2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline （MMA） was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The eff...2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline （MMA） was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The effects of ionic liquid type, dosage of ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C, reaction temperature and reaction pressure on o-nitrotoluene conversion and MMA selectivity were investigated. The results indicated that the imidazolium-based acidic ionic liquid which contains SO3H-functionalized cation showed higher selectivity to MMA than other acidic ionic liquids used in this work. Using 1-（propyl-3-sulfonate）-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate （[HSO3-pmim][HSO4]） as the acid catalyst, the selectivity to MMA was as high as 67.6% at 97.8% of o-nitrotoluene conversion. As 3% Pt/C increased from 0.01 g to 0.025 g, the selectivity to MMA decreased from 73.4% to 62.5%, because of the hydrogenation of intermediate o-methyl-phenylhydroxylamine to o-toluidine becoming more dominant. An increase in hydrogen pressure also had obviously dramatic effect in lowering the MMA selectivity. After easy separation from the products, the catalyst system could be reused at least 3 times.展开更多
A waste heat recovery and denitrification system was developed for improving energy conservation and emissions control especially for control of PM2.5 particles and haze. The system uses enhanced heat and mass transfe...A waste heat recovery and denitrification system was developed for improving energy conservation and emissions control especially for control of PM2.5 particles and haze. The system uses enhanced heat and mass transfer techniques in a packed heat exchange tower with self-rotation and zero-pressure spraying, low temperature NO oxidation by ozone, and neutralization with an alkali solution. Operating data in a test project gave NOx in the exhaust flue gas of less than 30 mg/Nm3 with an ozone addition rate of 8 kg/h and spray water p H of 7.5–8, an average heat recovery of 3 MW, and an average heat supply of 7.2 MW.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21106134） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zlaejlang Province （Y4100671）.
文摘2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline （MMA） was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The effects of ionic liquid type, dosage of ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C, reaction temperature and reaction pressure on o-nitrotoluene conversion and MMA selectivity were investigated. The results indicated that the imidazolium-based acidic ionic liquid which contains SO3H-functionalized cation showed higher selectivity to MMA than other acidic ionic liquids used in this work. Using 1-（propyl-3-sulfonate）-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate （[HSO3-pmim][HSO4]） as the acid catalyst, the selectivity to MMA was as high as 67.6% at 97.8% of o-nitrotoluene conversion. As 3% Pt/C increased from 0.01 g to 0.025 g, the selectivity to MMA decreased from 73.4% to 62.5%, because of the hydrogenation of intermediate o-methyl-phenylhydroxylamine to o-toluidine becoming more dominant. An increase in hydrogen pressure also had obviously dramatic effect in lowering the MMA selectivity. After easy separation from the products, the catalyst system could be reused at least 3 times.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB228301)
文摘A waste heat recovery and denitrification system was developed for improving energy conservation and emissions control especially for control of PM2.5 particles and haze. The system uses enhanced heat and mass transfer techniques in a packed heat exchange tower with self-rotation and zero-pressure spraying, low temperature NO oxidation by ozone, and neutralization with an alkali solution. Operating data in a test project gave NOx in the exhaust flue gas of less than 30 mg/Nm3 with an ozone addition rate of 8 kg/h and spray water p H of 7.5–8, an average heat recovery of 3 MW, and an average heat supply of 7.2 MW.
