PDC钻头单齿破岩模拟仿真参数化分析技术研究

利用ABAQUS二次开发接口与Python语言建立PDC钻头单齿破岩模拟仿真插件程序,通过参数化建模,自动完成部件定义、装配、网格划分、边界条件设定、结果输出及数据文件储存的全流程功能。采用该技术分析PDC钻头单齿不同几何参数和切削参数下的破岩效率,对PDC钻头齿形优化选型和布齿设计具有重要指导意义。

高速旋转冲击钻井破岩数值模拟及现场实验

为提高深井地层破岩效率,提出螺杆高速旋转条件下配合井下冲击破岩工具的高速旋冲钻井新模式,通过数值模拟研究单个PDC齿在不同工况下岩石的动态破碎过程,并进行高速旋冲钻井现场试验。结果表明:在旋转冲击钻井中,钻头转速增加,钻头吃入地层深度减少,前进阻力增大且波动更为剧烈,岩石破碎效率提高;增大钻头上的冲击力,钻头吃入地层的深度增加,岩石破碎效率提高;增大钻头上冲击力频率,岩石破碎效率提高;螺杆钻具结合自激振荡式高速旋转冲击钻井工具形成的自激振荡式高速旋转冲击钻井技术提高了钻头转速,相对于单独螺杆钻进,提高了切削齿的吃深。

不同刃型组合的TBM滚刀破岩数值模拟研究

为了有效提高破岩效率、降低刀盘推力,本文通过数值模拟,研究了不同CCS和V型滚刀组合下的破岩过程,使用有限元方法建立了64组破岩模型,并开展全尺度回转破岩试验(RCM)验证了所建数值模型,研究的刃型组合包括:CCS-CCS-CCS,CCS-V-CCS,V-CCS-V和V-V-V,刀刃磨损量包括:0、5、10和15 mm;贯入度包括:2、4、6和8 mm。分析所获取每1组模拟的破岩效果图和破岩载荷表明:滚刀破岩效果直接受到刀刃与岩石接触区域宽度的影响;在使用V型滚刀替换CCS型滚刀时,其刀刃磨损量不应超过某个临界值,V型滚刀处于该临界值时,其刃宽与CCS型滚刀刃宽相等。

基于数值仿真的复杂岩体TBM掘进性能评估模型

为了评估全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)在复杂岩体环境中的掘进性能,本文提出了基于数值仿真的全断面TBM掘进预测模型。首先,采用4D-LSM和DDA耦合模型数值重现工程尺度完整岩体和节理岩体的TBM掘进测试过程,分析全断面TBM掘进过程中刀盘的力学响应和岩体的破坏特征;其次,研究节理间距、节理方向、岩体单轴抗压强度以及脆性指数对可钻性指数的影响;最后,引入单神经元对数值仿真预测模型进行修正,并与岩体特征模型进行对比分析,验证基于数值仿真的全断面TBM掘进性能预测模型的适用性。研究结果表明:TBM在低强度、高脆性以及节理发育的岩体中掘进效率更高,当节理面与TBM掘进方向之间的夹角为60°~75°时,最有利于TBM的运行。基于数值仿真的TBM掘进性能预测模型提供了一种经济、灵活的可用于评估复杂环境中TBM施工性能的方法。

粒子冲击钻井技术理论与现场试验

粒子冲击钻井技术作为高效破岩的前沿技术,有望成为一项解决高研磨性地层钻井速度慢的新型破岩技术,先导性试验评价是理论研究成果进入工业化应用阶段之前不可或缺的重要环节.为此,开展了粒子射流冲击破碎大理岩的室内实验,在粒子射流速度大于100m/s,冲击频率约为500万次/min的实验条件下,粒子射流的破岩体积是水射流破岩体积的3～4倍.进而设计了粒子钻井的工艺流程,研制出与之配套的粒子注入系统、粒子冲击钻头及粒子回收系统,其中关键设备高压粒子罐工作压力为30MPa,磁选机的处理量介于70～120 m3/h,渣浆泵排量为65 m3/h,满足了粒子钻进的安全均匀注入与粒子高效的回收.在四川盆地龙岗气田022 H7井的上三叠统须家河组高研磨性的砂岩地层中成功地开展了第1次现场试验,试验井段比该井上部井段的机械钻速提高了92.7％,表明该技术在提高钻井速度方面具有广阔的应用前景.

Numerical simulation study of the failure evolution process and failure mode of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways

Based on the safety coefficient method,which assigns rock failure criteria to calculate the rock mass unit,the safety coefficient contour of surrounding rock is plotted to judge the distribution form of the fractured zone in the roadway.This will provide the basis numerical simulation to calculate the surrounding rock fractured zone in a roadway.Using the single factor and multi-factor orthogonal test method,the evolution law of roadway surrounding rock displacements,plastic zone and stress distribution under different conditions is studied.It reveals the roadway surrounding rock burst evolution process,and obtains five kinds of failure modes in deep soft rock roadway.Using the fuzzy mathematics clustering analysis method,the deep soft surrounding rock failure model in Zhujixi mine can be classified and patterns recognized.Compared to the identification results and the results detected by geological radar of surrounding rock loose circle,the reliability of the results of the pattern recognition is verified and lays the foundations for the support design of deep soft rock roadways.

Formation mechanism of rockburst in deep tunnel adjacent to faults:Implication from numerical simulation and microseismic monitoring

Rockbursts were frequently encountered in the construction of deeply buried tunnels at the Jinping-II hydropower station, Southwest China. In those cases, the existence of large structural planes, such as faults, was usually observed near the excavation boundaries. The formation mechanism of the “11·28” rockburst, which was a typical rockburst and occurred in a drainage tunnel under a deep burial depth, high in-situ stress state and complex geological conditions, has been difficult to explain. Realistic failure process analysis(RFPA3D) software was adopted to numerically simulate the whole failure process of the surrounding rock mass around the tunnel subjected to excavation. The spatial distribution of acoustic emission derived from numerical simulation contributed to explaining the mechanical responses of the process. Analyses of the stress, safety reserve coefficient and damage degree were performed to reveal the effect of faults on the formation of rockbursts in the deep tunnel. The existence of faults results in the formation of stress anomaly areas between the tunnel and the fault. The surrounding rock mass failure propagates toward the fault from the initial failure, to different degrees. The relative positions and angles of faults play significant roles in the extent and development of surrounding rock mass failure, respectively. The increase in the lateral stress coefficient leads to the aggravation of the surrounding rock mass damage, especially in the roof and floor of the tunnel. Moreover, as the rock strength-stress ratio increases, the failure mode of the near-fault tunnel gradually changes from the stress-controlled type to the compound-controlled type. These findings were consistent with the microseismic monitoring results and field observations, which was helpful to understand the mechanical behavior of tunnel excavation affected by faults. The achievements of this study can provide some references for analysis of the failure mechanisms of similar deep tunnels.

Numerical simulation study on hard-thick roof inducing rock burst in coal mine

In order to reveal the dynamic process of hard-thick roof inducing rock burst, one of the most common and strongest dynamic disasters in coal mine, the numerical simulation is conducted to study the dynamic loading effect of roof vibration on roadway surrounding rocks as well as the impact on stability. The results show that, on one hand, hard-thick roof will result in high stress concentration on mining surrounding rocks; on the other hand, the breaking of hard-thick roof will lead to mining seismicity, causing dynamic loading effect on coal and rock mass. High stress concentration and dynamic loading combination reaches to the mechanical conditions for the occurrence of rock burst, which will induce rock burst. The mining induced seismic events occurring in the roof breaking act on the mining surrounding rocks in the form of stress wave. The stress wave then has a reflection on the free surface of roadway and the tensile stress will be generated around the free surface. Horizontal vibration of roadway surrounding particles will cause instant changes of horizontal stress of roadway surrounding rocks; the horizontal displacement is directly related to the horizontal stress but is not significantly correlated with the vertical stress; the increase of horizontal stress of roadway near surface surrounding rocks and the release of elastic deformation energy of deep surrounding coal and rock mass are immanent causes that lead to the impact instability of roadway surrounding rocks. The most significant measures for rock burst prevention are controlling of horizontal stress and vibration strength.Key words

Numerical simulation on effects of embedded crack on rock fragmentation by a tunnel boring machine cutter

Based on the simplification of cutting process,a series of numerical simulations were conducted using a 2-D discrete element method to explore the effects of embedded cracks with different dip angles on the rock fragmentation process,cutting characteristics and breaking efficiency.The results show that the simulated results are in a good agreement with previous theoretical study.The main crack propagates to the top tip of embedded crack,except when the dip angle is 90°.Side cracks which are more fully developed in the rocks containing embedded cracks tend to propagate towards the free surface.According to the history of vertical cutting force,it is shown that the peak force is decreased by embedded cracks.The study on cutting efficiency was conducted by combining the quantity of crack and cutting energy.And the results show that breaking efficiency can be treated as a decreasing or a increasing function when the dip angle is less or larger than 30°,respectively.Breaking efficiency is higher than that in intact rock when the dip angle is larger than 45°.

Numerical simulations of failure behavior around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression

Pre-existing discontinuities change the mechanical properties of rock masses,and further influence failure behavior around an underground opening.In present study,the failure behavior in both Inner and Outer zones around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression was investigated through numerical simulations.First,the micro parameters of the PFC^(3D) model were carefully calibrated using the macro mechanical properties determined in physical experiments implemented on jointed rock models.Then,a parametrical study was undertaken of the effect of stress condition,joint dip angle and joint persistency.Under low initial stress,the confining stress improves the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock masses;while under high initial stress,the surrounding rock mass failed immediately following excavation.At small dip angles the cracks around the circular opening developed generally outwards in a step-path failure pattern;whereas,at high dip angles the surrounding rock mass failed in an instantaneous intact rock failure pattern.Moreover,the stability of the rock mass around the circular opening deteriorated significantly with increasing joint persistency.

Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of broken and soft rock roadway

A similar material model and a numerical simulation were constructed and are described herein. The deformation and failure of surrounding rock of broken and soft roadway are studied by using these models. The deformation of the roof and floor, the relative deformation of the two sides and the deformation of the deep surrounding rock are predicted using the model. Measurements in a working mine are compared to the results of the models. The results show that the surrounding rock shows clear theological features under high stress conditions. Deformation is unequally distributed across the whole section. The surrounding rock exhibited three deformation stages： displacement caused by stress concentration, theological displacement after the digging effects had stabilized and displacement caused by supporting pressure of the roadway. Floor heave was serious, accounting for 65% of the total deformation of the roof and floor. Floor heave is the main reason for failure of the surrounding rock. The reasons for deformation of the surrounding rock are discussed based on the similar material and numerical simulations.

Improved parameter selection method for mesoscopic numerical simulation test of direct tensile failure of rock and concrete

In order to numerically simulate the failure process of rock and concrete under uniaxial tension,an improved method of selecting the mechanical properties of materials was presented for the random mechanic parameter model based on the mesoscopic damage mechanics.The product of strength and elastic modulus of mesoscale representative volume element was considered to be one of the mechanical property parameters of materials and assumed to conform to specified probability distributions to reflect the heterogeneity of mechanical property in materials.With the improved property parameter selection method,a numerical program was developed and the simulation of the failure process of the rock and concrete specimens under static tensile loading condition was carried out.The failure process and complete stress-strain curves of a class of rock and concrete in stable fracture propagation manner under uniaxial tension were obtained.The simulated macroscopic mechanical behavior was compared with the available laboratory experimental observation,and a reasonable agreement was obtained.Verification shows that the improved parameter selection method is suitable for mesoscopic numerical simulation in the failure process of rock and concrete.

Dynamic model of normal behavior of rock fractures

Based on laboratory tests of artificial fractures in mortar material, established the dynamic constitutive model of normal behaviour of rock fracture,. The tests were systematically conducted under quasi-static and dynamic monotonic loading conditions. The fractures were of different numbers of asperities in contact and were subsequently of different initial contact areas, which imitated the natural rock fractures. The rate of compressive load applied normal to the fractures covers a wide range from 10–1 MPa/s (quasi-static) up to 103 MPa/s (highly dynamic). The normal stress-closure responses of fractures were measured for different loading rates. Based on the stress-closure relation curves measured, a nonlinear (hyperbolic) dynamic model of fracture, normal behaviour, termed as dynamic BB model, was proposed, which was modified from the existing BB model of static normal behaviour of fractures by taking into account the effect of loading rate.

Finite element analysis for blasting law of jointed rock mass

On the basis of Mises strength theory,rock models are built including vertical,horizontal and diagonal joints to simulate jointed rock mass under blasting load by using FEM. The dynamic procedures of jointed rock mass under blasting are quantified and the effective stress-time curves of typical elements are compared to analyze the barrier of joints to the stress wave. The blasting law was studied according to the process of computer simulation and the effect of blasting,and some suggestions were given for solving the problems of overbreak and underbreak.

An improved three-dimensional spherical DDA model for simulating rock failure

In this paper, a discontinuous numerical model, namely SDDARF3D(three-dimensional spherical discontinuous deformation analysis for rock failure), is proposed for simulating the whole process of rock failure. Firstly, within the framework of the classical discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA) method, the formulation of three-dimensional spherical DDA(3D SDDA) is deduced; secondly, a bonding and cracking algorithm is constructed and the SDDARF3 D model is proposed; thirdly, corresponding VC++ calculation code is developed and some verification examples are calculated. The simulated results can intuitively reproduce the failure phenomena of rock mass, indicating that the proposed SDDARF3 D numerical model is correct and effective.

Discontinuous deformation and displacement analysis: From continuous to discontinuous

A discontinuous deformation and displacement(DDD) analysis method is proposed for modelling the rock failure process. This method combines the rock failure process analysis(RFPA) method(based on finite element method) and discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA) method. RFPA is used to simulate crack initiation, propagation and coalescence processes of rock during the small deformation state. The DDA method is used to simulate the movement of blocks created by the multiple cracks modelled by the RFPA. The newly developed DDD method is particularly suitable for modelling both crack propagation and block movement during the rock failure process because of the natural and convenient coupling of continuous and discontinuous deformation analyses. The proposed method has been used to simulate crack initiation, propagation and coalescence within a slope as well as the block movement during the landslide process. Numerical modelling results indicate that the proposed DDD method can automatically simulate crack propagation and block movement during the rock failure process without degrading accuracy.