硫酸钠基固体电解质材料的改性研究

以固相反应法合成了Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４－Ｌｎ＿２（ＳＯ＿４）＿３（Ｌｍ＝Ｌａ，Ｙ）和Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４＿—Ｌａ＿２（ＳＯ＿４）＿３—Ｎａ２ＷＯ４体系固体电解质，以ＸＲＤ和热分析研究了物相与化学组成的关系，以交流阻抗谱研究了材料的电导率。发现Ｌａ摩尔含量大于６％或Ｙ含量大于１２％时，可使高电导的Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４（Ⅰ）相稳定到室温。而１．ａ为４％或Ｙ为５％时，体系具有最高的电导率，比纯Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４约高２个数量级。此时高、低温度段的电导活化能分别为０．３８ｅＶ和０．８２ｅＶ。在Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４＋４％１Ｌａ＿２（ＳＯ＿４）＿３二元系中掺入ＷＯ＿４后，出现一具有四方ＣａＷＯ＿４结构的未知新相，其电导率不高，但它的存在改善了试样的烧结性和致密度，这可能与此固溶体中和的相互作用有关。

鼠李糖脂和月桂基醚硫酸钠对土壤中Cd和Pb去除效果的比较

Cd和Pb是城市土壤中具有明显生物毒性的重金属,威胁着人类健康。通过土壤淋洗试验研究了环境友好的表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和月桂基醚硫酸钠对高岭土和伊利土两种矿土和实际土壤中的Cd和Pb的洗脱作用。鼠李糖脂和月桂基醚硫酸钠对伊利土中Cd和Pb的洗脱率远低于对高岭土中Cd和Pb的洗脱率。研究中,Cd和Pb的洗脱率几乎不随鼠李糖脂浓度的增加而增加;但随月桂基醚硫酸钠浓度的增加而显著增加。根据对矿土淋洗的最佳结果,选取20 mmol/L鼠李糖脂和100 mmol/L月桂基醚硫酸钠分别对停车场土壤和湿地土壤中的Cd和Pb进行淋洗,月桂基醚硫酸钠对两种土壤中生物可利用态的Cd和Pb的去除率高达100%,高于鼠李糖脂;其对两种土壤中Cd和Pb的总去除率也高于鼠李糖脂;但由于使用浓度较大,其淋洗效率仍低于鼠李糖脂。

丁醇同分异构物与月桂基硫酸钠混合体系的表面化学性质

本工作研究了正丁醇和叔丁醇与月桂基硫酸钠混合体系的表面化学性质,自一系列混合溶液的表面张力一浓度对数关系分析、讨论了体系的表面活性、溶液表面吸附和吸附层中的分子相互作用。结果表明,加入丁醇使表面活性提高,混合吸附增大;两组分在表面层中有明显的相互作用;直链的正丁醇比支链的叔丁醇对月桂基硫酸钠的表面活性提高有更大的作用。

椰油基硫酸钠在个人护理品中的应用

阐述了椰油基硫酸钠在个人护理品中的应用。叙述了椰油基硫酸钠与月桂基硫酸钠两种表面活性剂的根本差别 ,指出这些差别是由于其组成不同所致。对这两种表面活性剂的性能进行了比较 ,认为 ,椰油基硫酸钠具备许多月桂基硫酸钠不具备的性质。

选购牙膏,避开七种成分

牙膏是我们生活的必需品,是牙齿必不可少的“清洁剂”。牙膏有好、有坏,如果一不小心用错了牙膏,将会直接影响健康。牙膏中含有多种成分,买牙膏时若发现有月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)、三氯生、染料剂等7种成分,应尽量避免使用。月桂基硫酸钠医学研究证实,牙膏中的泡沫剂月桂基硫酸钠可诱发和加重口腔溃疡,导致口腔黏膜干燥,发生微小破裂。另外,月桂基硫酸钠会导致牙齿遇冷过敏。

Surface plasmon resonance-induced visible-light photocatalytic performance of silver/silver molybdate composites

Novel silver/silver molybdate（Ag/Ag2MoO4） composites with surface plasmon resonance（SPR）-enhanced photocatalytic performance were successfully fabricated via a facile one-pot hydrothermal route with the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） in this study.The as prepared silver/silver molybdate（Ag/Ag2MoO4） composites were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy（DRS） in order to investigate their crystal structure,morphology and optical property as well.The photocatalytic activities of the composites were subsequently evaluated by their ability to degrade rhodamine B（RhB） under visible-light irradiation.Varies of controlled experiments were then carefully operated to gain a deep insight into the assembling of Ag/Ag2MoO4composites.It was found that preparation conditions such as pH,reaction time,and the amount of surfactant played important roles in the formation of composites with octahedral microstructures.And the composite obtained at 160 ℃ using 0.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation.Capture experiments were also conducted to clarify the function of different active species generated on the surface of Ag/Ag2MoO4during the photocatalytic process,in which both holes and ·OH radicals were found to play crucial role in photocatalytic removal of RhB under visible light irradiation.A possible photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/Ag2MoO4 was finally proposed on the basis of all the results to explain the higher photocatalytic activity of the octahedral Ag/Ag2MoO4 composites.It was inferred that the photoinduced ＂hot＂ electrons can quickly transfer from the Ag NPs to the conduction band of Ag2MoO4 and react with oxygen and H2O to generate a large quality of active radicals such as ·OH and ·O2^- because of the SPR effects.Besides,this SPR effects of Ag nanoparticles deposited on the surface of Ag2MoO4 can not only dramatically amplify its light absorption,especially in the visible region,but also promote the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and effectively decrease electron-hole recombination.

Curing of the Bacillus subtilis Plasmid Using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Curing of Bacillus subtilis plasmid using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)was studied in order to obtain a host strain. An overnight culture of Bacillus subtilis 24/pMX45 was used to inoculate fresh LB containing SDS (0-0.008%). No growth of 24/pMX45 was observed when LB contained an SDS concentration of 0.006% or greater, and the sublethal concentration (w/v) of SDS was 0.005% with a killing rate of 99%. Samples were diluted and plated on LB agar, individual colonies were randomly picked to a selective agar medium by tooth to screen for loss of plasmid-encoded erythomycin resistance. CsCl-EtBr gradient centrifugation and plasmid DNA profile demonstrated that plasmid-cured derivative A7 has completely lost its plasmid. A7 had a shorter lag, and its cell concentration was consistently higher than that of the 24/pMX45. Elimination of the plasmid was first observed after 24/pMX45 had been treated with SDS for 8 h. The percent elimination then continued to increase until about 22 h, after which the fraction of cured cell in the population remained constant. Plasmid cured cell numbers were measured in a separate control culture of 24/pMX45 untreated by SDS. No spontaneous loss of pMX45 was observed after 24/pMX45 were incubated for 24 h and 48 h with shaking at 37 ℃.These results suggested that SDS can be used as curing agent to eliminate the plasmid of Bacillus subtilis.

表面活性剂淋洗去除高岭土中镉和铅的研究

通过土壤淋洗试验证实了环境友好的表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和月桂基醚硫酸钠对高岭土中的Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)有较好的洗脱作用:鼠李糖脂对Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的最大洗脱率分别为82.8%和>99.99%,月桂基醚硫酸钠对Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的最大洗脱率分别为98.7%和99.8%。对于淋洗时间和淋洗剂浓度对洗脱率的影响,研究表明,淋洗存在最佳洗脱时间,2种表面活性剂均在2 h内对Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)达到最大洗脱,淋洗时间过长并不能增加洗脱率,反而会使鼠李糖脂淋洗Pb^(2+)的洗脱率下降。Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的洗脱率随鼠李糖脂浓度升高先缓慢上升后逐渐下降,最佳淋洗剂浓度为40 mmol/L;Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的洗脱率随月桂基醚硫酸钠的浓度上升而显著增加,最佳淋洗剂浓度为100 mmol/L。试验结果表明,表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和月桂基醚硫酸钠在去除土壤中的Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)方面具有应用前景。

Rheological Behavior of Aqueous Solutions of Cationic Guar in Presence of Oppositely Charged Surfactant

The cationic guar （CG） is synthesized and the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of CG in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） is studied in detail. The steady viscosity measurements show that the zero shear viscosity enhancement can be almost 3 orders of magnitude as the concentration of SDS increases from 0 to 0.043%. The gel-like formation is observed as the concentration of SDS is greater than 0.016%. The oscillatory rheological measurements of CG solutions in the presence of SDS show that the crossover modulus is almost independent of the concentration of SDS whereas the apparent relaxation time increases swiftly upon increasing the concentration of SDS. The experimental results indicate that the strength rather than the number of the cross-links is greatly affected by SDS molecules. The mechanism concerning the effect of SDS upon the rheology of CG solutions can be coined by the two-stage model. Before the formation of cross-links at the critical concentration, the electrostatic interaction between SDS and cationic site of CG chains plays a key role and the SDS molecules bind to CG chains through the electrostatic interaction. After the formation of cross-links at the concentration greater than the critical concentration, the cooperative hydrophobic interaction become dominant and SDS molecules bind to the cross-links through the hydrophobic interaction. The theological behavior of aqueous solutions of CG in the presence of SDS is chiefly determined by the micelle-like cross-links between CG chains. In fact, the flow activation energy of CG solution, obtained from the temperature dependence of the apparent relaxation time, falls in the range of transferring a hydrophobic tail of SDS from the micelle to an aqueous environment.

Influence of sodium 2,3-dihydroxypropyl dithiocarbonate on floatability of chalcopyrite and galena

Sodium 2,3-dihydroxypropyl dithiocarbonate（SGX）, which contains —OH and —CSS— in the molecule, was used to explore selective depression of galena from chalcopyrite in the flotation tests with ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate（DDTP）, and zeta potential and adsorption measurements were performed to study the interaction between SGX and minerals. The flotation tests of single minerals show that SGX has slight activation on chalcopyrite and strong depression on galena in the whole p H range. With SGX dosage increasing, the recovery of galena decreases rapidly, while that of chalcopyrite increases slightly. At p H=6, the copper grade and recovery of concentrate are 29.52% and 82.15% respectively when mixture of two minerals is tested. Zeta potential and adsorption measurements indicate that SGX has strong adsorption on galena and slight adsorption on chalcopyrite.

高温高盐低渗油藏表面活性剂驱油实验研究

针对高温、高盐的低渗透油藏的特点,开展了十二基硫酸钠驱油室内物理模拟实验。通过驱油实验表明,十二基硫酸钠性能最好,提高采收率18%-24%,高于只含有地层水的驱替液。此外,针对十二基硫酸钠降低油水界面张力进行了研究,介绍了界面张力对驱油效果的影响。

利用包合物紫外法进行硒的限量检查

利用β环糊精和十二烷基硫酸钠在水溶液中形成包合物的性质，实现了直接、快速、简捷地检测微量元素硒，并且与《中华人民共和国药典》（１９９５年版）中的硒检查法相比，具有无需萃取、操作简单、省时省力。

Recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin β4 suppresses experimental colitis in mice

AIMTo investigate the protective effect of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin β4 (AAV-Tβ4) on murine colitis via intracolonic administration.METHODSAAV-Tβ4 was prepared and intracolonically used to mediate the secretory expression of Tβ4 in mouse colons. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was applied to induce the murine ulcerative colitis, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to establish a mouse colitis model resembling Crohn’s disease. The disease severity and colon injuries were observed and graded to reveal the effects of AAV-Tβ4 on colitis. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using biochemical assays. Colonic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 were measured using ELISA, and mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation were detected by TUNEL assay and immunochemistry, respectively.RESULTSRecombinant AAVs efficiently delivered LacZ and Tβ4 into the colonic tissues of the mice, and AAV-Tβ4 led to a strong expression of Tβ4 in mouse colons. In both the DSS and TNBS colitis models, AAV-Tβ4-treated mice displayed distinctly attenuated colon injuries and reduced apoptosis rate of colonic mucosal epithelia. AAV-Tβ4 significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltrations and relieved oxidative stress in the inflamed colons of the mice, as evidenced by decreases in MPO activity and MDA content and increases in SOD activity. AAV-Tβ4 also modulated colonic TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 levels and suppressed the compensatory proliferation of colonic epithelial cells in DSS- and TNBS-treated mice.CONCLUSIONTβ4 exerts a protective effect on murine colitis, indicating that AAV-Tβ4 could potentially be developed into a promising agent for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Depressing behaviors and mechanism of disodium bis(carboxymethyl) trithiocarbonate on separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite

This work focuses on the organic depressant,disodium bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate(DBT),as a selectivedepressant in copper?molybdenum sulfide flotation separation.Micro-flotation,Zeta potential,FTIR and XPS measurements werecarried out to investigate the selective depression mechanism of DBT on chalcopyrite.Zeta potential and FTIR measurementsrevealed that DBT had higher affinity for chalcopyrite than molybdenite and the XPS results of chalcopyrite before and aftertreatment with DBT further proved that DBT adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface.The investigation indicates that the mechanism ofDBT adsorbing on chalcopyrite is mainly physical adsorption.Locked circuit experiments were carried out and the results showedthat DBT could be considered as a cleaner option in commercial Cu?Mo flotation separation circuits.

Functional conservation of the meiotic genes SDS and RCK in male meiosis in the monocot rice

The Arabidopsis SDS （SOLO DANCERS） and RCK （ROCK-N-ROLLERS） genes are important for male meiosis, but it is still unknown whether they represent conserved functions in plants. We have performed phylogenetic analyses of SDS and RCK and their respective homologs, and identified their putative orthologs in poplar and rice. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that rice SDS and RCK are expressed preferentially in young flowers, and transgenic RNAi rice lines with reduced expression of these genes exhibited normal vegetative development, but showed significantly reduced fertility with partially sterile flowers and defective pollens. SDS deficiency also caused a decrease in pollen amounts. Further cytological examination of male meiocytes revealed that the SDS deficiency led to defects in homolog interaction and bivalent formation in meiotic prophase I, and RCK deficiency resulted in defective meiotic crossover formation. These results indicate that rice SDS and RCK genes have similar functions to their Arabidopsis orthologs. Because rice and Arabidopsis, respectively, are members of monocots and eudicots, two largest groups of flowering plants, our results suggest that the functions of SDS and RCK are likely conserved in flowering plants.

Intermolecular Interactions in Self-Assembly Process of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate by Vertically Polarized Raman Spectra

Molecular self-assembly is extremely important in many fields, but the characterization of their corresponding intermolecular interactions is still lacking. The C-H stretching Raman band can reflect the hydrophobic interactions during the self-assembly process of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） in aqueous solutions. However, the Raman spectra in this region are seriously overlapped by the OH stretching band of water. In this work, vertically polarized Raman spectra were used to improve the detection sensitivity of spectra of C-H region for the first time. The spectral results showed that the first critical micelle concentration and the second critical micelle concentration of SDS in water were 8.5 and 69 mmol/L, respectively, which were consistent with the results given by surface tension measurements. Because of the high sensitivity of vertically polarized Raman spectra, the critical micelle concentration of SDS in a relatively high concentration of salt solution could be obtained in our experiment. The two critical concentrations of SDS in 100 mmol/L NaCl solution were recorded to be 1.8 and 16.5 mmol/L, respectively. Through comparing the spectra and surface tension of SDS in water and in NaCl solution, the self-assembly process in bulk phase and at interface were discussed. The interactions among salt ions, SDS and water molecules were also analyzed. These results demonstrated the vertically polarized Raman spectra could be employed to study the self-assembly process of SDS in water.

Effect of bath composition and pulse electrodeposition condition on characteristics and microhardness of cobalt coatings

Nanocrystalline cobalt coatings were produced from cobalt sulfate based electrolytes by using pulse current electrodeposition technique.The effects of bath composition and electrodeposition condition on current efficiency,morphology,structure and hardness of the coatings were investigated and the optimum deposition condition was determined.It was found that increment of cobalt sulfate concentration and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)concentration in the bath had a negligible effect on microhardness of the coatings,while they were effective on electrodeposition current efficiency.Adding saccharin to electrodeposition bath decreased crystallite size of hexagonal close-packed(hcp)cobalt films and increased their microhardness without significant effect on current efficiency.Smoother and less defective coatings were also obtained from baths containing SDS and saccharin.The results revealed that both the current efficiency and microhardness were changed by variation of peak current density and duty cycle.Besides change of smooth morphology of the coatings to needle-shaped one,crystallite sizes and preferred orientation also varied with increasing the current density and duty cycle.

聚氧丙烯链对延展型表面活性剂的双亲性贡献

以天然月桂醇为原料,采用丙氧基化反应、硫酸酯化反应和中和反应合成了系列月桂基聚氧丙烯醚硫酸钠(SLPpS,依据月桂醇与环氧丙烷物质的量比计算得到p=3、6、9),采用红外和核磁氢谱对其进行了结构表征。考察了SLPpS的表面张力、泡沫、乳化、润湿、去污、临界胶束温度和钙离子抗性等界面和胶束溶液性质,并与两种传统表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(SLE3S)对比,突显聚氧丙烯(PPO)链对延展型表面活性剂性质的影响。结果表明,PPO链不仅为SLPpS分子提供疏水贡献,使SLPpS的表面张力降低至32.1 mN/m以下,并使其临界胶束浓度低至1.0×10-4 mol/L数量级,同时产生了优于SDS和SLE3S的乳化、润湿和去污能力,而且提供弱的极性贡献,产生低于0℃的临界胶束温度和高于SDS约30倍的钙离子抗性。SLPpS的优异性质使其适用于个人护理及家用清洁产品中。

Phase Behavior of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-n-Butanol-Kerosene-Water Microemulsion System

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of cation from electrolytes and acidity/alkalinity on the phase behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate-n-butanol-organics-water （with electrolytes） microemulsion sys-tem. The organics used is commercial kerosene. The volume ratio of water to organics is 1︰1. The results show that the type and valence of electrolyte cations are important factors influencing the microemulsion behavior. Biva-lent Ca2＋is more effective than monovalent K＋and Na＋for the formation of Winsor type III and II microemulsion. For electrolytes with the same monovalent cation Na＋, i.e. NaCl and Na2CO3, anions in the electrolyte have some effect. Bivalent anion 23CO - leads to a lower activity of cation Na＋than monovalent anion Cl-. NaOH （or KOH） behaves similar with NaCl （or KCl）. When HCl is used as electrolyte, its acidity plays an important role. Phase in-version of microemulsion from type III （or II） to type I is observed through precipitation of Ca2＋using Na2CO3, neutralization of HCl by NaOH, and addition of water to the system, which releases the oil from the microemulsion.

Performance of water-based foams affected by chemical inhibitors to retard spontaneous combustion of coal

The micelle generating process of the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) solution with the addition of chemical inhibitors was elucidated using phase separation model, and the descending order of the capacity for the selected chemical inhibitors to reduce the critical micelle concentrations of the solution are Mg Cl_2, Ca Cl_2,NH_4HCO_3 and NH_4Cl. The data to quantitatively describe the foam decay process, including foaming ratio,foam life and decay behaviors, was obtained by pressure measuring system. The results indicate that chemical inhibitors can improve the solution foamability. The capacity of the inhibitors to enhance the solution foamability is sorted as NH_4 Cl, NH_4HCO_3, Mg Cl2 and Ca Cl_2 which can distinctly improve the foam stability as well. The capacity of the inhibitors to enhance the SDS foam stability can be arranged as Mg Cl_2, NH_4 Cl, NH_4HCO_3 and Ca Cl_2. It is observed that the gravity drainage plays a leading role in the increase of proportion of diffusion drainage. The oxidation dynamic parameters of the coal samples treated by inhibition foams were investigated using thermal analysis technique, and their synergistic effects on inhibiting coal oxidation were explored.