PAC改性粘土处理蓝藻水华对水环境的影响

利用改性粘土治理蓝藻水华堆积的湖泊近岸区域以及发生水华的养殖水体成为应急治理蓝藻的重要措施,然而负载有毒藻体的改性粘土沉积水体可能引发的安全性风险尚缺乏研究.选取PAC改性粘土作为研究对象,通过模拟实验,研究改性粘土处理蓝藻水华后沉积水体对负载的藻细胞结构、水体营养盐与藻毒素的释放与削减以及对其他水体功能性细菌(硝化、反硝化细菌)的影响.结果表明,PAC改性粘土的施用对低水华水体蓝藻细胞的去除率为96.04%±0.99%,高水华水体与低水华水体施用的去除率之间差异不显著,PAC改性粘土的施用能够在较长的时间内有效地控制水体中的蓝藻浓度.透射电镜结果表明,PAC改性粘土沉降蓝藻第4 d后,蓝藻细胞膜出现了一定程度的不完整,细胞内规则的类囊体片层结构出现了实质性损伤.随着粘土负载蓝藻细胞的损伤,水体中的总可溶性氮浓度迅速上升,但总可溶性磷浓度仍可在较长一段时间内维持在较低水平.PAC改性粘土施用后,水体的总细菌数与空白对照组趋于一致,但硝化、反硝化细菌数却呈显著下降趋势.PAC改性粘土施用下的藻毒素释放风险主要集中在高水华水体.高水华水体中,PAC改性粘土施用导致藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR加速释放,其最高峰值分别达到空白对照组的1.69±0.09和2.04±0.09倍,但水体MC-LR浓度达到安全限(<1μg/L)的时间明显比空白对照组早8 d.此外,PAC改性粘土的施用并没有导致水体中Al^(3+)和Cl^-浓度超标.

Study on the Microorganisms Related with Nitrogen Cycle in Sediments of Hongfeng Lake

Hongfeng Lake,a key drinking-water source located in Karst areas,was selected to analyze the microorganisms associated with nitrogen cycle.Dilution plate method and most probable number method were used to determine the distribution condition of ammonifier,ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifier in surface sediment in eight sites.The results showed that the amount of ammonifier,ammonium-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifier in eight sites were 104-106 CFU/g,105-107 MPN/g,105-108 MPN/g and 105-109 MPN/g,respectively.The sampling site with the largest amount of denitrifier was Daposhang,and the other sampling sites had no significant difference;the sampling site of Huyudong bridge had the largest amount of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria;the amount of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in Xinzhuang was higher than that of other sampling sites;the sampling site of Daposhang had the larger amount of denitrifier.