Ionic Distribution, Electrostatic Potential and Zeta Potential at Electrochemical Interfaces

Density functional theory is applied to predicting the structures and electrostatic potentials of planar electrochemical surfaces within the framework of the restricted primitive model where small ions are represented by charged hard spheres of equal diameter and the solvent is assumed to be a continuous dielectric medium. The hard-sphere contribution to the excess Helmholtz energy functional is evaluated using the modified fundamentalmeasure theory and the electrostatic contribution is obtained from the quadratic functional Taylor expansion using the second-order direct correlation function from the mean-spherical approximation. Numerical results for the ionic density profiles and the mean electrostatic potentials near a planar surface of various charge densities are in excellent agreement with molecular simulations. In contrast to the modified Gouy-Chapman theory, the present density functional theory correctly predicts the second layer formation and charge inversion of charged surfaces as observed in simulations and in experiments. The theory has also been tested with the zeta potentials of positively charged polystyrene particles in aqueous solutions of KBr. Good agreement is achieved between the calculated and experimental results.

The applications of Bayesian models in real-world studies of traditional Chinese medicine:a primer

Real-world study is valuable for traditional Chinese medicine.However,there are no gold standards of statistical approaches for analyzing data from real-world study of traditional Chinese medicine.With the development of computer technology,researchers have increasingly paid attention to Bayesian statistics in the biomedical field.In present study,real-world study and Bayesian statistics were introduced.It was discussed that why and when to use Bayesian analysis and the challenge in the real-world study of traditional Chinese medicine.

Laminar Forced Convection Heat and Mass Transfer of Humid Air across a Vertical Plate with Condensation

Condensation of humid air along a vertical plate was numerically investigated, with the mathematical model built on the full boundary layer equations and the film-wise condensation assumption. The velocity, heat and mass transfer characteristics at the gas-liquid interface were numerical analyzed and the results indicated that it was not reasonable to neglect the condensate film from the point of its thickness only. The condensate film thickness, interface temperature drop and the interface tangential velocity affect the physical fields weakly. However, the subcooling and the interface normal velocity were important factors to be considered before the simplification was made. For higher wall temperature, the advective mass transfer contributed much to the total mass transfer. Therefore, the boundary conditions were the key to judge the rationality of neglecting the condensate film for numerical solutions. The numerical results were checked by comparing with experiments and correlations.

Global progress against cancer—challenges and opportunities

The last ten years have seen remarkable progress in cancer research. However, despite significant breakthroughs in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of cancer, the disease continues to affect millions of people worldwide. Cancer＇s complexity compounded with financial, policy and regulatory roadblocks has slowed the rate of progress being made against cancer. In this paper, we review a few of the most recent breakthroughs that are fueling medical advances and bringing new hope for patients affected by this devastating disease. We also address the challenges facing us and the opportunities to accelerate future progress against cancer. The efforts of the American Association for Cancer Research （AACK） to address the cancer burden already extend beyond the borders of the United States of America. The AACR is committed to increasing its efforts to stem the tide of cancer worldwide by promoting innovative programs, strategies, and initiatives for cancer researchers and all those engaged in cancer-related biomedical sciences around the world.

Numerical Study of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Stirred Tanks with Rushton Impeller (Ⅰ) Formulation and Simulation of Flow Field

The critical impeller speed, N_(JS), for complete suspension of solidparticles in the agitated solid-liquid two-phase system in baffled stirred tanks with a standardRushton impeller is predicted using the computational procedure proposed in Part Ⅰ. Three differentnumerical criteria are tested for determining the critical solid suspension. The predicted N_(JS)is compared with those obtained from several empirical correlations. It is suggested the mostreasonable criterion for determining the complete suspension of solid particles is the positive signof simulated axial velocity of solid phase at the location where the solid particles are mostdifficult to be suspended.

Collaborating Against AIDS:A Urban Chinese Case Study of World AIDS Day Awareness

Objective: To incorporate students and other local community partners in creating a collaborative Nanjing World AIDS Day exhibition. Background: Stigma and discrimination continue to complicate effective World AIDS Day activities in China. Including foreign students in World AIDS Day campaigns broadens the potential Chinese audience as well as making the government's AIDS policiesmore transparent. Methods: In order to broaden the potential audience, relevant media (television, radio, newspaper) were notified of the 2003 Nanjing World AIDS Day Exhibition. The exhibition represented a unique collaboration between Nanjing University and the Chinese National Center for STD and Leprosy Control, depending on foreign and Chinese students at several levels. In addition, close contacts at the Jiangsu Provincial Health Bureau helped to coordinate local experts and distribution of condoms. Results: This multi-disciplinary cooperative exhibition was successfully completed. Several major media sources covered the event. Conclusions: The success of this campaign suggests that other urban cities with significant foreign student populations could benefit from including foreign and Chinese students in future World AIDS Day campaign activities.

Orientation and Motion of Water Molecules at Air/Water Interface

Here we report a quantitative study of the orientational structure and motion of water molecule at the air/water interface. Analysis of Sum Frequency Generation （SFG） vibrational peak of the free O-H stretching band at 3700 cm^-1 in four experimental configurations showed that orientational motion of water molecule at air/water interface is libratory within a limited angular range. The free OH bond of the interracial water molecule is tilted around 33°from the interface normal and the orientational distribution or motion width is less than 15°. This picture is significantly different from the previous conclusion that the interracial water molecule orientation varies over a broad range within the ultrafast vibrational relaxation time, the only direct experimental study concluded for ultrafast and broad orient, ational motion of a liquid interface by Wei et al. （Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4799, （2001）） using single SFG experimental configuration.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Interactions of Cationic-Anionic Surfactants

Typical cationic and anionic surfactants were chosen and their interactions were calculated by quantum chemical method. Interaction energies are -0.2378 kJ·mol-1, -3.3394kJ·mol-1 and 0.1204kJ·mol-1 for the molecular pairs with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chain: C4H10/C5H12, C4F10/C5H12, and C4F10 /C5F12, respectively. When hydrophilic group with cationic and anionicions is introduced, interaction energies are -287.40kJ·mol-1, -311.18kJ·mol-1 and -345.83kJ·mol-1. The results show that there is strong static interaction between cationic and anionic surfactants. It has been predicted that mixed monolayer may be formed and surface activity is enhanced favorably, especially for mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants with fluocarbon and hydrocarbon chains. The anionic surfactants, sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate perfluopolyetherbenzenesulonate(ANF-I) was synthesized, mixture effects of ANF-I with sodium octadecylbenzenesulfonate or dodecyldimethyl benzylammonium bromide were studied. The results indicate that the efficiency of mixing increased and the theoretical prediction was testified. These results can provide useful information for the design of new surfactants.

Assessing acupuncture effect in the real world study

Acupuncture,with its unique set of theories and its evident results in clinical practice is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and gaining recognition worldwide for the past few years.Although acupuncture treatment is generally accepted by the public,a few western researchers believe that sufficient evidence of its efficiency is still currently lacking,therefore creating a challenge of its acceptance on a wider scale.This article suggests the concepts of acupuncture behind clinical researches by reviewing the clinical researches done,analyzing the existing problems,and integrating real life acupuncture into the research process.By increasing the credibility of acupuncture,its reach can be extended globally and to more countries and regions.

Bridging academic science and clinical research in the search for novel targeted anti-cancer agents

This review starts with a brief history of drug discovery & development, and the place of Asia in this worldwide effort discussed. The conditions and constraints of a successful translational R&D involving academic basic research and clinical research are discussed and the Singapore model for pursuit of open R&D described. The importance of well-characterized, validated drug targets for the search for novel targeted anti-cancer agents is emphasized, as well as a structured, high quality translational R&D. Furthermore, the characteristics of an attractive preclinical development drug candidate are discussed laying the foundation of a successful preclinical development. The most frequent sources of failures are described and risk management at every stage is highly recommended. Organizational factors are also considered to play an important role. The factors to consider before starting a new drug discovery & development project are described, and an example is given of a successful clinical project that has had its roots in local universities and was carried through preclinical development into phase I clinical trials.

Role of Researcher/Academia in Making UK Low Carbon Policy

This study focuses on the role of researcher/academia in making low carbon policy in the UK. UK researchers and universities enjoy relatively high degree of independence of their research from the government due to its statute that guarantees its independence （＂The Haldene Principle＂）. In addition, there was a recent movement for evidence-based policy in the UK, which requires more economic and scientific robustness, therefore role of engineers and social scientists are increasingly important. In particular, social science will have a greater role in changing people＇s behavior with high level of uncertainty. UK businesses have played a leading role to move forward the climate policy such as UKETS （United Kingdom Emissions Trading Scheme） as well as low carbon policy. The regular communication and consultation is a crucial basis for making integrated policy, which involves wide range of stakeholders. The legally binding targets set out by Climate Change Act 2008 required structural change of the government to implement the necessary policies and measures especially by integrating climate and energy policy.

Human Rights and Jainism A Comparative Study

My research paper tries to investigate certain pertinent questions which are very important for the solution of today＇s problems which we are facing in a globalised world. They are as follows： （1） By following Jain principles, how one can promote and preserve rights of the individual; （2） In what ways Jain teachings prescribed preventive measures against the violation of human rights; （3） Chronology of Indian political thought and Comparison between Jain and Gandhian human rights. Today, we are facing the problems of infringement, misuse of rights in all walks of our life. We are confronting with the problems of social, economic, and political rights, discrimination between men and women in third world countries. Inequality is rampant. To establish equality-protection, promotion, and preservation of human rights is utmost important need of the day. It is one of ways that by following Jain teachings and principles we can be able to establish equality of rights and peace in the contemporary world. So my research paper will be aptly related with the Congress main theme, the politics in the world of inequality. My paper is an interpretative study which is viewed from the socio-political dimension not from the religious or metaphysical point of view.

Research and Development of Heat-Resistant Materials for Advanced USC Power Plants with Steam Temperatures of 700℃ and Above

Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, the US, Japan, and recently in China and India as well. These projects involve the replacement of martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels with nickel(Ni)-base alloys for the highest temperature boiler and turbine components in order to provide sufficient creep strength at 700℃ and above. To minimize the requirement for expensive Ni-base alloys, martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels can be applied to the next highest temperature components of an A-USC power plant, up to a maximum of 650℃. This paper comprehensively describes the research and development of Ni-base alloys and martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels for thick section boiler and turbine components of A-USC power plants, mainly focusing on the long-term creep-rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, strength loss in welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at elevated temperatures.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.

Effect of Viscosities on Mixing in A Patterned Micro Mixer

The effect of viscosity and viscosity difference and boundary patterned slip on mixing in a micro mixer has been numerically studied using lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）. The slip and no-slip ratio is not constant and varies irregularly, and viscosity is altered by changing the relaxation time in LBE equation. The slip boundary condition is simulated by specular reflection boundary and the no-slip boundary condition is simulated by bounce back boundary. It has been found that it is feasible to optimize the micro mixer design by combining the viscosity effect and boundary patterned ratio altogether.

Lessons from WWII

THERE have always been contradictions between countries around the world.We,however,should not be vexed by them,but instead adopt the right attitude and appropriately respond to them,＂Nakayama Toshio of the Clausewitz Society of Japan said at an international seminar held in Beijing last July to retrospect World War I and II.Mr.Toshio went on to say thatthe hegemony of world!big powers has fallen apart since WWII.

Experimental study of heat transfer of ultra-supercritical pressure water in vertical upward internally ribbed tube

Under ultra-supercritical pressure, the heat transfer characteristics of water in vertical upward 4- head internally ribbed tubes with a diameter of 28.65mm and thickness of 8mm were experimentally studied. The experiments were performed at P = 25- 34MPa, G = 450- 1800kg/（m^2·s） and q = 200 600kW/m^2. The results show that the pressure has only a moderate effect on the heat transfer of uhra-supercritical water when the water temperature is below the pseudocritical point. Sharp rise of the wall temperature near the pesudocritical region occurs earlier at a higher pressure. Increasing the mass velocity improves the heat transfer with a much stronger effect below the pesudocritical point than that above the pesudocritical point. For given pressure and mass velocity, the inner wall heat flux also shows a significant effect on the inner wall temperature, with a higher inner wall heat flux leading to a higher inner wall temperature. Increasing of inner wall heat flux leads to an early occurrence of sharp rise of the wall temperature. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients are also presented for vertical upward internally ribbed tubes.

The Rush to IFRS： Practice Vs Academe, Is the Need to Change the CPA Exam Genuine？

In October 2010, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants [AICPA] announced that the CPA （Certified Public Accountant） examination would be changed to include International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）. A reason given for this change was the supposed importance given to IFRS knowledge in the latest practice analysis. This paper examines this practice analysis as well as a review by graduate students of some accounting textbooks. The conclusion given by the students, other academic research and the practice analysis is that US is not prepared to immediately make this change.

Numerical Investigation of Transmission of Low Frequency Sound Through a Smooth Air-water Interface

It is the traditional belief that sound transmission from water to the air is very weak due to a large contrast between air and water impedances. Recently, the enhanced sound transmission and anomalous transparency of air-water interface have been introduced. Anomalous transparency of air-water interface states that the sound generated by a submerged shallow depth monopole point source localized at depths less than 1/10 sound wavelength, can be transmitted into the air with omni-directional pattern. The generated sound has 35 times higher power compared to the classical ray theory prediction. In this paper, sound transmission through air-water interface for a localized underwater shallow depth source is examined. To accomplish this, two-phase coupled Helmholtz wave equations in two-phase media of air-water are solved by the commercial finite element based COMSOL Multiphysics software. Ratios of pressure amplitudes of different sound sources in two different underwater and air coordinates are computed and analyzed against non-dimensional ratio of the source depth （D） to the sound wavelength （λ）. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is displayed.

A Review of Chinese College Students＇ Interest Views Education

In the process of transition from the planned economy to the socialist market economy, college students＇ interest views are uneven. The shown diversified characteristics have carousedthe academic circle＇s attention about college students＇ interest views. The academic circle has conducted comprehensive researches on the characteristics and causes, status and the necessity, the basic principles, the main content and the implementation strategies of college students＇ interest view education. However, since researchingtime is limited, the construction of theoretical system, research and development and effectiveness of college students＇ interest views education still has a long way to go.