腹部囊肿 185 例穿刺硬化分析

腹部囊肿１８５例穿刺硬化分析福清市医院Ｂ超室曾建新介入超声具有适应症广、并发症少、疗效高特点，现将１８５例腹部囊肿的穿刺硬化分析如下。一、资料和方法１８５例中，男８９例，女９６例；年龄７～８８岁，平均４７岁。其中肝囊肿４５例，肾囊肿３０例，多囊肾５４...

拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯对比恩替卡韦单药治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价拉米夫定(LAM)联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)对比恩替卡韦(ETV)单药治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效和安全性,为临床提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库,纳入LAM联合ADV(联合组)对比ETV(对照组)单药治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的随机对照试验(RCT),提取资料并进行质量评价后,采用Stata 11.0统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入13项RCT,合计972例患者。Meta分析结果显示,两组患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)[SMD=0.079,95%CI(-0.086,0.244),P=0.348]、总胆红素(TBIL)[SMD=0.056,95%CI(-0.118,0.230),P=0.529]、白蛋白(ALB)[SMD=-0.020,95%CI(-0.494,0.454),P=0.935]、HBV-DNA阴转率[RR=1.012,95%CI(0.950,1.079),P=0.710]、乙型肝炎e抗原(HBe Ag)血清转换率[RR=1.181,95%CI(0.969,1.439),P=0.099]、HBe Ag阴转率[RR=1.011,95%CI(0.860,1.189),P=0.893]、随访96周肝功能Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)评分[SMD=-0.063,95%CI(-0.299,0.173),P=0.601]、病毒学突破率[RR=1.562,95%CI(0.471,5.178),P=0.466]、死亡率[RR=1.198,95%CI(0.624,2.300),P=0.587]、不良反应发生率[RR=1.552,95%CI(0.618,3.900),P=0.349]比较差异均无统计学意义;联合组随访48周肝功能CTP评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义[SMD=0.352,95%CI(0.031,0.672),P=0.031]。结论:LAM联合ADV与ETV单药治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的疗效和安全性相似,但ETV在短期内(48周)更容易抑制失代偿期乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化发展,甚至逆转肝纤维化和肝硬化。

原发性干燥综合征合并原发性胆汁性肝硬化12例临床分析

原发性胆汁性肝硬化（primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC）是一种病因未明的慢性进行性胆汁淤积性肝脏疾病。其病理改变主要以肝内细小胆管的慢性非化脓性破坏、汇管区炎症、慢性胆汁淤积、肝纤维化为特征,最终发展为肝硬化和肝衰竭[1]。研究发现,PBC与干燥综合征（Sj觟gren＇s Syndrome,SS）具有较为密切的相关性,国内外已有多家报道,而原发性干燥综合征（pSS）合并PBC的病例报道较少。为此，笔者总结2005年8月一2012年12月我院诊断为pSS合并PBC12例资料较为完整的病例，并对其临床表现和实验室检查进行分析，现报道如下。

皮层下动脉硬化性脑病38例临床分析

皮层下动脉硬化性脑病是由于脑皮层下白质小动脉硬化,动脉壁透明变性闭塞和栓塞造成自质弥漫性病变,以往只能靠病理诊断,随着CT和MRI的广泛应用,此病在临床上并不十分少见.

HER2在乙肝肝硬化患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的:检测乙肝后肝硬化患者血清人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)浓度,并探讨其临床意义。方法:采集江阴市人民医院60例慢性乙肝、149例乙肝后肝硬化患者及60例健康体检人群血清标本,采用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法检测血清HER2水平,比较不同组间、不同肝硬化严重程度患者间血清HER2水平,分析乙肝肝硬化患者血清HER2水平与临床参数及终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分的相关性。结果:血清HER2浓度在健康对照组、慢性乙肝组、乙肝后肝硬化组分别为9.21±2.59 ng/mL、11.59±4.43 ng/mL和17.60±6.03 ng/mL,与健康对照组相比,慢性乙肝、乙肝后肝硬化患者血清HER2水平均显著升高(P<0.01),乙肝肝硬化组表达水平显著高于慢性乙型肝炎组(P<0.001),差异均有统计学意义。肝硬化Child C级患者血清HER2(16.57±4.67 ng/mL)高于Child A级(12.11±3.65 ng/mL,P=0.000)及B级(14.48±4.53 ng/mL,P=0.02)患者,差异均有统计学意义。失代偿期肝硬化患者HER2水平与BIL、AST、ALT、PT呈正相关(P均<0.05),与Alb水平呈负相关(P<0.05),但与MELD评分无相关性。结论:乙肝肝硬化患者血清HER2水平高表达,且与其严重程度呈正相关,提示HER2可能参与乙肝后肝硬化的进程。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病抵抗素、脂联素与肝纤维化相关性研究

目的:研究非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者抵抗素、脂联素水平与肝纤维化指标的关系。方法:采用ELASA法检测NAFLD患者和正常对照组的抵抗素、脂联素水平及Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(C)、层粘蛋白(LN)水平。结果:NAFLD组脂联素显著低于对照组,抵抗素水平显著高于对照组,抵抗素水平与WHR、BMI、FBG、TG、FINS、HOMA-IRI、PC、PC、HA和LN呈显著正相关,脂联素水平与WHR、BMI、FBG、TG、FINS、HOMA-IRI、PC、PC、HA和LN呈显著负相关,抵抗素与脂联素水平呈显著负相关。结论:NAFLD患者血清抵抗素水平增高,脂联素水平降低,NAFLD患者肝纤维化进程中抵抗素与脂联素可能起重要作用。

Determination of IL-2/IL-2R system in patients with liver cirrhosis.and carcinoma

AIMS To.determine the interleuking-2 and interleukin- 2 receptor (IL-2/IL-2R) system in patients with liver cirrhosis and carcinoma and compare their immune functions. The clinical significance is also discussed. METHODS Fifty patients with Liver cirrhosis (LC), 50 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 30 normal controls were studied. The expression of mlL-2R was examined by immunofluorescence. IL-2's activity and serum level of soluble interleukin-2 recep- tor (sIL-2R) were measured by enzyme linked im- munosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-2's activity and the percentage of mIL- 2R expression in carcinoma were significantly lower than those in cirrhosis (P<0.01) and controls (P< 0.01),while the IL-2's activity and the expression of mlL-2R in cirrhosis were also lower than normal controls (P<0.05). The serum level of sIL-2R in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in cirrhosis (P<0.05) and controls (P<0.01),and the level in cirrhosis was higher than in controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with liver cirhosis and car- cinoma share the decreased immune function of similar nature,but the latter has a more profound degree. Such resemblance in immune disturbances may be the important factor affecting the carcinogenesis of cirrhotic liver.

Diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography (Fibro Scan) in detection of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

AIM To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Fibro Scan(FS) in detecting esophageal varices(EV) in cirrhotic patients.METHODS Through a systemic literature search of multiple databases, we reviewed 15 studies using endoscopy as a reference standard, with the data necessary to calculate pooled sensitivity(SEN) and specificity(SPE), positive and negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio(DOR) and area under receiver operating characteristics(AUROC). The quality of the studies was rated by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy studies-2 tool. Clinical utility of FS for EV was evaluated by a Fagan plot. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted via Stata12.0, MetaD isc1.4 and RevM an5.RESULTS In 15 studies(n = 2697), FS detected the presence of EV with the summary sensitivities of 84%(95%CI: 81.0%-86.0%), specificities of 62%(95%CI: 58.0%-66.0%), a positive LR of 2.3(95%CI: 1.81-2.94), a negative LR of 0.26(95%CI: 0.19-0.35), a DOR of 9.33(95%CI: 5.84-14.92) and an AUROC of 0.8262. FS diagnosed the presence of large EV with the pooled SEN of 0.78(95%CI: 75.0%-81.0%), SPE of 0.76(95%CI: 73.0%-78.0%), a positive and negative LR of 3.03(95%CI: 2.38-3.86) and 0.30(95%CI: 0.23-0.39) respectively, a summary diagnostic OR of 10.69(95%CI: 6.81-16.78), and an AUROC of 0.8321. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis indicated different etiology could serve as a potential source of heterogeneity in the diagnosis of the presence of EV group. A Deek's funnel plot suggested a low probability for publication bias.CONCLUSION Using FS to measure liver stiffness cannot provide high accuracy for the size of EV due to the various cutoff and different etiologies. These limitations preclude widespread use in clinical practice at this time; therefore, the results should be interpreted cautiously given its SEN and SPE.

Relationship between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cerebral Infarction

Objective To study the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and cerebral infarction (CI). Methods Between November 2008 and March 2009,147 CI patients (CI group) and 48 patients with non-cerebrovascular diseases (control group) were enrolled from inpatients of Neurology Department of our hospital. The diagnostic criterion of thickened carotid intima was set as 1.0 mm≤intima-media thickness (IMT) <1.5 mm and that of carotid plaque was as IMT≥1.5 mm. Carotid atherosclerosis was divided into three levels: normal intima,thickened intima,and plaque formation. The color Doppler ultrasonography data of carotid arteries in all patients were analyzed and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was compared between the two groups. Results In the CI group,36 (24.5%) patients had normal carotid intima,22 (15.0%) had thickened carotid intima,and 89 (60.5%) had carotid plaque. In the control group,22 (45.8%) patients had normal carotid intima,4 (8.3%) had thickened carotid intima,and 22 (45.8%) had carotid plaque. The severity of carotid atherosclerosis in the CI group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.022). There was significant difference in the constitution of carotid plaque between the two groups (P=0.001); the CI group mainly had the soft plaque (55/89,61.8%),whereas the control group mainly had the hard plaque (17/22,77.3%). The first three common locations of carotid plaque in both groups were carotid bifurcation (CI group: 73.7%; control group: 64.1%),common carotid artery (CI group: 20.4%; control group: 25.6%),and internal carotid artery (CI group: 5.9%; control group: 10.3%). The location of carotid plaque between the two groups was not significantly different (P=0.438). There was no difference in the carotid inner diameter or resistance index between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Carotid atherosclerosis is to some extent able to reveal the atherosclerotic condition of cerebral arteries and act as an important predictor for the risk of CI. The color Doppler ultrasonography of carotid arteries can provide a convenient way for the prevention and treatment of CI.

Effect of strain hardening and strain softening on welding distortion and residual stress of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy by simulation analysis

The effect of strain hardening and strain softening behavior of flow stress changing with temperature on welding residual stress, plastic strain and welding distortion of ATN0 1-T4 aluminum alloy was studied by finite simulation method. The simulation results show that the weld seam undergoes strain hardening in the temperature range of 180-250 ℃, however, it exhibits strain softening at temperature above 250 ℃ during welding heating and cooling process. As a result, the strain hardening and strain softening effects counteract each other, introducing slightly influence on the welding residual stress, residual plastic strain and distortion. The welding longitudinal residual stress was determined by ultrasonic stress measurement method for the flat plates of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy. The simulation results are well accordant with test ones.

Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old-age male

Objective： To observe the difference of androgen and inflammatory cytokines level in atherosclerosis and analyse their relations. Method： Both carotid arteries and arteries of lower extremity were subjected to ultrasonic examination by Doppier＇s method. Those with much atheromatous plaque formation were ranged into case group, and those with normal result formed control group. Total, free testosterone and estradiol were assayed by radioimmunoassay. C reactive protein （CRP） was assayed by nepheloturbidity. Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, lnterleukin-6 （IL-6）, lnterleukin-8 （IL-8）, lnterleukin-10 （IL-10）, Interleukin-18 （IL-18）, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1） and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （sVCAM-1） were assayed by ELISA. The mean difference between two groups and the correlation between free testosterone and cytokines were analysed. Results： Free testosterone was （6.337±3.371） pg/L in case group and （11.375±4.733）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. No differences were found in total testosterone and estradiol. CRP was （27.294±10.238）mg/L in case group and （12.843±6.318） mg/L in control group, P〈0.01. IL-6 was （41.700±31.385）pg/L in case group and （25.396±20.772）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. IL-8 was （89.249±58.357）pg/L in case group and （67.873±31.227）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. sICAM-1 was （470.491±134.078）pg/L in case group and （368.487±97.183）pg/L in control group, P〈0.01. sVCAM-1 was （537.808±213.172）pg/L in case group and （457.275±157.273）pg/L in control group, P〈0.05. There were no differences in TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-18. Correlation analysis showed that FT （free testosterone） had negative correlation with CRP, IL-6 and sICAM-1. Among them FT had well correlation with CRP, correlation index was -0.678. Conclusion： Free testosterone was in negative correlation with atherosclerosis in old-age male. Free testosterone may have the role of anti-atherosclerosis, and this effect was not achieved by its transformation to estradiol. Low tree testosterone level was followed by increased level of inflammatory cytokines. Low free testosterones coexist with inflammation and they both affect the process of atherosclerosis in old-age male.

Immunohistochemical expression of intrarenal renin angiotensin system components in response to tempol in rats fed a high salt diet

AIM To determine the effect of tempol in normal rats fed high salt on arterial pressure and the balance between antagonist components of the renal renin-angiotensin system.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 8% NaCl high-salt （HS） or 0.4% NaCl （normal-salt, NS） diet for 3 wk, with or without tempol （T） （1 mmol/L, administered in drinking water）. Mean arterial pressure （MAP）, glomerular fltration rate （GFR）, and urinary sodium excretion （UVNa） were measured. We evaluated angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）, angiotensin 1-7 （Ang 1-7）, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）, mas receptor （MasR）, angiotensin type 1 receptor （AT1R） and angiotensin type 2 receptor （AT2R） in renal tissues by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe intake of high sodium produced a slight but signifcant increase in MAP and differentially regulated components of the renal renin-angiotensin system （RAS）. This included an increase in Ang Ⅱ and AT1R, and decrease in ACE-2 staining intensity using immunohistochemistry. Antioxidant supplementation with tempol increased natriuresis and GFR, prevented changes in blood pressure and reversed the imbalance of renal RAS components. This includes a decrease in Ang Ⅱ and AT1R, as increase in AT2, ACE2, Ang （1-7） and MasR staining intensity using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the natriuretic effects of tempol were observed in NS-T group, which showed an increased staining intensity of AT2, ACE2, Ang （1-7） and MasR.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a high salt diet leads to changes in the homeostasis and balance between opposing components of the renal RAS in hypertension to favour an increase in Ang Ⅱ. Chronic antioxidant supplementation can modulate the balance between the natriuretic and antinatriuretic components of the renal RAS.

Non-selective beta-blockers in cirrhosis:Current concepts and controversies

Non-selective beta-blockers(NSBBs) have been at the forefront in the management of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis for the last three decades, a trusty component in the armamentarium of the Hepatologist. The role of beta-blockers has been cemented for years in cardiac disease including angina, hypertension and in heart failure, however NSBBs with their non-selective effects on β1 and β2 receptors have led to them fondly being termed "the hepatologist's aspirin". NSBBs' role in reduction of portal pressure in the setting of primary and secondary prophylaxis for variceal haemorrhage has been well established. NSBBs include propranolol, nadolol and carvedilol- with the latter having been shown to be effective in patients who often fail to demonstrate a haemodynamic response to propranolol. Recent observational studies however have served for the Hepatology community to question the beneficial role of NSBBs in portal hypertension, especially in advanced cases with refractory ascites. The deleterious effect in patients with refractory ascites in a few studies led to a U-turn in clinical practice, with some in the Hepatology community withdrawing their usage in patients with advanced cirrhosis. This also led to the "window hypothesis" suggesting there may be only be a finite time frame when NSBBs have a beneficial effect in portal hypertension. The window hypothesis proposed the window for the benefits of NSBBs is closed in early portal hypertension, opening as portal hypertension progresses with it closing in advanced liver disease. The window was proposed to close in conditions such as refractory ascites or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis when patients may not necessarily mount a compensatory haemodynamic response when on NSBBs. Some centres however have continued the practice of NSBBs in advanced cirrhosis with published data challenging the scepticisms of other groups who stop NSBBs. Thus the debate, like the window hypothesis has opened, with more questions to be answered about NSBB's mechanism of action not only in reducing portal hypertension but also their effects on systemic haemodynamics and on the pro-inflammatory pathways often activated in cirrhosis especially in advanced disease. This article serves to review the role of NSBBs in the management of portal hypertension/cirrhosis and concentrate on current concepts and controversies in this field.

Analytic Study on a Plane Stress Tensile Crack in a Power-Law Hardening Material

Aim To construct an analytic solution for the asymptotic field near a tensile cracktip of power-law hardening material under Plane stress condition. Methods Constructing funtion method was used. Results The exact asymptotic field was found. Conclusion The exact analytic solution for the problem is available.

Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Current concepts

Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （cFSGS）, also known as collapsing glomerulopathy is currently classified under the rubric of FSGS. However, its de-fining morphological features are in stark contrast to those observed in most other variants of FSGS. During the early stage of the disease, the lesion is character-ized pathologically by an implosive segmental and/or global collapse of the glomerular capillary tufts, marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of podocytes, and severe tubulointerstitial disease. With advancement of the disease, segmental and/or global glomerulosclerosis is also observed in association with the collapsing le-sions. The etiology of this enigmatic disorder is still elusive, but a growing list of diseases/conditions is being reported in association with this morphological pattern of renal parenchymal injury. The pathogenesis of cFSGS involves discreet epithelial cell injury leadingto cell cycle dysregulation and a proliferative cellularphenotype. From the clinical perspective, cFSGS is no-torious for its propensity to affect black people, a highincidence and severity of nephrotic syndrome, markedresistance to empirical therapy, and rapid progressionto end-stage renal disease. The lesion has also beenreported in transplanted kidneys either as recurrent orde novo disease, frequently leading to graft loss. Mostcases have been reported in western countries, but the lesion is also being increasingly recognized in the tropi-cal regions. The recent increase in reporting of cFSGS partly refects a true increase in the incidence and part-ly a detection bias. There is no specifc treatment for the disorder at present. Newer insights into the patho-genesis may lead to the development of targeted and specifc therapy in near future. There is an urgent need to increase awareness of the lesion among pathologists and nephrologists, especially those from developing countries, to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate managment. With the accumulation of more and more data, it is hoped that the prevailing confusion about the nosological identity of the lesion will also be resolved in a more logical way.

Muscle fatigue in women with primary biliary cirrhosis:Spectral analysis of surface electromyography

AIM： To evaluate the myoelectric manifestations of peripheral fatigability in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in comparison to healthy subjects. METHODS： Sixteen women with primary biliary cirrhosis without comorbidity and 13 healthy women matched for age and body mass index （BMI） completed the selfreported questionnaire fatigue impact scale. All subjects underwent surface electromyography assessment of peripheral fatigability. Anterior tibial muscle isometric voluntary contraction was executed for 20 s at 80% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. During the exercise electromyographic signal series were recorded and root mean square （expression of central drive） as well as mean and median of electromyographic signal frequency spectrum （estimates of muscle fatigability） were com- puted. Each subject executed the trial two times. EMG parameters were normalized, then linear regression was applied and slopes were calculated. RESULTS： Seven patients were fatigued （median fatigue impact scale score： 38, range： 26-66） and 9 were not fatigued （median fatigue impact scale score： 7, range： 0-17）. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction was similar in patients （82, 54-115 N） and controls （87, 74-101 N）, and in patients with high （81, 54-115 N） and low fatigue impact scale scores （86, 65-106 N）. Root mean square as well as mean and median of frequency spectrum slopes were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test, and no significant difference was found between fatigued and non-fatigued patients and controls. CONCLUSION： No instrumental evidence of peripheral fatigability can be found in women with primary biliary cirrhosis but no comorbidity, suggesting that fatigue in such patients may be of central origin.

Risk factors for rebleeding after angiographically negative acute gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM:To identify possible predictive factors for rebleeding after angiographically negative findings in patients with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding.METHODS: From January 2000 to July 2007, 128 patients with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding had negative f indings after initial angiography. Clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: Among 128 patients, 62 had no recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and 66 had recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding within 30 d. As determined by the use of multivariate analysis, an underlying malignancy, liver cirrhosis and hematemesis were significant factors related to recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.CONCLUSION: Clinical factors including underlying malignancy, liver cirrhosis, and hematemesis are important predictors for rebleeding after angiographically negative findings in patients with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding.

Life prediction for rolling contact fatigue crack initiation of kiln wheels

This paper investigates the rolling contact fatigue of kiln wheels with respect to the axis line deflection, which is linear with the applied supporting loads on wheels. Fatigue crack initiation criteria for elastic shakedown, plastic shakedown and ratcheting material responses are applied to assess wheels responses with two sets of axial line deflection. The finite element simulations are performed by using the bilinear material mode for nonlinear and kinematic hardening in ANSYS 11.0. By comparing the results from different critera, it is showed that the low-cycle fatigue is the predominated failure. Results from different axial line deflections indicate that the optimum adjustment can greatly enhance the whole life of the supporting structure.

F^2∑^＋-X^2∑^＋ Band System of Cobalt Carbide

The laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of CoC was recorded in the spectral region from 13500 cm^-1 to 22000 cm^-1, in which the CoC molecules were produced by the reaction of sputtered cobalt atoms with methanol under supersonic jet cooled conditions. Much of the visible spectrum was assigned to transitions between the X2∑^＋ ground state and F2∑^＋ state. The 11 bands assigned as （v＇=3-13, 0） transitions of the F^2∑^＋-X^2∑^＋ band system were observed and rotationally analyzed. Equilibrium constants for the F^2∑^＋ state were Te=13628 cm^-1, We=669 cm^-1, ωeХe=4.3 cm^-1, Be=0.546 cm^-1, and Re=1.758A. Some new bands were observed.