形状记忆破岩装置研究

针对岩体破碎作业过程中产生振动、环境污染、安全等技术难题,研究开发新型破岩装置。设计制作以TiNi形状记忆合金管为压力元件的形状记忆破岩装置,阐明了形状记忆破岩装置的工作原理,并对其破裂力进行力学分析和室内混凝土破裂实验验证。结果表明:该破岩装置具有很强的破裂力,破岩速度快,可以实现对混凝土的破裂。

矿用液压支架辅助破岩装置的研究与设计

为了破碎采煤工作面顶部的突出岩石,减少采煤机截齿的磨损,研究设计了矿用液压支架辅助破岩装置,介绍了该装置的结构组成及驱动方式,详细阐述了该装置的工作原理、安装方式以及操作流程。通过采用40 MPa、45 MPa、50 MPa的高压水射流压力对岩石样本进行模拟实验,结果表明,该装置横向移动、纵向移动以及岩石切割与破碎均能达到设计要求,且装置强度可承受实验高压水射流的反冲击。本装置在破岩时可远程操作,与传统爆破破岩方式相比,具有冲击力可调、易于操作、不会产生火花、作业安全以及辅助降尘等特点。

复合运动破岩实验装置的改进设计

针对原复合运动破岩实验装置存在的不足,对该装置的传动系统、岩石夹持系统及部分测量装置进行了改进设计。改进后,整机传动更简单、平稳、可靠,操作更方便。

CO_2液-气相变膨胀破岩技术

CO_2液-气相变膨胀破岩技术具有鲜明的特点,受到采矿及爆破领域的青睐。当前,该技术的应用已由煤矿拓展至露天非煤矿山。主要介绍了CO_2液-气相变膨胀破岩技术历史沿革、破岩装置、破岩机理、破岩能力等,以供参考。

二氧化碳液-气相变膨胀破岩技术及应用

通过阐述CO2液-气相变膨胀破岩技术的历史沿革、技术原理和破岩装置,结合露天台阶破岩、块体破岩、孤石破岩、隧道掘进工程应用案例,说明了CO2液-气相变膨胀破岩技术是一种污染小、危害小的新型破岩方法,可以解决特殊环境下不能使用炸药爆破破岩的难题。作为一种新型破岩方法,其相变机理、孔内应力场变化规律、与炸药破岩效果对比、破岩装置结构及材料优化等还需要深入研究,在全国范围内形成规范管理的模式还有待进一步推进。

Energy consumption in rock fragmentation at intermediate strain rate

In order to determine the relationship among energy consumption of rock and its fragmentation, dynamic strength and strain rate, granite, sandstone and limestone specimens were chosen and tested on large-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipment with half-sine waveform loading at the strain rates ranging from 40 to 150 s- 1. With recorded signals, the energy consumption, strain rate and dynamic strength were analyzed. And the fragmentation behaviors of specimens were investigated. The experimental results show that the energy consumption density of rock increases linearly with the total incident energy. The energy consumption density is of an exponent relationship with the average size of rock fragments. The higher the energy consumption density, the more serious the fragmentation, and the better the gradation of fragments. The energy consumption density takes a good logarithm relationship with the dynamic strength of rock. The dynamic strength of rock increases with the increase of strain rate, indicating higher strain rate sensitivity.

Experimental study of a new multifunctional device for rock fragmentation

A new multifunctional testing device for rock fragmentation was introduced, which can conduct many experiments such as single cutting under static load, crushing under impact load, thrusting under static load and cutting-impact test under the dynamic and static load. The results of granite and concrete抯 experiments with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) flat cutters and carbide alloy cutters under different loadings show that the device has good performance, and the characteristics of broken rock under the combined loads are similar to that under the single static pressure or impact crushing the rock, and the combined loads can increase the effect of rock fragmentation obviously. The experimental methods and effects have the important meaning for studying new drill-ing tool on hard rock fragmentation.