机械扩孔煤体增透应力变化规律研究

机械扩孔作为一种新型煤层卸压增透强化措施,可广泛适用于低透气性瓦斯煤层。为了探究机械扩孔应力演化规律,通过理论分析,揭示机械扩孔应力分布特征,以车集煤矿2616煤层为研究背景,借助ABAQUS数值模拟软件分析扩孔过程中煤层应力演化规律。结果表明:机械扩孔后孔洞周围煤体应力场存在动态演化过程,由内向外呈圆环状分布,依次为破碎区、塑性区、弹性区和原始应力区;机械扩孔过程中造穴阶段应力扰动范围和应力集中情况都显著大于钻进阶段。

温度冲击下煤的微观结构变化与断裂机制

为研究温度冲击下煤的微观结构变化及其损伤断裂机制,以干燥颗粒煤为研究对象,分别开展了煤样的冷冲击和热冷冲击试验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测图像结果,分析对比了两种温度冲击前后煤样微观形貌、裂缝分布、开裂和延伸情况,结合断裂力学理论分析了煤样内部微裂缝的开裂机制和扩展方向,并通过ANSYS有限元软件模拟了微裂缝扩展时的应力场和位移场的分布情况,揭示了煤样的断裂机制。研究结果表明,两种温度冲击对煤的结构均造成了不同程度的破坏,温度冲击所形成的热应力最终导致了原始裂纹和新生裂纹的扩展和延伸;温度冲击下所产生的裂纹形式主要有沿晶裂纹、穿晶裂纹、翼型裂纹、交叉裂纹、枝须状裂纹和网状裂纹;分析结果表明,温差愈大,所产生的温度热应力愈大,热冷冲击所产生的裂缝的数量更多、扩展更充分,对煤样的破坏更严重,因此,热冷冲击的破煤效果更好。

Analysis of key technologies and development of integrated digital processing system for cast blasting design

Casting blast can greatly reduce the stripping cost and improve the production capacity of opencast coal mines. Key technologies including high bench blasting, inclined hole, millisecond blasting, pre-splitting blasting and casting blast parameters determination which have influence on the effect of casting blast have been researched with the combination of the ballistic theory and experience in mines. The integrated digital processing system of casting blast was developed in order to simplify the design process of casting blast, improve working efficiency and veracity of design result and comprehensively adopt the software programming method and the theory of casting blast. This system has achieved five functions, namely, the 3D visualization graphics management, the intelligent management of geological information, the intelligent design of casting blast, the analysis and prediction of the blasting effect and the automatic output of the design results. Long-term application in opencast coal mines has shown that research results can not only reduce the specific explosive consumption and improve the blasting effect, but also have high value of popularization and application.