破相 转化 意象——略论雕塑《八女投江》艺术特色

雕塑创作本体语言的延展和创作者的造型习惯、认识及文化结构之间的关联,是否能实现主题性美术创作或现实题材创作的当代性转化,是现在美术创作者绕不开的话题。《八女投江》雕塑创作即是对这个问题的实践性探讨,本文围绕破相、转化和意象对这一主题创作进行了梳理。

熊十力体用哲学的展开及其取向

熊十力在其"新唯识论"思考中,将对真实存在的探求展开为"破相显性"、"即用显体"与"作用见性"三个逻辑环节,从而将传统体用哲学展开为一个过程。在此基础上,熊氏对于主体、实体与现象世界三者之间的关系作出了有益的阐释。但他最终却走向了"摄用归体"的歧途,乖离了现实而突出单纯的超越性绝对实体。

幸福曾经那样痛过

娘老了，说起话采絮絮叨叨，没个主题，还没完没了。我和妻都忙，没功夫听她说闲话，娘很多时候便只能对着阳台上的花花草草独语发愣。

Prediction of blast-induced ground vibrations via genetic programming

Excessive ground vibrations, due to blasting, can cause severe damages to the nearby area. Hence, the blast-induced ground vibration prediction is an essential tool for both evaluating and controlling the adverse consequences of blasting. Since there are several effective variables on ground vibrations that have highly nonlinear interactions, no comprehensive model of the blast-induced vibrations are available. In this study, the genetic expression programming technique was employed for prediction of the frequency of the adjacent ground vibrations. Nine input variables were used for prediction of the vibration frequencies at different distances from the blasting face. A high coefficient of determination with low mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) was achieved that demonstrated the suitability of the algorithm in this case. The proposed model outperformed an artificial neural network model that was proposed by other authors for the same dataset.

Effect of rapid cold stamping on fracture behavior of long strip S′phase in Al−Cu−Mg alloy

High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction techniques were used to study the mechanism that underlies the influence of rapid cold-stamping deformation on the fracture behavior of the elongated nanoprecipitated phase in extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy.Results show that the interface between the long strip-shaped S′phase and the aluminum matrix in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy is flat and breaks during rapid cold-stamping deformation.The breaking mechanisms are distortion and brittle failure,redissolution,and necking.The breakage of the long strip S′phase increases the contact surface between the S′phase and the aluminum matrix and improves the interfacial distortion energy.This effect accounts for the higher free energy of the S′phase than that of the matrix and creates conditions for the redissolution of solute atoms back into the aluminum matrix.The brittle S′phase produces a resolved step during rapid cold-stamping deformation.This step further accelerates the diffusion of solute atoms and promotes the redissolution of the S′phase.Thus,the S′phase necks and separates,and the long strip-shaped S′phase in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy is broken into a short and thin S′phase.

Physical simulation of rock burst induced by stress waves

The behavior of stress wave propagation in rock walls and the process of rock bursts were simulated by application tests of material similar to rock. Results show that 1) the attenuation characteristics of stress waves were related to the material proper-ties, stress waves attenuate more quickly in soft material and 2) when the explosion load was applied at the top of the roadway, the number and the length of the cracks increased with a decrease in the distance between the explosive point and roof of the roadway. When the distance was 280 mm, only some chips appeared near the source, when the distance was 210 mm, some small cracks started to appear near the road-rib and when the distance was reduced to 140 mm, larger cracks appeared at the road-rib. It can be concluded that, under a given stress the number of cracks is closely related to the intensity of stress waves. The cracks in the sur-rounding rock can be reduced by controlling the intensity of the stress waves and rock bursts can be avoided to some extent by pre-venting the formation of layered crack structures. A new experimental approach has been provided for studying rock bursts by using physical simulation.

Phase Equilibria of Hydrogen Bonding Fluid in a Slit Pore with Broken Symmetry

Phase equilibria of hydrogen bonding （HB） fluid confined in a slit pore with broken symmetry were investigated by the density functional theory incorporated with modified fundamental measure theory, where the symmetry breaking originated from the distinct interactions between fluid molecules and two walls of the slit pore. In terms of adsorption-desorption isotherms and the corresponding grand potentials, phase diagrams of HB fluid under various conditions are presented. Furthermore, through phase coexistences of laying transition and capillary condensation, the effects of HB interaction, pore width, fluid-pore interaction and the broken symmetry on the phase equilibrium properties are addressed. It is shown that these factors can give rise to apparent influences on the phase equilibria of confined HB fluid because of the competition between intermolecular interaction and fluid-pore interaction. Interestingly, a significant influence of broken symmetry of the slit pore is found, and thus the symmetry breaking can provide a new way to regulate the phase behavior of various confined fluids.

MAKING OF THE EQUIVALENT MATERIALS USED FOR STUDYING ROCK RIPPABILITY

Based on the characteristics of the ripping of rock, the simulated conditions that would be satisfied by the prototype ripping and the model ripping have been derived in this paper. In order to .nanufacture the satisfying equivalent materials for the model ripping, a new method has been set up, and the materials, which can simulate the prototype rock "Hawkesbury sandstone", have been made by using the methed.

Determination of correlation of Adjusted Blood Requirement Index with outcome in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding

AIM： To determine the correlation of Adjusted Blood Requirement Index （ABRI） with the 7th day outcome in patients presenting with acute variceal bleeding.METHODS： All patients presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage （AVH） were included. Patients with previous band ligation, sclerotherapy, gastrointestinal or hepatic malignancies were excluded. Patients were managed as per standard protocol for AVH with terlipressin and band ligation. ABRI scores were calculated using the formula outcome of alive or expired up to the 7th day after treatment. The correlation between ABRI and mortality was estimated and a receiver operative characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted.RESULTS： A total of 113 patients （76 male; 37 female） were included. On assessment, 18 were in Child＇s Pugh Class A, 82 in Class B and 13 were in Class C. The median number of blood units transfused ± inter-quartile range was 3.0 ± 2.0. The median ± inter-quartile range for ABRI was 1.3 ± 1.1. The ROC curve of ABRI for expiry showed a significantly large area of 0.848 （P 〈 0.0001; 95% CI： 0.75-0.95）. A significant correlation of log transformation of ABRI with an outcome of mortality was present （P 〈 0.0001）.

Seismic hazard mitigation for nuclear power plant

The seismic safety of nuclear power plan(tNPP)has always been a major consideration in the site selection,design,operation,and more recently recertification of existing installations. In addition to the actual NPP and all their operational and safety related support systems,the storage of spent fuel in temporary or permanent storage facilities also poses a seismic risk. This seismic risk is typically assessed with state-of-the-art modeling and analytical tools that capture everything from the ground rupture or source of the earthquake to the site specific ground shaking,taking geotechnical parameters and soilfoundationstructureinteraction (SFSI) into account to the non-linear structural response of the reactor core,the containment structure,the core cooling system and the emergency cooling system(s),to support systems,piping systems and non-structural components,and finally the performance of spent fuel storage in the probabilistically determined operational basis earthquake (OBE) or the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) scenario. The best and most meaningful validation and verification of these advanced analytical tools is in the form of full or very large scale experimental testing,designed and conducted in direct support of model and analysis tool calibration. This paper outlines the principles under which such calibration testing should be conducted and illustrates with examples the kind of testing and parameter evaluation required.

β-diversity Patterns of Plant Community in Fragmented Habitat in a Degenerated Meadow in Songnen Plain,China

A number of isolated islands of Leymus chinensis ＋ herbosa community were investigated in fragmented habitat islands, by Braun-Blanquet field survey approach, in a degenerated meadow in the Songnen Plain, China in 2007. These islands were classified as large, medium, and small scales on the basis of the island area （100-1000m2, large island; 50-100m2, middle island; 10-50m2, small island）. Each scale of the investigation involved eight islands. The responses ofβ-diversity patterns of plant taxon to the habitat fragmentation at local community and metacommunity levels were analyzed on different scales of 24 isolated islands. The results indicated that at the local community level, there were 57 species belonging to 20 families and 49 genera in large islands, 49 species belonging to 16 families and 40 genera in middle islands, and 27 species belonging to eight families and 23 genera in small islands, β-diversity indexes for species, genus and family in large, middle, and small islands varied greatly, and the highest value of the indexes was not noted in the largest island. However, the average of the data obtained at the three scales showed that across large islands, Whittaker indexes were low and Bray-Curtis similarity indexes were high, while across small islands, Whittaker indexes were high and Bray-Curtis similarity indexes were low. At the metacommunity level, Whittaker indexes for species and genus showed a great significantly negative double logarithmic correlation （p〈0.01） with the island area, whereas the Bray-Curtis indexes for species, genus and family showed a great significantly positive double logarithmic correlation （p〈0.01） with the island area. At both local community and metacommunity levels, tumovers of species and genus could respond more sensitively to spatial changes of plant diversity patterns than that of family. Hence, the species and the genus could be used for the analysis offl-diversity patterns of plant community.

Discovery of the Surface Rupture Zone on the South of Helishan in Gaotai,Gansu Province

According to a new investigation in the northern Hexi corridor,the remains of two surface rupture zones were discovered on the southern margin fault of the Helishan. One rupture has a length of approximately 7km and the other 10km. The two surface rupture zones might have been produced by the latest earthquake event. On the surface rupture is continuous scarp and free face caused by the rupture. The scarp is about 1 ～ 1. 5m high and on some sites,nearly up to 2m. According to the OSL results,the latest T1 terrace and higher flood plain forming in 3000a B. P. are dislocated by the fault. The above reveals the rupture age to be later than the T1 terrace. However,in the historical data and earthquake catalogue,we didn't find related information about the fault and surface rupture in this area. The 180 A. D. Biaoshi M8. 0 earthquake and the 756 A. D. Zhangye-Jiuquan M7. 0 earthquake are documented in historical data. It is inferred by textual research that the two earthquakes are related to the northern marginal fault of Yumushan in the south of the basin. Due to a lack of reliable evidence,there are still many arguments on this inferred conclusion. Thus we hold that the two surface rupture zones were produced by one of the two large earthquakes or other unrecorded historical event. The research on the activity and surface rupture of this fault can offer valuable information for the tectonic study and strong earthquake risk estimates of this region in the future.

Relationship between M_S≥7.0 Earthquakes in the Chinese Mainland and Tidal Coulomb Failure Stress

In this paper,we focused on earthquakes with M S≥7.0 in the Chinese mainland from1900 to 2012,calculated the lunisolar tidal Coulomb failure stress on the seismic fault plane and got the tidal phase through Schuster's test,then quantitatively analyzed the correlation between strong earthquakes in the Chinese mainland and tidal Coulomb failure stress.Research shows that among 57 strong earthquakes with focal mechanism solutions,over 71.9%took place within the tidal loading phase,with the p-value of 3.83%,indicating that strong earthquakes with M S≥7.0 in Chinese mainland have a certain correlation with lunisolar tidal Coulomb failure stress.In the active period,the p-value is4.56%,75.5%of earthquakes occurred in the tidal loading phase zone,and 50%of earthquakes occurred in the quiescence period,indicating that strong earthquakes in the active period were obviously triggered with the tidal Coulomb failure stress loading.

Interactions between background matching and disruptive colouration： Experiments using human predators and virtual crabs

Interactions between disruptive colouration and the match between prey and background spot size were manipulated in two experiments that used time taken by human ＇predators＇ to find artificial prey （virtual crab morphs） against heterogeneous backgrounds as a measure of the their camouflage. Experiment 1, in which the spots and their placement imitated the arrangement on the crab Carcinus maenas, tested whether high and low contrast spots touching the body outline （disruptive ＇edge＇ morphs） made the artificial prey more difficult to detect than when the spots did not touch the outline （non-disruptive ＇inner＇ morphs） against three different backgrounds： ＇small＇, ＇middle＇ and ＇large＇ spot size. In Experiment 2, the range of spot sizes and their positions （＇edge＇ and ＇inner＇） on the crab morphs were varied to determine the most effective combination against the ＇mid- dle＇ background. Altogether, 640 volunteers participated in these computer trials, representing a high degree of independent replication. All patterned morphs were significantly harder to detect than plain morphs, indicating that possessing at least some degree of background matching can provide camouflage. Both experiments demonstrated that various morphs, though not having the same spot sizes as the background, had similar or better survivorship as those with matching spot sizes--indicating that opti- mal camouflage did not come from background matching alone. In Experiment 2, edge-disrupted morphs consistently took longer to find than their non-disruptive counterparts. The relative effects of edge disruption, contrast, and background/prey spot size are clearly context-dependent, highlighting the complexity of prey concealment [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 718-728, 2015].

High harmonic exploring on different materials in dynamic atomic force microscopy

In atomic force microscopy(AFM), high-frequency components consisted in dynamic tip-sample interaction have been recently demonstrated as a promising technique for exploring more extensive material properties. Here we present an exploratory study of high harmonic atomic force microscopy by force-spectroscopy and high harmonic imaging. Since these components are very weak compared to the fundamental response, we firstly designed a high harmonic cantilever by tuning the second order flexural resonance frequency to an integer 6 times of its fundamental mode(i.e. ω_2=6ω_1). Moreover, it is verified that high harmonic can discern extra features than topographies on different samples with amplitude/frequency modulation(AM/FM) dynamic AFM mode. In AM mode, the first resonance amplitude and 6 th harmonic amplitude were discussed. The 6 th harmonic is more sensitive than the first order response. In FM mode, it is noted that the decaying rate of the 6 th harmonic frequency is approximately 6 multiples to the slope of the fundamental frequency shift when the tip approaches to the surface of sample. This non-destructive method was also adopted to investigate the local interlayer coupling and intercalation in the two-dimensional graphene films tentatively.

Dynamical analysis of bursting oscillations in the Chay-Keizer model with three time scales

Based on the Chay-Keizer model with three time scales, we investigate the role of the slowest variable in generating bursting oscillations in pancreaticcells. It is shown that both of the two slow processes can interact to drive fast, medium and slow bursting oscillations typically observed in pancreaticcells. Moreover, diverse patterns of electrical bursting are presented, including the "fold/fold" bursting, "fold/homoclinic" bursting, "fold/Hopf" bursting via "fold/fold" hysteresis loop, and the "fold/fold" bursting via point-point hysteresis loop. Fast-slow dynamics is used to analyze the types and generation mechanisms of these bursting oscillations. The results can be instructive for understanding the role of the slow variables and the current conductance in pancreaticcells activities.

Blow-up of p-Laplacian evolution equations with variable source power

We study the blow-up and/or global existence of the following p-Laplacian evolution equation with variable source power where Ω is either a bounded domain or the whole space RN and q（x） is a positive and continuous function defined in with 0 〈 q- infq（x） = q（x） 〈 ∞supq（x） = q＋ 〈 ∞. It is demonstrated that the equation with variable source power has much richer dynamics with interesting phenomena which depends on the interplay of q（x） and the structure of spatial domain Ω, compared with the case of constant source power. For the case that is a bounded domain, the exponent p - 1 plays a crucial role. If q＋ 〉 p - 1, there exist blow-up solutions, while if q＋ p - 1, all the solutions are global. If q-〉 p - 1, there exist global solutions, while for given q- 〈 p - 1 〈 q＋, there exist some function q（x） and such that all nontrivial solutions will blow up, which is called the Fujita phenomenon. For the case Ω = RN the Fujita phenomenon occurs if 1 q＋ q＋ ≤p--1＋p/N, while if q_ 〉 p -- 1 ＋p/N there exist global solutions.

Effect of solvent on directional drift in Brownian motion of particle/molecule with broken symmetry

The directional drifting of particles/molecules with broken symmetry has received increasing attention. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effects of various solvents on the time-dependent directional drifting of a particle with broken symmetry. Our simulations show that the distance of directional drift of the asymmetrical particle is reduced while the ratio of the drift to the mean displacement of the particle is enhanced with increasing mass, size, and interaction strength of the solvent atoms in a short time range. Among the parameters considered, solvent atom size is a particularly influential factor for enhancing the directional drift of asymmetrical particles, while the effects of the interaction strength and the mass of the solvent atoms are relatively weaker. These findings are of great importance to the understanding and control of the Brownian motion of particles in various physical, chemical, and biological processes within finite time spans.

An unusual Monteggia equivalent type 1 lesion： Diaphyseal ulna and radius fractures with a posterior elbow dislocation in a child

In this report, we describe an extremely unusual Monteggia equivalent type 1 lesion in a 10-year-old boy following a fall from a height of I m. On the plain radiographs, our patient had a particular Monteggia equivalent type 1 injury associating a posterior elbow dislocation with diaphyseal radius and ulna fractures. The patient was treated by closed reduction technique. At six months of follow-up, the frac- tures were consolidated and the elbow was stable. To our knowledge, only 8 adult cases and one pae- diatric observation with similar lesions had been reported through medical literature. Therefore, the aim of our case report is to remind this rare entity and also to provide a comprehensive review of the literature related to this uncommon lesion.

Comparison of Different Approaches of Finding the Positive Definite Metric in Pseudo-Hermitian Theories

To develop a unitary quantum theory with probabilistic description for pseudo-Hermitian systems one needs to consider the theories in a different Hilbert space endowed with a positive definite metric operator. There are different approaches to find such metric operators. We compare the different approaches of calculating positive definite metric operators in pseudo-Hermitian theories with the help of several explicit examples in non-relativistic as well as in relativistic situations. Exceptional points and spontaneous symmetry breaking are also discussed in these models.