岩石的爆破破碎程度取决于一组相互关联的因素,它们与岩石、炸药及其起爆顺序、炮孔及其布置以及巷道的类型相关。一种特定的破碎程度大多是借助于反复试验爆破方法而取得,因为爆破工程师一般可资利用的资料仅适用于普通教科书所述的一...岩石的爆破破碎程度取决于一组相互关联的因素,它们与岩石、炸药及其起爆顺序、炮孔及其布置以及巷道的类型相关。一种特定的破碎程度大多是借助于反复试验爆破方法而取得,因为爆破工程师一般可资利用的资料仅适用于普通教科书所述的一些岩石类型,然而,爆破技术远非静止不变的;新近的研究已集中于应用炸药燃烧速率数据的计算机模型,使炸药与每种类型的岩石和炮孔直径相匹配。未来的研究开发有可能定制炸药,使之在装入炮孔时与岩石特性的三维图相吻合(由凿岩作业得知岩石特性并将其储存在计算机的存储器中)。本文是珀森教授在最近举行的桑德威克凿岩工具公司(Sandvik Rock Tool)凿岩日会议上所作报告的修订稿,本文阐述破碎过程,提出一个用于测定岩石应力和破碎度的简单数学模型,讨论和分析了不同炸药的效率。展开更多
Using an MTS816.03 test system and self-designed seepage apparatus, seepage tests of saturated broken rocks were conducted, and the influence of lithology, axial stress, grain size distribution and loading rate on see...Using an MTS816.03 test system and self-designed seepage apparatus, seepage tests of saturated broken rocks were conducted, and the influence of lithology, axial stress, grain size distribution and loading rate on seepage characteristics was analyzed. The results show that： （1） Under the same axial stress （12 MPa）, the permeability of different lithologic samples increases in the order： gangue 〈 mudstone 〈 sandstone 〈 limestone. The permeability of gangue is 3 magnitudes lower than that of limestone. The absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases in the order： limestone 〈 sandstone 〈 mudstone 〈 gangue. The non-Darcy coefficient β of limestone, which is positive, is 5 magnitudes lower than that of gangue. （2） With increasing axial stress, the permeability of saturated broken sandstone decreases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases. After the axial stress exceeds 12 MPa, the curves of permeability and non-Darcy coefficient β all tend to be stable. （3） With increasing Talbol power exponent, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. （4） With increasing loading, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. When the loading rate is 0.5 kN/s, the non-Darcy coefficient β is positive.展开更多
Phase equilibria of hydrogen bonding （HB） fluid confined in a slit pore with broken symmetry were investigated by the density functional theory incorporated with modified fundamental measure theory, where the symmet...Phase equilibria of hydrogen bonding （HB） fluid confined in a slit pore with broken symmetry were investigated by the density functional theory incorporated with modified fundamental measure theory, where the symmetry breaking originated from the distinct interactions between fluid molecules and two walls of the slit pore. In terms of adsorption-desorption isotherms and the corresponding grand potentials, phase diagrams of HB fluid under various conditions are presented. Furthermore, through phase coexistences of laying transition and capillary condensation, the effects of HB interaction, pore width, fluid-pore interaction and the broken symmetry on the phase equilibrium properties are addressed. It is shown that these factors can give rise to apparent influences on the phase equilibria of confined HB fluid because of the competition between intermolecular interaction and fluid-pore interaction. Interestingly, a significant influence of broken symmetry of the slit pore is found, and thus the symmetry breaking can provide a new way to regulate the phase behavior of various confined fluids.展开更多
文摘岩石的爆破破碎程度取决于一组相互关联的因素,它们与岩石、炸药及其起爆顺序、炮孔及其布置以及巷道的类型相关。一种特定的破碎程度大多是借助于反复试验爆破方法而取得,因为爆破工程师一般可资利用的资料仅适用于普通教科书所述的一些岩石类型,然而,爆破技术远非静止不变的;新近的研究已集中于应用炸药燃烧速率数据的计算机模型,使炸药与每种类型的岩石和炮孔直径相匹配。未来的研究开发有可能定制炸药,使之在装入炮孔时与岩石特性的三维图相吻合(由凿岩作业得知岩石特性并将其储存在计算机的存储器中)。本文是珀森教授在最近举行的桑德威克凿岩工具公司(Sandvik Rock Tool)凿岩日会议上所作报告的修订稿,本文阐述破碎过程,提出一个用于测定岩石应力和破碎度的简单数学模型,讨论和分析了不同炸药的效率。
基金provided by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2013CB227900)the Ordinary University Graduate Student Research Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province for 2014 (No.KYLX_1370)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11502229 and 51404266)
文摘Using an MTS816.03 test system and self-designed seepage apparatus, seepage tests of saturated broken rocks were conducted, and the influence of lithology, axial stress, grain size distribution and loading rate on seepage characteristics was analyzed. The results show that： （1） Under the same axial stress （12 MPa）, the permeability of different lithologic samples increases in the order： gangue 〈 mudstone 〈 sandstone 〈 limestone. The permeability of gangue is 3 magnitudes lower than that of limestone. The absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases in the order： limestone 〈 sandstone 〈 mudstone 〈 gangue. The non-Darcy coefficient β of limestone, which is positive, is 5 magnitudes lower than that of gangue. （2） With increasing axial stress, the permeability of saturated broken sandstone decreases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases. After the axial stress exceeds 12 MPa, the curves of permeability and non-Darcy coefficient β all tend to be stable. （3） With increasing Talbol power exponent, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. （4） With increasing loading, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. When the loading rate is 0.5 kN/s, the non-Darcy coefficient β is positive.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.201374028 and No.21306034）, the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province （No.B2014201103）, and the Natural Science Foundation of Education Committee of Hebei Province （No.QN20131079）.
文摘Phase equilibria of hydrogen bonding （HB） fluid confined in a slit pore with broken symmetry were investigated by the density functional theory incorporated with modified fundamental measure theory, where the symmetry breaking originated from the distinct interactions between fluid molecules and two walls of the slit pore. In terms of adsorption-desorption isotherms and the corresponding grand potentials, phase diagrams of HB fluid under various conditions are presented. Furthermore, through phase coexistences of laying transition and capillary condensation, the effects of HB interaction, pore width, fluid-pore interaction and the broken symmetry on the phase equilibrium properties are addressed. It is shown that these factors can give rise to apparent influences on the phase equilibria of confined HB fluid because of the competition between intermolecular interaction and fluid-pore interaction. Interestingly, a significant influence of broken symmetry of the slit pore is found, and thus the symmetry breaking can provide a new way to regulate the phase behavior of various confined fluids.
