Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) function as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. However,factors affecting the transition between tumor promotion and inhibition remain to be investigated. Here, we found t...Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) function as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. However,factors affecting the transition between tumor promotion and inhibition remain to be investigated. Here, we found that the transition was determined by stiffness heterogeneity of the tumor stroma in which tumor cells and CAFs were grown.When tumor cells were grown on a rigid plastic substrate,supernatants from CAFs inhibited the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil. In contrast, when tumor cells were grown on a soft substrate(5.3 kPa), supernatants from CAFs grown on a soft substrate increased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. The diverse effects of CAFs were mediated by mechanotransduction factors, including stroma stiffness-induced cytokine expression in CAFs and signal transduction associated with stress fiber formation of CAFs. Moreover, we found that the cytokine expression in CAFs was regulated by nuclear Yesassociated protein, which changed according to cell stiffness,as characterized by atomic force microscopy. Overall, these findings suggested that modulating the mechanotransduction of the stroma together with CAFs might be important for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy.展开更多
In the paper"A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation"by Liu et al.[1]numerical experiments are reported for a dipole sonic l...In the paper"A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation"by Liu et al.[1]numerical experiments are reported for a dipole sonic logging scenario with a deviated borehole penetrating a VTI anisotropic medium.In such a situation it is important to clearly define the meaning of group and phase velocities as this has led to much confusion in the literature as discussed by Miller,Horne and Walsh[2].展开更多
基金financially supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation Program of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical Collegethe National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (31470905)National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) Grant R21, CA208196
文摘Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) function as a double-edged sword in tumor progression. However,factors affecting the transition between tumor promotion and inhibition remain to be investigated. Here, we found that the transition was determined by stiffness heterogeneity of the tumor stroma in which tumor cells and CAFs were grown.When tumor cells were grown on a rigid plastic substrate,supernatants from CAFs inhibited the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil. In contrast, when tumor cells were grown on a soft substrate(5.3 kPa), supernatants from CAFs grown on a soft substrate increased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. The diverse effects of CAFs were mediated by mechanotransduction factors, including stroma stiffness-induced cytokine expression in CAFs and signal transduction associated with stress fiber formation of CAFs. Moreover, we found that the cytokine expression in CAFs was regulated by nuclear Yesassociated protein, which changed according to cell stiffness,as characterized by atomic force microscopy. Overall, these findings suggested that modulating the mechanotransduction of the stroma together with CAFs might be important for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy.
文摘In the paper"A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation"by Liu et al.[1]numerical experiments are reported for a dipole sonic logging scenario with a deviated borehole penetrating a VTI anisotropic medium.In such a situation it is important to clearly define the meaning of group and phase velocities as this has led to much confusion in the literature as discussed by Miller,Horne and Walsh[2].
