution adopted by many clients. It is necessary to resort to new rehabilitation techniques. Reinforcement by bonding composite materials has many advantages compared to other techniques. The objective of the experimental campaign presented in this paper is to study the addition of a lining by means of mortar reinforced by thin composite materials so as to restore masonry structures. To that purpose, crushing tests on masonry vaults have been carried out. The application of a lining made of mortar reinforced with composite materials has allowed increasing the breaking load and delaying the occurrence of the first cracks. This article presents the characterization of the materials. Moreover, the results of the breaking tests applied to masonry vaults are shown in this paper. A comparison with a traditional type of rehabilitation by a 6 cm-thick shotcrete lining will be performed.展开更多
Stone structures with dry joints, that is, without mortar, have shown a surprising behavior when earthquakes occur. An example of this behavior is the perennially of the so-called Inca wall in Peru, which despite havi...Stone structures with dry joints, that is, without mortar, have shown a surprising behavior when earthquakes occur. An example of this behavior is the perennially of the so-called Inca wall in Peru, which despite having suffered several earthquakes over time has remained stable without collapsing. This article presents the research carried out on stone masonry wails with dry joint, without mortar, subject to a seismic action. In order to understand the behavior of the masonry without mortar, it designs a Grid mode/ of Finite Elements. From the results, it is concluded that these walls with a certain thickness have ductility that allows them to withstand high displacement and rotation values, thus accommodating the movement of the earth subject to an earthquake. The individual stone blocks move relative to each other through rotations and displacements, which are processed in the free joints of any mortar. The joints work as energy sinks. The free movements in the joints dissipate the energy transmitted by the earthquake, not causing in this way the rupture of the stone blocks. The goal of this article is to understand the p importance of lack of mortar in the seismic behavior of the mansonry.展开更多
The everyday fluctuations of temperature and humidity lead to fluctuation of stress on the stones constituting many constructions and produce in long term some kinds of fatigue damage. This paper investigates the comb...The everyday fluctuations of temperature and humidity lead to fluctuation of stress on the stones constituting many constructions and produce in long term some kinds of fatigue damage. This paper investigates the combined role of stone properties variability and environmental conditions on the generation and the amplification of stress variation and fatigue. Thus, the randomness and spatial variability 0fthe mechanical, thermal and hydraulic properties are taken into account in a finite elements model of typical stone wall masonry of Chambord Castle. The quantification of the impact of this spatial variability on the variability of generated stress is performed.展开更多
文摘Sewerage systems first appeared in Paris in the middle of 19th century. Even if the majority of structures are still in working order, their general state will deteriorate inexorably, and as reconstruction is not always possible for cost and social impact reasons, rehabilitation is a solution adopted by many clients. It is necessary to resort to new rehabilitation techniques. Reinforcement by bonding composite materials has many advantages compared to other techniques. The objective of the experimental campaign presented in this paper is to study the addition of a lining by means of mortar reinforced by thin composite materials so as to restore masonry structures. To that purpose, crushing tests on masonry vaults have been carried out. The application of a lining made of mortar reinforced with composite materials has allowed increasing the breaking load and delaying the occurrence of the first cracks. This article presents the characterization of the materials. Moreover, the results of the breaking tests applied to masonry vaults are shown in this paper. A comparison with a traditional type of rehabilitation by a 6 cm-thick shotcrete lining will be performed.
文摘Stone structures with dry joints, that is, without mortar, have shown a surprising behavior when earthquakes occur. An example of this behavior is the perennially of the so-called Inca wall in Peru, which despite having suffered several earthquakes over time has remained stable without collapsing. This article presents the research carried out on stone masonry wails with dry joint, without mortar, subject to a seismic action. In order to understand the behavior of the masonry without mortar, it designs a Grid mode/ of Finite Elements. From the results, it is concluded that these walls with a certain thickness have ductility that allows them to withstand high displacement and rotation values, thus accommodating the movement of the earth subject to an earthquake. The individual stone blocks move relative to each other through rotations and displacements, which are processed in the free joints of any mortar. The joints work as energy sinks. The free movements in the joints dissipate the energy transmitted by the earthquake, not causing in this way the rupture of the stone blocks. The goal of this article is to understand the p importance of lack of mortar in the seismic behavior of the mansonry.
文摘The everyday fluctuations of temperature and humidity lead to fluctuation of stress on the stones constituting many constructions and produce in long term some kinds of fatigue damage. This paper investigates the combined role of stone properties variability and environmental conditions on the generation and the amplification of stress variation and fatigue. Thus, the randomness and spatial variability 0fthe mechanical, thermal and hydraulic properties are taken into account in a finite elements model of typical stone wall masonry of Chambord Castle. The quantification of the impact of this spatial variability on the variability of generated stress is performed.