良好研风下“三个深入”的马克思主义哲学意蕴

习近平总书记曾经指出:一个研究者,"要有‘板凳要坐十年冷,文章不写一句空’的执着坚守,耐得住寂寞,经得起诱惑,守得住底线,立志做大学问、做真学问。"新时代的科研工作者必须牢固树立"三个深入",即深入实际、深入基层、深入群众,这对积极推动研风转变,大力弘扬马克思主义研风,繁荣新时代中国特色社会主义的科学研究事业,推动人类文明进步具有重要意义。

Technology Research on Lightning Strike Risk Evaluation of a Cable Car

According to structure function and lightning damage of a cable car, a feasible method of lightning strike risk evaluation for a cable car was put forward based on the evaluation model and evaluation method in the standard IEC62305-2. According to the difference between common buildings and cable cars, problems of height non-uniformity of equivalent section caused by inclination of the cable car and diversity of lightning activity regularity caused by the large area were resolved, and expected annual average frequency of lightning strike was calculated using three dimensional graphic approach and regional lightning characteristic analysis. Based on different types of damage process and loss consequences, according to interception effect against lightning invasion of the lightning protection measures and the method of probability selection proposed in the standard, the probability of casu- alty caused by direct lightning strike in a cable car and a waiting area as well as probabilities of casualty caused by failure of electronic information systems were cal- culated.

Morphological Characteristics Analysis of 11 Broom Sorghum Varieties

[Objective] To provide a theoretical basis for high-yield breeding of broom sorghum.[Method] Using 11 kinds of broom sorghum collected at home as research objects, the differences in morphological characteristics of broom sorghum were compared through the survey of some indicators, such as plant height, tillering, inflorescence, stem node, stem-leaf ratio, yield, and so on. [Result] The 11 kinds of broom sorghum were different in morphological characteristics with large amplitude of plant height; zygl-1, zygl-6, zygl-8 and zygl-9 were appropriate for fixed broom type; zygl-9 had the highest integrated production. [Condusion] The study laid the foundation for further exploring breeding, cultivation and promotion of broom sorghum.

HBV infection decreases risk of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer:A cohort study

AIM:To evaluate the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.METHODS:A total of 1298 colorectal cancer patients were recruited from January 2001 to March 2005 in this study.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test serum HBV markers for colorectal cancer.Patients were divided into study (infection) group and control (non-infection) group.Clinical features of patients in two groups were compared.RESULTS:Liver metastasis was found in 319 out of the 1298 colorectal cancer patients.The incidence of liver metastasis was significantly lower in study group than in control group (14.2% vs 28.2%,P < 0.01).HBV infection significantly decreased the risk of liver metastasis [hazard ratio (HR):0.50,95% confidence interval (95% CI):0.38-0.66],but the incidence of extrahepatic metastasis was significantly higher in study group than in control group (31.9% vs 17.0%,P < 0.01).The HR was the lowest in chronic hepatitis B group (HR:0.29,95% CI:0.12-0.72).The number of liver metastatic lesions was significantly less in study group than in control group with a higher surgical resection rate.However,no significant difference was found in survival rate between the two groups (P=0.95).CONCLUSION:HBV infection decreases the risk of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer and elevates the surgical resection rate of liver metastatic lesions.

Atrial fibrillation： the current epidemic

Atrial fibrillation （AF） is the most common arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. The consequences of AF have been clearly estab- lished in multiple large observational cohort studies and include increased stroke and systemic embolism rates if no oral anticoagulation is prescribed, with increased morbidity and mortality. With the worldwide aging of the population characterized by a large influx of ＂baby boomers＂ with or without risk factors for developing AF, an epidemic is forecasted within the next 10 to 20 years. Although not all studies support this evidence, it is clear that AF is on the rise and a significant amount of health resources are invested in detecting and managing AF This review focuses on the worldwide burden of AF and reviews global health strategies focused on improving detection, prevention and risk stratification of AF, recently recommended by the World Heart Federation.

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的检测算法

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的规模随着规则的更新与日俱增,对规则库的维护工作变得日益重要。针对规则库的从属、冗余、环路和冲突等问题提出一种检测算法。引入有向超图来表示规则库中的规则;用邻接矩阵表示该有向超图,并计算出它的可达矩阵和总可达矩阵;用总可达矩阵对规则库进行检测,找出规则库中存在的问题。实验表明,与已有的检测算法相比,该算法能够有效地检测出规则库中存在的问题,同时构建的邻接矩阵规模较小,在保证算法简洁的基础上提高了效率。

Numerical Investigations on the Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbine： Downwind Versus Upwind Configuration

Although the upwind configuration is more popular in the field of wind energy, the downwind one is a promising type for the offshore wind energy due to its special advantages. Different configurations have different aerodynamic performance and it is important to predict the performance of both downwind and upwind configurations accurately for designing and developing more reliable wind turbines. In this paper, a numerical investigation on the aerodynamic performance of National Renewable Energy Laboratory （NREL） phase V1 wind turbine in downwind and upwind configurations is presented. The open source toolbox OpenFOAM coupled with arbitrary mesh interface （AMI） method is applied to tackle rotating problems of wind turbines. Two 3D numerical models of NREL phase VI wind turbine with downwind and upwind configurations under four typical working conditions of incoming wind velocities are set up for the study of different unsteady characteristics of the downwind and upwind configurations, respectively. Numerical results of wake vortex structure, time histories of thrust, pressure distribution on the blade and limiting streamlines which can be used to identify points of separation in a 3D flow are presented. It can be concluded that thrust reduction due to blade-tower interaction is small for upwind wind turbines but relatively large for downwind wind turbines and attention should be paid to the vibration at a certain frequency induced by the cyclic reduction for both configurations. The results and conclusions are helpful to analyze the different aerodynamic performance of wind turbines between downwind and upwind configurations, providing useful references for practical design of wind turbine.

Predictive value of SYNTAX score II for clinical outcomes in octogenarian undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of SYNTAX Score II （SS-II） for percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in octogenarian （≥ 80 years old） undergoing PCI. Methods ＆ Results Data from three consecutive years of octogenarian undergoing PCI from Ruijin Hospital （Shanghai, China） was retrospectively collected （n = 308）. Follow up clinical data at one year including all cause mortality, cardiac mortality and main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events （MACCE） were collected. Patients were stratified according to tertiles of SS-II for PCI： SS-II 〈 26 （n = 104）, SS-II： 27-31 （n = 102）, SS-II 〉 31 （n = 102）. After adjustment for confounding factors, SS-II for PCI was an independent risk factors for all cause mortality （odds ratio： 2.77, 95% CI： 1.13-8.06; P = 0.04）. Kaplan-Meier curves showed higher event rates for all cause mortality and cardiac mortality in higher tertile of SS-II for PCI （Log-Rank test P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively）. SSdl for PCI predicted one year mortality in octogenarian population undergoing PCI. Conclusions In octogenarian, SS-II which incorporated clinical variables with angiographic anatomy variable was suitable in risk stratifying and predicting clinical outcomes at one year.

Differences in characteristics of patients with and without known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

AIM： To examine the clinical characteristics of a subgroup of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and compare them to those with known risk factors. METHODS： We used the HCC database of 306 patients seen at our institution from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2001. Of the 306 patients, 63 （20%, group 1） had no known risk factors （hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, alcohol, hemochromatosis or cirrhosis from any cause） and 243 （group 2） had one or more risk factors. RESULTS： The median age was similar in both groups, but there were disproportionate numbers of younger （〈 30 years old）, older （〉 80 years） patients, women （33% vs 18%）, and Caucasians （81% vs 52%） in group 1 as compared to group 2. There were fewer Asians （2% vs 11%） and African Americans （13% vs 27%） in group 1. Abdominal pain （70% vs 37%） was more common while gastrointestinal bleeding （0% vs 11%） and ascites （4% vs17%） were less common in group i compared to group 2. Group 1 had larger tumor burden （median size 9.4 cm vs 5.7 cm） at the time of presentation, but there were no differences in the site （right, left or bilateral lesions）, or number of tumors between the two groups. CONCLUSION： HCC patients without identifiable risk factors have different characteristics and clinical presentation compared to those with known risk factors.Absence of cirrhosis and larger tumor burden may explain the differences in the presenting symptoms.

An Alternative Index for the Onset of the Summer Monsoon over the South China Sea

An alternative index for the onset of summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS) has been designed based on the reanalysis data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). It is found that the difference between the geopotential thickness over Guangzhou and Manila can be used as an alternative index for the onset of summer monsoon over the SCS. Since the convective heating alters the geopotential height and the distance between Guangzhou and Manila is of synoptic scale in the geostraphic framework, the index can represent the strength of heating and the first baroclinic cell over the SCS. By comparison between different indices, it is found that the summer monsoon onset over the SCS can be ascertained by the vertical zonal wind shear between 200 hPa and 850 hPa, the zonal wind at 850 hPa, the OLR anomaly, and the alternative index defined in the present paper. The meridional wind shear between 200 hPa and 850 hPa always appears over the SCS much earlier than the zonal wind shear and cannot be used as an index under consideration.

INVESTIGATION ON DRYING CHARACTERISTIC OF MEDICAL PILL USING MICROWAVE-CONVECTIVE DRYING

The combined microwave-convective drying is a novel drying method and has many advantages, such as swift drying, equable drying and sterilization. This paper studies the drying characteristic of medical pill in microwave-convective drying process. The influential parameters of pill drying characteristics including pill size, quality, air velocity, temperature and the input power of microwave, are experimentally investigated. Results show that the drying process is influenced by the intrinsic heat of microwave power, and the environment and the resistance of mass transfer. It has the advantage of the microwave-convective drying in saving energy, reducing labor intensity and sterilizing. The method with the high efficiency is suitable for pharmacy industry.

Wave-current interaction during Typhoon Nuri(2008)and Hagupit(2008):an application of the coupled ocean-wave modeling system in the northern South China Sea

The northern South China Sea(SCS) is frequently affected by typhoons. During severe storm events, wave-current interactions produce storm surges causing enormous damage in the path of the typhoon. To evaluate the influence of wave-current interactions on storm surge, we used a coupled ocean-atmospherewave-sediment transport(COAWST) modeling system with radiation-stress and vortex-force formulations to simulate two typically intense tropical storms that invaded the SCS, namely Typhoons Nuri(2008) and Hagupit(2008), and compared results with observations from the Hong Kong Observatory. Both radiationstress and vortex-force formulations significantly improved the accuracy of the simulation. Depending on which typhoon and the topography encountered, the influence of surface waves on the oceanic circulation showed different characteristics, including the differences of range and intensity of storm surge between vortex-force and radiation-stress experiments. During typhoon landing, strong sea-surface elevation in concert with wave set-up/set-down caused the adjustment of the momentum balance. In the direction perpendicular to the current, but especially in the cross-shore direction, the pressure gradient and wave effects on the current dominated the momentum balance.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PLASTICITY OF PROLIFERATED NEURAL STEM CELLS IN ADULT RATS AFTER CEREBRAL INFARCTION

Objective To investigate whether there is endogenous neural stem cell proliferation and whether these proliferated neural stem cells represent neural plasticity in the adult rats after cerebral infarction. Methods Cerebral infarction models of rats were established and the dynamic expression of bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU）, BrdU/polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule （PSA-NCAM） were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. BrdU was used to mark dividing neural stem cells. PSA-NCAM was used to mark the plasticity of neural stem cells. Results Compared with controls, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the subventricular zone （SVZ） and hippocampus increased significantly at 1st day after cerebral infarction （P 〈 0. 05 ）, reached maximum at 7th day, decreased markedly at 14th day, but it was still elevated compared with that of the controls （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The number of BrdU-labeled with PSA-NCAM-positive cells increased significantly at 7th day （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, reached maximum at 14th day, markedly decreased at 28th day, but it was still elevated compared with that of the controls （P 〈 0. 05 ）. It was equal to 60% of the number of BrdU-positive cells in the same period. Conclusion Cerebral infarction may stimulate the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in situ and most proliferated neural stem cells represent neural plasticity.

Bisphosphonate use and gastrointestinal tract cancer risk:Meta-analysis of observational studies

AIM:To perform a meta-analysis of observational studies to further elucidate the relationship between oral bisphosphonate use and gastrointestinal cancer risk.METHODS:Systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library to identify studies through January 2011.Search terms were "bisphosphonates" or trade names of the drugs,and "observational studies" or "cohort studies" or "case-control studies".Two evaluators reviewed and selected articles on the basis of predetermined selection criteria as followed:(1) observational studies(casecontrol or cohort studies) on bisphosphonate use;(2) with at least 2 years of follow-up;and(3) reported data on the incidence of cancer diagnosis.The DerSimonian and Laird random effects model were used to calculate the pooled relative risk(RR) with 95% confidence interval(CI).Two-by-two contingency table was used to calculate the outcomes not suitable for meta-analysis.Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted for the type of cancer(esophageal,gastric and colorectal cancers).Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the effect sizes when only studies with long-term follow-up(mean 5 years;subgroup 3 years) were included.RESULTS:Of 740 screened articles,3 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies were included in the analyses.At first,4 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies were selected for the analyses but one cohort study was excluded because the cancer outcomes were not categorized by type of gastrointestinal cancer.More than 124 686 subjects participated in the 3 cohort studies.The mean follow-up time in all of the cohort studies combined was approximately 3.88 years.The 3 casecontrol studies reported 3070 esophageal cancer cases and 15 417 controls,2018 gastric cancer cases and 10 007 controls,and 11 574 colorectal cancer cases and 53 955 controls.The percentage of study participants who used bisphosphonate was 2.8% among the cases and 2.9% among the controls.The meta-analysis of all the studies found no significant association between bisphosphonate use and gastrointestinal cancer.Also no statistically significant association was found in a meta-analysis of long-term follow-up studies.There was no negative association between bisphosphonate use and the incidence of esophageal cancer in the overall analysis(RR 0.96,95% CI:0.65-1.42,I 2 = 52.8%,P = 0.076) and no statistically significant association with long-term follow-up(RR 1.74,95% CI:0.97-3.10,I 2 = 58.8%,P = 0.119).No negative association was found in the studies reporting the risk of gastric cancer(RR 0.89,95% CI:0.71-1.13,I 2 = 0.0%,P = 0.472).In case of colorectal cancer,there was no association between colorectal cancer and bisphosphonate use(RR 0.62,95% CI:0.30-1.29,I 2 = 88.0%,P = 0.004) and also in the analysis with long-term follow-up(RR 0.61,95% CI:0.28-1.35,I 2 = 84.6%,P = 0.011).CONCLUSION:Oral bisphosphonate use had no significant effect on gastrointestinal cancer risk.However,this finding should be validated in randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up.

Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study

AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls.All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors.RESULTS:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus.Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL STUDIES ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF SHOULDER PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH WIND STROKE

In the present paper, the authors review some new results of acupuncture treatment of shoulder pain in stroke patients from ① application of filiform needle with different needling manipulations, ② selection and combination of acupoints, and ③ some special needling methods including point-injection. Generally, if acupuncture therapy is used in combination with other rehabilitation methods, the therapeutic effect of shoulder-pain-relief will be much better. Regarding the acupoint selection, both local acupoints and those of the yang meridians are primarily used in clinical practice. Further studies on treating shoulder pain of hemiplegia based upon the basic theory of TCM are necessary.

PROGRESS IN QUATERNARY AEOLIAN ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH

Quaternary aeolian environment researches were mainly conducted by analyzing the information carriers, extracting valuable evidences about aeolian environment changes, so to presume and reconstruct paleoenvironments. This paper formulated progress in Quaternary aeolian environment research using dune-morphological records, sedimentological records and bio-fossils records, as well as advances about chronology; presented that people should pay more attention to further synthetic study of multi-types of records including dune morphology, size, formation time, sediment supply, and their relations with wind regime in future, especially the research on dating method.

Predicting climate anomalies:A real challenge

In recent decades,the damage and economic losses caused by climate change and extreme climate events have been increasing rapidly.Although scientists all over the world have made great efforts to understand and predict climatic variations,there are still several major problems for improving climate prediction.In 2020,the Center for Climate System Prediction Research(CCSP) was established with support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.CCSP aims to tackle three scientific problems related to climate prediction—namely,El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) prediction,extended-range weather forecasting,and interannual-to-decadal climate prediction—and hence provide a solid scientific basis for more reliable climate predictions and disaster prevention.In this paper,the major objectives and scientific challenges of CCSP are reported,along with related achievements of its research groups in monsoon dynamics,land-atmosphere interaction and model development,ENSO variability,intraseasonal oscillation,and climate prediction.CCSP will endeavor to tackle key scientific problems in these areas.

Risk Management： A New Project Management Perspective

Risk management in Botswana has been very ineffective at assisting projects to be on time, on budget, and meeting client＇s/buyer＇s expectations. Traditional risk management attempts to manage, control, and direct a project through various phases, from planning and design, through procurement, and to construction. However, the risk management in Botswana seems to be either not implemented or not successful. The project performance in Botswana has a poor performance record. The researchers are attempting to identify why the traditional project/risk management is not working. In analyzing the problem in Botswana, the researchers discovered that the traditional risk management model was theoretically unsound, and designed a new project and risk model, with an entirely different approach to risk. The new model is an outgrowth of the highly successful Performance Information Procurement System （PIPS） and the Information Measurement Theory （IMT）/Kashiwagi Solution Model （KSM） concepts. The approach has been presented to some Botswana clients and academics and has received a favorable response. The development of the new risk model will lead to a huge change in the paradigm for delivering projects in Botswana. The theoretical development of the new risk model is ongoing at the University of Botswana as a part of a doctoral dissertation.

Basic Study on Perfect Push-Pull Local Ventilation

In this study, the authors experimentally investigated the changes of the mean velocity component profiles, half-widths （b12）, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress and intermittency of turbulence of a transient plane turbulent jet developing from a jet exit into a hood opening. The values of maximum mean-velocity and half-widths of the axial velocity profile along the center-line of the jet are greater than those for a fully developed two-dimensional jet. Turbulence intensity in the axial direction is not affected by the flow rate ratio. At the same time, turbulence intensity in the lateral direction becomes greater as the hood is approached and the flow rate ratio Q3/Q1 becomes larger （QI is jet flow rate from nozzle and Q3 is suction flow rate produced by the hood）. These experimental results are in accord with the distributions of production terms in the axial and lateral directions. Reynolds shear stress becomes smaller as the flow rate ratio becomes larger near the hood. Dimensionless distance y1/br2, from the center axis of the flow to the point where intermittency factor y becomes a constant value, narrows as the flow rate ratio becomes larger near the hood.