理想的硫制剂新剂型—50％硫悬浮剂

硫磺产量丰富,价格便宜,药效可靠,毒性很低,使用安全,早在公元之前一千年即开始使用,至今仍是国内外使用量很大的杀菌剂品种之一。世界各国硫磺用量占杀菌剂的比重是较大的:如日本占67％,美国占65％,意大利占51％,加拿大占42％、西德占30％(据FAO 1961～1965年平均资料)。六十年代下半期出现内吸性杀菌剂,到七十年代下半期,普遍发生了内吸性杀菌剂的抗药性问题。八十年代人们对硫磺制剂又重视起来,硫磺用量又有增长的趋势。据世界硫协欧洲办事处估计,1985年世界农业用硫磺达到40万吨,1990年达到100万吨。 1987年3月25～27日在法国尼斯城召开了《国际元素硫农业应用讨论会》。

3种硫制剂对枸杞白粉病防治效果的比较研究

以"宁杞7号"为研究对象,研究了硫制剂嘉流、成标、明塞在不同浓度下对枸杞白粉病的防治效果。试验结果表明,明塞80%硫磺水分散粒剂对枸杞白粉病有较显著的防效。其中,明塞80%硫磺水分散粒剂300倍液对枸杞白粉病防效最佳为83.82%,该药剂适用于枸杞白粉病的防治。

猪有机磷、氯、硫制剂中毒的防治措施

猪有机磷农药中毒是猪误食、误饮或皮肤沾染有机磷农药或采食了被有机磷农药污染的饲草料而引起的中毒;猪有机氯农药中毒是由于猪误食、误饮或皮肤沾染有机氯农药而引起的中毒性疾病;猪常见的有机硫制剂中毒见于丙硫咪唑中毒。现探讨了以上三种中毒病的病因、症状特点,重点介绍应用土法良方疗法,效果良好。

猪有机磷、氯、硫制剂中毒症状与防治措施

猪有机磷农药中毒是猪误食、误饮或皮肤沾染有机磷农药或采食了被有机磷农药污染的饲草料而引起的中毒;猪有机氯农药中毒是由于猪误食、误饮或皮肤沾染有机氯农药而引起的中毒性疾病;猪常见的有机硫制剂中毒见于丙硫咪唑中毒。本文探讨了以上3种中毒病的病因、症状特点,重点介绍应用土法良方疗法,效果良好。

阿斯特拉泽尼卡公司开发出喹硫平缓释制剂Seroquel SR

2007年3月马德里欧洲精神病学会会议上公布的两项Ⅲ期临床研究数据显示，阿斯特拉泽尼卡公司开发的非典型抗精神病药喹硫平（quefiapine）缓释制剂Seroquel SR可改善精神分裂症病人症状，并降低其复发率。这是首次较完整地公布这些临床结果，它支持了该缓释制剂于2006年7月和10月分别在美国和欧盟及加拿大的申报。

甲基硫菌灵·乙霉威混配制剂的液相色谱分析

本文采用反相高效液相色谱外标法对6.5%甲基硫菌灵·乙霉威粉剂的有效成分进行定量测定,采用Nova-PakC18色谱柱,以甲醇:水(60:40)作为流动相,检测波长为254nm。该方法平均回收率分别为99.31%和98.91%,变异系数分别为0.32%和0.95%。

葡萄休眠期及萌芽前的药剂使用

在葡萄树休眠期或发芽前使用药剂,可以大大减少病菌和害虫的数量,成为全年防治中的重要内容。从使用时间上看,农药的使用分为落叶前后的使用、发芽前的使用两个时期。一、落叶前后这个阶段使用的药剂一般为硫制剂或铜制剂,针对落叶和枝条,杀灭休眠期病菌。可以在开始落叶时、冬季修剪后,各使用1次;对于清园比较认真的田块,只使用1次,在冬季修剪后使用。

果园石硫合剂的配制与使用

石硫合剂具有较强的渗透性和侵蚀病菌细胞壁、害虫体壁能力，是果树生产中常用的既能杀菌又能杀虫、杀螨的无机硫制剂，可防治果树白粉病、锈病、腐烂病、褐斑病、黑星病、溃疡病及红蜘蛛、介壳虫、蚜虫等多种病虫害。针对果农配制、使用石硫合剂过程中存在的不规范行为，笔者根据多年生产实践总结了石硫合剂农药的配制方法、使用技术、注意事项等，供果农朋友参考。

2种含硫黄制剂的微生物限度检查方法研究

目的:建立对2种含硫黄制剂(硫软膏和喘舒片)进行微生物限度检查的方法。方法:硫软膏供试液分别采用常规法、培养基稀释法、中和(加入中和剂亚硫酸钠)-常规法等进行验证试验,喘舒片供试液分别采用常规法、培养基稀释法和离心沉淀-薄膜过滤法、中和-培养基稀释法进行验证试验,并对筛选出的可行方法进行控制菌验证试验。结果:硫软膏检查中只有中和法对各菌的菌回收率均高于70%;喘舒片检查中细菌计数中只有中和法的菌回收率高于70%;控制菌验证试验中试验组结果均为阳性。结论:加入亚硫酸钠后可中和制剂中所含的硫黄而消除供试品抑菌活性。硫软膏细菌计数采用中和-常规法,喘舒片细菌计数采用中和-培养基稀释法,霉菌和酵母菌计数、控制菌检查采用常规法,试验结果符合要求。建立的方法简便、有效、可行,可作为这2种含硫黄制剂的微生物限度检查方法。

Depression effect of pseudo glycolythiourea acid in flotation separation of copper-molybdenum

Pseudo glycolythiourea acid（PGA） was synthesized and used as depressant for flotation separation of Cu and Mo.The results indicate that a low amount of PGA has strong depression effect on chalcopyrite.Mo grade of 26.17% and recovery of 89.83% were achieved with rougher and scavenger one time and cleaners twice,while the recovery of Mo was deceased by 2% when Na2S was used as depressant.Measurement on adsorption of PGA on the mineral surface indicates that PGA and xanthate were adsorbed on mineral surface by competition,and PGA was adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface much stronger than on molybdenite surface.FTIR results indicate a chemical absorption process for PGA on chalcopyrite surface and a physical adsorption process on molybdenite surface.The frontier orbital calculation shows that the S atom is an active center,and the depression of PGA can be explained with the Fermi level of energy based on the electrochemical mechanism.

成标干悬浮剂防治柑桔红蜘蛛田间药效试验

80%成标干悬浮剂是一种矿物硫制剂,属低毒化、无公害农药,以往多用于防治作物的白粉病.为适应全州县无公害柑桔生产的需要,寻求低毒、低残留杀螨剂是一项重要工作.为此,笔者于2002年5月25日至6月30日在全州县蚕种场温州蜜柑园进行了本试验.现小结如下.

肯定列表中豁免物质和有机农业中植物保护剂的分析比较

日本《肯定列表制度》中对食品中农业化学品残留限量体系分为现行标准、暂定标准、禁用物质、豁免物质和一律标准5方面的内容。对《肯定列表》豁免物质中与农作物保护有关的铜、硫、氯元素的农业化学品进行了论述,并与国际上有机农业生产中对允许使用物质进行了分析比较,期望能为相关的生产企业和部门提供参考。

Efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine treatment after azathioprine hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in cases of azathioprine (AZA) hypersensitivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Twenty nine previously confirmed Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 14) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 15) patients with a known previous (AZA) hypersensitivity reaction were studied prospectively. The 6-MP doses were gradually increased from 0.5 up to 1.0-1.5 mg/kg per day. Clinical activity indicies (CDAI/CAI), laboratory variables and daily doses of oral 5-ASA, corticosteroids, and 6-MP were assessed before and in the first, sixth and twelfth months of treatment. RESULTS: In 9 patients, 6-MP was withdrawn in the first 2 wk due to an early hypersensitivity reaction. Medication was ineffective within 6 mo in 6 CD patients, and myelotoxic reaction was observed in two. Data were evaluated at the end of the sixth month in 12 (8 UC, 4 CD) patients, and after the first year in 9 (6 UC, 3 CD) patients. CDAI decreased transiently at the end of the sixth month, but no significant changes were observed in the CDAI or the CAI values at the end of the year. Leukocyte counts (P = 0.01), CRP (P = 0.02), and serum iron (P = 0.05) values indicated decreased inflammatory reactions, especially in the UC patients at the end of the year, making the possibility to taper oral steroid doses. CONCLUSION: About one-third of the previously AZA- intolerant patients showed adverse effects on taking 6MP. In our series, 20 patients tolerated 6MP, but it was ineffective in 8 CD cases, and valuable mainly in ulcerative colitis patients.

On tolerability and safety of a maintenance treatment with 6-thioguanine in azathioprineor 6-mercaptopurine intolerant IBD patients

AIM: To determine the tolerability and safety profile of a low-dose maintenance therapy with 6-TG in azathioprine (AZA) or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) intolerant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients over a treatment period of at least 1 year.METHODS: Database analysis.RESULTS: Twenty out of ninety-five (21%) patients discontinued 6-TG (mean dose 24.6 mg; mean 6-TGN level 540 pmol/8×108 RBC) within 1 year. Reasons for discontinuation were GI complaints (31%), malaise (15%)and hepatotoxicity (15%). Hematological events occurred in three patients, one discontinued treatment. In the 6-TG-tolerant group, 9% (7/75) could be classified as hepatotoxicity. An abdominal ultrasound was performed in 54% of patients, one patient had splenomegaly.CONCLUSION: The majority of AZA or 6-MP-intolerant IBD patients (79%) is able to tolerate maintenance treatment with 6-TG (dosages between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg per d). 6-TG may still be considered as an escape maintenance immunosuppressant in this difficult to treat group of patients, taking into account potential toxicity and efficacy of other alternatives. The recently reported hepatotoxicity is worrisome and 6-TG should therefore be administered only in prospective trials.

Hydrogenation Conversion of Phenanthrene over Dispersed Mo-based Catalysts

With oil-soluble molybdenum compound and sublimed sulfur serving as raw materials, two dispersed Mo-based catalysts were prepared, characterized and then applied to the hydrogenation conversion of phenanthrene. The test results showed that under the conditions specified by this study, the catalyst prepared in a higher sulfiding atmosphere was more catalytically active due to its higher content of MoS2 and stronger intrinsic catalytic activity of MoS2 unit, which demonstrated that the sulfiding atmosphere for the preparation of catalysts not only could influence the yield of MoS2 but also the structure of MoS2.The analysis on the selectivity of octahydrophenanthrene isomers revealed that the catalyst prepared in a lower sulfiding atmosphere had a relatively higher catalytic selectivity to the hydrogenation of outer aromatic ring and the structure of catalysts could be modified under the specific reaction conditions. Moreover, the selectivity between the isomers of as-octahydrophenanthrene at different reaction time and temperature was analyzed and, based on the results, a hydrogenation mechanism over dispersed Mo-based catalysts was suggested, with monatomic hydrogen transfer and catalytic surface desorption of the half-addition intermediates functioning as the key points. In addition, it is concluded that the catalyst prepared in a lower sulfiding atmosphere was more capable of adsorption than the other one.

Depressing behaviors and mechanism of disodium bis(carboxymethyl) trithiocarbonate on separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite

This work focuses on the organic depressant,disodium bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate(DBT),as a selectivedepressant in copper?molybdenum sulfide flotation separation.Micro-flotation,Zeta potential,FTIR and XPS measurements werecarried out to investigate the selective depression mechanism of DBT on chalcopyrite.Zeta potential and FTIR measurementsrevealed that DBT had higher affinity for chalcopyrite than molybdenite and the XPS results of chalcopyrite before and aftertreatment with DBT further proved that DBT adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface.The investigation indicates that the mechanism ofDBT adsorbing on chalcopyrite is mainly physical adsorption.Locked circuit experiments were carried out and the results showedthat DBT could be considered as a cleaner option in commercial Cu?Mo flotation separation circuits.

A case of interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis treated with azathioprine

The early hypersensitivity reaction and late bone marrow depression are well-known side-effects of azathioprine, whereas interstitial pneumonia is a rare complication. A 40-year old male patient had been treated with azathioprine in consequence of extensive ulcerative colitis for 10 years. He then complained of 7 d of fever, cough and catarrhal signs, without symptoms of active colitis. Opportunistic infections were ruled out. The chest X-ray, CT and lung biopsy demonstrated the presence of interstitial inflammation. Azathioprine therapy was discontinued as a potential source of the pulmonary infiltrate. In response to steroid therapy, and intensive care, the pulmonary infiltrate gradually decreased within 4 wk. Three months later, his ulcerative colitis relapsed, and ileo-anal pouch surgery was performed. In cases of atypical pneumonia, without a proven infection, azathioprine-associated interstitial pneumonitis may be present, which heals after withdrawal of the drug.