SERS快速检测波菜中伏杀硫磷农药残留方法研究

采用SERS方法快速检测菠菜中伏杀硫磷农药残留量,利用快速前处理方法提取菠菜菜汁,分别采集不同浓度伏杀硫磷标准溶液和以提取液为基质的伏杀硫磷溶液的SERS。分析伏杀硫磷标准溶液的SERS信号并进行谱峰归属,找到了伏杀硫磷农药分子的5个特征谱峰：492,588,750,1050,1098 cm-1。在0.3～10 mg/L浓度范围内,以更明显特征峰750和1098 cm-1处的峰强度,建立伏杀硫磷标准溶液的定量分析曲线。结果表明,以750 cm-1处峰强度建立的标准曲线具有更好的线性关系。该方法对以菠菜提取液为基质的伏杀硫磷溶液的最低检测浓度为1 mg/L。研究结果可为叶菜中农药残留的实时快速检测装置开发提供方法支持。

农药倍硫磷的神经毒性研究进展(综述)

倍硫磷(Fenthion)是一种硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,主要用于控制大豆食心虫、牲畜的牛皮蝇及卫生害虫。自从1960年 Schrader 第一次报道倍硫磷的毒性研究以来,各国学者对倍硫磷的一般毒性和三致作用进行了广泛的研究。研究结果表明倍硫磷为中等毒性类农药,主要引起胆碱酯酶活性的抑制,而对神经肌肉组织影响的研究迄今仍为大家所关注,旨在探索更敏感的指标及作用的机理。本文就近年来这一领域的研究状况加以综述。

用顺丁烯二酸酐生产γ—丁内酯等系列产品

一、前言 顺丁烯二酸酐是重要的化工原材料,它的主要用途是生产热固性树脂、不饱和聚酯。此外,也有较大量的顺丁烯二酸酐用于生产反丁烯二酸、酒石酸和苹果酸,以及作为农药马拉硫磷(杀虫剂)及有机药物长效磺胺的原料。顺丁烯二酸酐也是生产醇酸树脂、油漆、染色助剂、增塑剂(如顺丁烯二酸二丁酯)、润滑油添加剂以及脂肪和油脂的防腐剂等的原料。虽然顺丁烯二酸酐用途较广,但由于种种原因,目前仍供大于求,进一步开发利用,拓宽应用渠道,使滞销产品转化成紧俏产品势在必行。用顺丁烯二酸酐生产市场紧俏的四氢呋喃、γ—丁内酯、N—甲基吡咯烷酮就是很好的一种方法。

Toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide sumithion on larval stages of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Sumithion is widely used to control brittle in paddy fields and tiger bug in fish larval rearing ponds. The objective of this study was to elucidate the toxic effects of sumithion on larval stages of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Larvae were exposed to two concentrations(150 and 250 μg/L) of sumithion with one control in three replicates of each. Larvae samples were collected at 20- and 24-h intervals followed by observation under a digital microscope. Exposures of stinging catfish larvae to sumithion produced deformities including irregular head shape, lordosis, yolk sac edema, body arcuation, tissue ulceration, etc. The mortality rates of larvae were significantly increased in response to increase in sumithion concentrations. Furthermore, around 30% of the total adult stinging catfish reared in sumithiontreated aquaculture ponds were found to be deformed permanently. These findings highlight that exposure of stinging catfish to sumithion at the critical and sensitive stages in their life cycle may significantly reduce the number of returning adults. Therefore, the use of sumithion for crop protection needs to be considered carefully and alternatives to sumithion should to be developed for controlling aquatic insects in aqua-ponds during larval rearing.

农药“杀虫灵”分析方法的研究

本文介绍应用化学显色法、薄层色谱法（ＴＬＣ） 和气—质联用仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）检验 农药“杀虫灵” 的检验方法，得出了检验农药“杀虫灵” 的化学显色和薄层色谱方法及其 ＧＣ／ＭＳ检验的色谱分析条件，为农药“杀虫灵”中毒案件的定性分析提供了分析方法和科 学依据。