A test system of the permeability of broken coal samples mainly consists of a CMT5305 electronic universal test machine, crushed rock compaction containing cylinder and a self-designed seepage circuit, which is compos...A test system of the permeability of broken coal samples mainly consists of a CMT5305 electronic universal test machine, crushed rock compaction containing cylinder and a self-designed seepage circuit, which is composed of a gear pump, a reversing valve, a relief valve and other components. By using the steady penetration method, the permeability and non-Darcy flow β factor of broken coal samples under five different porosity levels were measured, the grain diameters of the coal samples were selected as 2.5-5 mm, 5-10 mm, 10-15 mm, 15-20 mm, 20-25 mm and 2.5-25 ram, respectively. After measuring the permeability under each porosity, the overfall pressure of the relief valve continuously increased until the coal sample was broken down. In this way, the flow type of liquid inside the broken coal samples changed from seepage to pipe flow. The correlation between breakdown pressure gradient （BPG） and porosity was analyzed, and the BPG was compared with the pressure gradient when seepage instability occurred. The results show that, ①the non-Darcy flow β factor was negative before broken coal samples with six kinds of diameters were broken down; ②the BPG of coal samples with a grain size of 2.5-25 mm was lower than that of the others; ③ the BPG of coal samples with a single diameter under the same porosity increased as the grain size increased; ④ the BPG could be fitted by an exponential function with porosity, and the exponent decreased as the grain size increased for coal samples with a single diameter; ⑤ the BPG was slightly less than the seepage instability pressure gradient. The change in liquid flow type from seepage to pipe flow could be regarded as the performance of the seepage instability.展开更多
The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings co...The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings coalescence of two blast holes,whereas boulder generations were observed above optimum S/B ratio.Both conditions are not acceptable because of wastage of explosive energy.Therefore,to resolve this issue,a numerical model study was conducted to optimize the S/B ratio and to envisage its effect on rock fragmentation based on utilization of explosive energy.Finite element simulation tool was used to see the extent of two blast hole influence area variation with varying S/B ratio.The better results were obtained at S/B ratio of 1:2 with optimum utilization of peak explosive energy.The performance was observed based on peak kinetic energy,peak pressure,radial and hoop stresses on centre of the two blast holes,where pressure rings coalescence.展开更多
The forms of roof break,roof fall,and effects of the region scope in a fully mechanizedtop-coal caving (FMTC) face of the 101 fully-mechanized top coal caving face ofthe Tingnan Coalmine were analyzed by UDEC and FLAC...The forms of roof break,roof fall,and effects of the region scope in a fully mechanizedtop-coal caving (FMTC) face of the 101 fully-mechanized top coal caving face ofthe Tingnan Coalmine were analyzed by UDEC and FLAC^(3D) software.The analysis resultconfirms the phenomenon of roof falling,roof-off-strata,roof breaking,first weighting,periodicweighting and stress concentration,redistributions of surrounding rock and so on.Itprovides the gist to analyze the law of roof movement,characteristic of confining pressure,and to determine the formative structure forms of the immediate roof and main roof duringthe caving process.These results and the underground pressure observation results are inagreement.展开更多
Using an MTS816.03 test system and self-designed seepage apparatus, seepage tests of saturated broken rocks were conducted, and the influence of lithology, axial stress, grain size distribution and loading rate on see...Using an MTS816.03 test system and self-designed seepage apparatus, seepage tests of saturated broken rocks were conducted, and the influence of lithology, axial stress, grain size distribution and loading rate on seepage characteristics was analyzed. The results show that： （1） Under the same axial stress （12 MPa）, the permeability of different lithologic samples increases in the order： gangue 〈 mudstone 〈 sandstone 〈 limestone. The permeability of gangue is 3 magnitudes lower than that of limestone. The absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases in the order： limestone 〈 sandstone 〈 mudstone 〈 gangue. The non-Darcy coefficient β of limestone, which is positive, is 5 magnitudes lower than that of gangue. （2） With increasing axial stress, the permeability of saturated broken sandstone decreases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases. After the axial stress exceeds 12 MPa, the curves of permeability and non-Darcy coefficient β all tend to be stable. （3） With increasing Talbol power exponent, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. （4） With increasing loading, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. When the loading rate is 0.5 kN/s, the non-Darcy coefficient β is positive.展开更多
We conduct a computational fluid dynamics simulation to investigate the behaviors of bubble breakup in a microfluidic T-junction using volume-of-fluid method to represent the interface. The evolution of bubble mor- ph...We conduct a computational fluid dynamics simulation to investigate the behaviors of bubble breakup in a microfluidic T-junction using volume-of-fluid method to represent the interface. The evolution of bubble mor- phology and the distributions of velocity and pressure in flow field are analyzed, and the effect of width ratio between main channel and branch on the bubble mor- phology are evaluated. The results indicate that, the ＂tun- nel＂ breakup, obstructed breakup, combined breakup and non-breakup are observed during the bubble flows through the T-junctions under different condition. The whole bub- ble breakup process undergoes the extension, squeeze and pinch-off stages, while the non-breakup process experi- ences extension and pushing stages. We find that, in the squeeze stage, a local vortex flow forms at the front edge of the bubble for the ＂tunnel＂ breakup while the velocity inside the bubble is of a parabolic distribution for the obstructed breakup. Irrespective of non-breakup regimes, there is a sudden pressure drop occurring at the gas-liquid interface of the bubble in the squeeze stage, and the pres- sure drop at the front interface is far larger than that at the depression region. The transition of the bubble breakup regime through the T-junction occurs with an increase in width ratio of main channel to the branch, which sequen- tially experiences the non-breakup regime, ＂tunnel＂ breakup regime and obstructed breakup regime. The flow regime diagrams are plotted with a power-law correlation to distinguish the bubble/droplet breakup and non-breakup regimes, which also characterize the difference between bubble and droplet breakup through a T-junction.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （50974107） the University Graduate Research and Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province （CXZZI2_0924）+1 种基金 the Applied Basic Research Project of Yancheng Institute of Technology （XKR2010010） the State Key Laboratory Open Foundation of Deep Geomechanics and Underground Engineering of China University of Mining and Technology （SKLGDUEK1014）
文摘A test system of the permeability of broken coal samples mainly consists of a CMT5305 electronic universal test machine, crushed rock compaction containing cylinder and a self-designed seepage circuit, which is composed of a gear pump, a reversing valve, a relief valve and other components. By using the steady penetration method, the permeability and non-Darcy flow β factor of broken coal samples under five different porosity levels were measured, the grain diameters of the coal samples were selected as 2.5-5 mm, 5-10 mm, 10-15 mm, 15-20 mm, 20-25 mm and 2.5-25 ram, respectively. After measuring the permeability under each porosity, the overfall pressure of the relief valve continuously increased until the coal sample was broken down. In this way, the flow type of liquid inside the broken coal samples changed from seepage to pipe flow. The correlation between breakdown pressure gradient （BPG） and porosity was analyzed, and the BPG was compared with the pressure gradient when seepage instability occurred. The results show that, ①the non-Darcy flow β factor was negative before broken coal samples with six kinds of diameters were broken down; ②the BPG of coal samples with a grain size of 2.5-25 mm was lower than that of the others; ③ the BPG of coal samples with a single diameter under the same porosity increased as the grain size increased; ④ the BPG could be fitted by an exponential function with porosity, and the exponent decreased as the grain size increased for coal samples with a single diameter; ⑤ the BPG was slightly less than the seepage instability pressure gradient. The change in liquid flow type from seepage to pipe flow could be regarded as the performance of the seepage instability.
文摘The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings coalescence of two blast holes,whereas boulder generations were observed above optimum S/B ratio.Both conditions are not acceptable because of wastage of explosive energy.Therefore,to resolve this issue,a numerical model study was conducted to optimize the S/B ratio and to envisage its effect on rock fragmentation based on utilization of explosive energy.Finite element simulation tool was used to see the extent of two blast hole influence area variation with varying S/B ratio.The better results were obtained at S/B ratio of 1:2 with optimum utilization of peak explosive energy.The performance was observed based on peak kinetic energy,peak pressure,radial and hoop stresses on centre of the two blast holes,where pressure rings coalescence.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (505740720,50874089)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province(2006E203)
文摘The forms of roof break,roof fall,and effects of the region scope in a fully mechanizedtop-coal caving (FMTC) face of the 101 fully-mechanized top coal caving face ofthe Tingnan Coalmine were analyzed by UDEC and FLAC^(3D) software.The analysis resultconfirms the phenomenon of roof falling,roof-off-strata,roof breaking,first weighting,periodicweighting and stress concentration,redistributions of surrounding rock and so on.Itprovides the gist to analyze the law of roof movement,characteristic of confining pressure,and to determine the formative structure forms of the immediate roof and main roof duringthe caving process.These results and the underground pressure observation results are inagreement.
基金provided by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2013CB227900)the Ordinary University Graduate Student Research Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province for 2014 (No.KYLX_1370)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11502229 and 51404266)
文摘Using an MTS816.03 test system and self-designed seepage apparatus, seepage tests of saturated broken rocks were conducted, and the influence of lithology, axial stress, grain size distribution and loading rate on seepage characteristics was analyzed. The results show that： （1） Under the same axial stress （12 MPa）, the permeability of different lithologic samples increases in the order： gangue 〈 mudstone 〈 sandstone 〈 limestone. The permeability of gangue is 3 magnitudes lower than that of limestone. The absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases in the order： limestone 〈 sandstone 〈 mudstone 〈 gangue. The non-Darcy coefficient β of limestone, which is positive, is 5 magnitudes lower than that of gangue. （2） With increasing axial stress, the permeability of saturated broken sandstone decreases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β increases. After the axial stress exceeds 12 MPa, the curves of permeability and non-Darcy coefficient β all tend to be stable. （3） With increasing Talbol power exponent, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. （4） With increasing loading, the permeability increases, and the absolute value of the non-Darcy coefficient β decreases. When the loading rate is 0.5 kN/s, the non-Darcy coefficient β is positive.
文摘We conduct a computational fluid dynamics simulation to investigate the behaviors of bubble breakup in a microfluidic T-junction using volume-of-fluid method to represent the interface. The evolution of bubble mor- phology and the distributions of velocity and pressure in flow field are analyzed, and the effect of width ratio between main channel and branch on the bubble mor- phology are evaluated. The results indicate that, the ＂tun- nel＂ breakup, obstructed breakup, combined breakup and non-breakup are observed during the bubble flows through the T-junctions under different condition. The whole bub- ble breakup process undergoes the extension, squeeze and pinch-off stages, while the non-breakup process experi- ences extension and pushing stages. We find that, in the squeeze stage, a local vortex flow forms at the front edge of the bubble for the ＂tunnel＂ breakup while the velocity inside the bubble is of a parabolic distribution for the obstructed breakup. Irrespective of non-breakup regimes, there is a sudden pressure drop occurring at the gas-liquid interface of the bubble in the squeeze stage, and the pres- sure drop at the front interface is far larger than that at the depression region. The transition of the bubble breakup regime through the T-junction occurs with an increase in width ratio of main channel to the branch, which sequen- tially experiences the non-breakup regime, ＂tunnel＂ breakup regime and obstructed breakup regime. The flow regime diagrams are plotted with a power-law correlation to distinguish the bubble/droplet breakup and non-breakup regimes, which also characterize the difference between bubble and droplet breakup through a T-junction.
