硅橡胶在聚合物基复合材料成型中的应用

硅橡胶材料是一种优良的模具材料,它不仅具有优异的仿真性、脱模性,而且收缩率低、加工成型方便、耐热老化性能较好,同时硅橡胶还具有在很宽的温度范围内长时间保持弹性的特点,这使得其作为热膨胀模在聚合物基复合材料成型中得到了广泛应用。综合介绍了硅橡胶在聚合物基复合材料成型中的应用,系统阐述其在成型工艺中的应用研究现状,并展望了其今后的发展方向。

氟硅橡胶油封配方研制

研究了氟硅橡胶制作油封的配方和加工工艺。为解决用气相白炭黑补强的硅橡胶胶料存放过程中变硬 ,可塑度降低 ,从而逐渐失去加工性能的“结构化”现象 ,本文选择了氟硅橡胶及其合适的硫化体系 ,使用炭黑补强 ,以一个较为简单的配方组合 ,制作了高性能油封 ,该油封适合在转速 6 0 0 0 r/ min左右 ,油温长期处于 16

记录胃肠运动的硅橡胶电阻式换能器

记录胃肠运动的硅橡胶电阻式换能器首都医科大学生理教研室曲柏林，曾文红，曲瑞瑶记录测量胃肠运动是研究胃肠消化功能的一个重要方面，历来受到从事研究消化功能和临床工作者们的重视。自１８８７年Ｐｆｉｕｇｅｒ利用气囊法记录胃运动以来，以后又有许多科学工作者进行...

国产共聚氟硅橡胶耐油性探讨

试验了结构控制剂种类、硫化剂种类及其用量对国产共聚氟硅橡胶耐油性能的影响。结果表明,羟基硅油比羟基氟硅油控制结构化效果好,但耐3#标准油性能羟基氟硅油比羟基硅油要好。硫化剂双二五在共聚氟硅橡胶中耐3#油最佳。用量范围为0.6～0.8份,耐3#标准油性能依次为氟硅胶>共聚氟硅橡>耐油硅橡胶。

供氧面罩主体橡胶模设计

面罩主体是供氧面罩中一个十分重要的橡胶件,其形状曲折复杂,厚度变化大,最薄处仅为0.7mm,面罩主体裙围需与人的脸部造型完全吻合。通过对面罩主体的形体分析,在裙边与裙围转接处存在着弓形高"障碍体",橡胶模便采用了二次分型的方法,使得凸模与凹模及凸模与中模都能够分型,成型面罩主体型腔的中模,是一个大的凸台"障碍体"。面罩主体的脱模,是利用了硅橡胶面罩主体的弹性,采用了手工剥离或吹入压缩空气使其膨胀脱模的形式。在距凹模模腔0.2mm的沿周,制有1.5mm×90°的余胶槽,余胶进入余胶槽中形成飞边,凹槽边缘与型腔边缘所形成的0.20mm刃口,当面罩主体压制后脱模时,飞边能自动被刃口切落。模具结构的形式,实现了面罩主体顺利成型和脱模及飞边的处理。

A Novel Insulator and Its Characteristics

Both the ceramic and the composite insulators have their own advantages and disadvantages when compared with each other. It is a reasonable idea to combine their merits together to design a novel insulator. The key measure of the novel insulator suggested in this paper is to add an annular metal sheet coated with high temperature vulcanisation (HTV) silicone rubber (SIR) at the base of the traditional ceramic insulator cap. The HTVSIR covering on the exterior of the metal sheet can lengthen the creepage distance. The metal sheet can uniform the electric stress, reduce its maximum value and modify its direction on one insulator unit and acts as equalizing ring on an insulator string. The factors stated above are the main reasons why the novel insulator has better insulating performance, including lower leakage current and flashover voltage, especially under polluted conditions. Simultaneously, the novel insulator can overcome the disadvantages of the ordinary remedies which have been widely used to improve the performance of ceramic insulators against pollution. The experimental results obtained in the laboratory were in good agreement with the theoretical analysis and demonstrated the novel insulator's effectiveness.

Solvent Recovery from Soybean Oil/Hexane Miscella by PDMS Composite Membrane

Traditional solvent recovery in the extraction step of edible oil processing is distillation,which consumes large amounts of energy.If the distillation is replaced by membrane process,the energy consumption can be reduced greatly.In this work,two kinds of membrane,PDMS(polydimethylsiloxane) composite membrane and Zeolite filled PDMS membrane were prepared,in which asymmetric microporous PVDF(polyvinylidenefluoride) membrane prepared with phase inversion method was functioned as the microporous supporting layer in the flat-plate composite membrane.The different function compositions of the PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were characterized by reflection Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy.The surface and section of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The PDMS NF(nanofiltration) membranes were then applied in the recovery of hexane from soybean oil/hexane miscellas(1:3,mass ratio).The effects of pressure(0.5-1.5 MPa),cross-linking temperature and PDMS layer thickness on membrane performances were investigated.The results indicated that both two kinds of NF membranes were promising for solvent recovery,and zeolite filled in PDMS NF membrane could enhance the separation performance.

Polymer/Ceramic Composite Membranes and Their Application in Pervaporation Process

Pervaporation(PV),as an environmental friendly and energy-saving separation technology,has been received increasing attention in recent years.This article reviews the preparation and application of macroporous ceramic-supported polymer composite pervaporation membranes.The separation materials of polymer/ceramic composite membranes presented here include hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),chitosan(CS) and polyelectrolytes.The effects of ceramic support treatment,polymer solution properties,interfacial adhesion and incorporating or blending modification on the membrane structure and PV performance are discussed.Two in-situ characterization methods developed for polymer/ceramic composite membranes are also covered in the discussion.The applications of these composite membranes in pervaporation process are summarized as well,which contain the bio-fuels recovery,gasoline desulfuration and PV coupled proc-ess using PDMS/ceramic composite membrane,and dehydration of alcohols and esters using ceramic-supported PVA or PVA-CS composite membrane.Finally,a brief conclusion remark on polymer/ceramic composite mem-branes is given and possible future research is outlined.

Separation of Sulfur/Gasoline Mixture with Polydimethylsiloxane/ Polyetherimide Composite Membranes by Pervaporatlon

Worldwide environment has resulted in a limit on the sulfur content of gasoline.It is urgent to investigate the desulfurization of gasoline.The polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)/polyetherimide(PEI)composite membranes were prepared by casting a PDMS solution onto porous PEI substrates and characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The membranes were used for sulfur removal from gasoline by pervaporation.The effects of feed temperature,sulfur content in the feed and PDMS layer thickness on membrane performance were investigated,and an activation energy of permeation was obtained.Experimental results indicated that higher feed temperature yielded higher total flux and lower sulfur enrichment factor.The total flux varied little with the increase of sulfur content in the feed,but the sulfur enrichment factor first increased with the amount of thiophene added into the gasoline,and then the variation was little.The increase of PDMS layer thickness resulted in a smaller flux but a larger sulfur enrichment factor.The result indicates that the PDMS/PEI composite membranes are promising for desulfurization by pervaporation.

Thermal Oxidative Degradation and Ageing Performance of Silicone Rubber Filled with Attapulgite

The natural attapulgite(NAPT)was disaggregated by high-pressure homogenization technology combined with extrusion process to prepare the attapulgite with disaggregated rod crystal bundles(DAPT)and large specific surface area of 133.7 m^(2)/g.NAPT and DAPT were incorporated into the silicone rubber to obtain the composite NAPTSR and DAPT-SR by mechanical blending method,respectively.After thermal oxidative ageing at 300℃ for 0.5 h,temperature for the 5%weight loss increased greatly from 385℃ of the neat silicone rubber to 396-399℃ with addition of NAPT and DAPT.NAPT and DAPT enhanced the interaction between the filler nanoparticles and rubber matrix thus inhibited the nanoparticle agglomeration.The conservation rate of the side methyl group in NAPT-SR and DAPT-SR was greatly improved after ageing.Therefore,the thermal oxidative degradation and ageing performance of the silicone rubber composites was significantly reinforced.Moreover,DAPT could greatly restrain the growth of nanoparticles after ageing.Therefore,DAPT-SR showed the better retention of tensile strength(40.6%),elongation at break(34.9%)and tear strength(30.1%)compared with the corresponding mechanical properties of the neat silicone rubber(10.6%,7.4%,and 5.0%)after ageing.

Stress relaxation behavior and life prediction of gasket materials used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Silicone rubber gaskets are employed to keep fuel gases and oxidation in their own zones. Due to the viscosity and elasticity, the assembly force could relax when the silicone rubber is compressed in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In this work, the stress relaxation behavior of silicone rubber samples is studied under different temperatures and simulated operating conditions. The results show that the stress relaxes exponentially with time at 25% strain level, especially at higher temperature or with higher acid concentration solution. The three-term Prony series can simulate the viscoelastic behavior well, and the Master curves are established by applying a time–temperature superposition method to estimate the life of the samples. It can save approximately 50% and 78% of the test time when an operating temperature and acid solution are chosen appropriately.

Prediction of the Aging of HTV Silicone Rubber Using Chemical Concentration and Polynomial Interpolation Approach

Predicting the lifetime of polymeric insulators is one of the most important research topics in studying the life cycle of high voltage insulators in the power transmission and distribution networks. HTV （high temperature vulcanized） silicone rubber is a high performance dielectric material used within electrical power equipment, in particular transmission and distribution insulators. In this paper, we proposed a new approach using the Newton＇s method and Lagrange method to predict the aging of HTV silicone rubber that are subjected to multiple stress conditions. Concentration of chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, silicon and aluminum were obtained and evaluated using a SEM （scanning electron microscope） with EDS （energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy）. Curve fitting using the Newton＇s and Lagrange interpolation methods yield useful linear interpolation equations that describe the aging characteristic of the specimens under study. This approach can be applied to predict the change in chemical concentration of polymeric insulators over the life cycle with good accuracy.

Preparation and Characterization of Silicone Rubber Membrane

Pervaporation membrane with preferential permeation for organiccompounds over water was prepared and characterized. Selection ofmembrane material and the effects of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),cross-linker, and catalyst concentrations on performances ofpervaporation membrane at room temperature were discussed. Inaddition, the time of cross-linking, and the kinds of basic plate inthe process of preparation were tested. The formulation ofpervaporation membrane material was determined.

Improvement of surface hydrophobicity on silicone rubber modified by CF_4 radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma

In order to improve the surface hydrophobicity, silicone rubber （SIR） samples were exposed to CF4 radio frequency （RF） capacitively coupled plasma （CCP）. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） were used to observe the variation of the functional groups of the modified SIR. Static contact angle （SCA） was employed to estimate the change of hydrophobicity of the modified SIR. The surface energy of SIR is reduced largely from 27.37 mJ/m^2 of original SIR sample to 2.94 mJ/m^2 of SIR sample treated by CF4 CCP modification at RF power of 200 W for a treatment time of 5 rnin. According to the XPS, ATR-FTIR and surface energy analysis, it is suggested that the improvement of hydrophobicity on the modified SIR surface is mainly ascribed to the decrease of surface energy, which is caused by the cooperation of the fluosilicic structure of Si--F or Si--F2 and the fluoric groups of C--CFn induced by the methyl replacement reaction and residual methyl groups of SIR surface.

Study on properties of tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker/silicone rubber foam composites

In this paper, the microcellular silicone rubber foams, strengthened with tetrapod-like Zinc Oxide whisker（T-ZnOw） are prepared. Through further characterization, it can be seen that the average cell diameter size of the filled with T-ZnOw is reduced. The distribution uniformity of microcellulars is improved obviously with increasing T-ZnOw filler. The reason that introduction of T-ZnOw can greatly enhance mechanical properties of the microcellular silicone rubber foams is its good interfacial adhesion with the matrix contributes. It is also found that the reducing effects of T-ZnOw on the compressive stress relaxation ratio of microcellular silicone rubber foams, and the improvement is obvious with increasing T-ZnOw filler.

Improving the Combined State of Rubber-Clay CompositeInterface by Applying Coupling Agent

The surface modification of clay fines was carried out by using silanecoupling agent. By means of IR spectra etc, a study was made on the combined state ofcoupling agent and clay. A rubber--clay composite material with excellent performancehas been prepared.