硫酸尿素系统化学反应的研究

研究了硫酸尿素系统在不同配比和不同温度的化学反应。结果表明 ,常温下硫酸与尿素的摩尔比为1∶1 0和 1∶2 0时 ,可形成有固定熔点的晶体。其相变点温度在硫酸和尿素相变温度之间 ,相变热远远小于尿素。 80～ 90℃时 ,硫酸尿素水溶液系统会发生水解反应 ,过程速率为二级 ,且水解速率远大于尿素水溶液系统 ;15 0℃以上时 ,硫酸尿素系统发生反应生成氨基磺酸硫酸铵。在工程设计和应用中 ,应严格控制硫酸尿素系统在80～ 90℃的停留时间 ,并保证系统温度不超过 15 0℃。

硫酸-尿素系统的物理化学性质

For engineering purpose,some physical properties of ureasulfuric acid system with different ratio of urea and sulfuric acid,such as viscosity,mixing heat,phasetransition heat and temperature and specific heat were measured and discussed.The results indicated that,the viscosity of ureasulfuric acid system was greatly higher than sulfuric acid and urea,the heat effect in mixing process of sulfuric acid and urea less than dilution heat of sulfuric acid,the phase transition only existed for system with sulfuric acid and urea mole ratio 1∶10 and 1∶20,the specific heat of ureasulfuric acid system both in solid phase and liquid phase higher than sulfuric acid and urea.