The necessity and feasibility of an expert system for carbide-tool utilization are analyzed and a practical system named CUES(carbide-tool utilization expert system ) is developed and realized. The system concept, mod...The necessity and feasibility of an expert system for carbide-tool utilization are analyzed and a practical system named CUES(carbide-tool utilization expert system ) is developed and realized. The system concept, module structure, data management, inference strategy and the interface design of the system are discussed in.detail. The system would be useful not only for the preparation of tool bank of FMS or CIMS, but the for the proper application of cemented carbide tools in conventional machining Processes.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the difference between the performance of the (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: From Jan 2004 to Oct 2008, 4127 cirrhotic patients wer...AIM:To evaluate the difference between the performance of the (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: From Jan 2004 to Oct 2008, 4127 cirrhotic patients were reviewed. Patients with incomplete data with respect to renal function were excluded; thus, a total of 3791 patients were included in the study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the 4-variable MDRD (MDRD-4), 6-variable MDRD (MDRD-6), and CKD-EPI equations.RESULTS:When serum creatinine was 0.7-6.8 mg/dL and 0.6-5.3 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, a significantly lower GFR was estimated by the MDRD-6 than by the CKD-EPI. Similar GFRs were calculated by both equations when creatinine was > 6.9 mg/dL and > 5.4 mg/dL in men and women, respectively. In predicting in-hospital mortality, estimated GFR obtained by the MDRD-6 showed better accuracy [81.72%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-0.95] than that obtained by the MDRD-4 (80.22%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.97), CKD-EPI (79.93%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.96), and creatinine (77.50%; 95%CI, 2.27-2.63). CONCLUSION: GFR calculated by the 6-variable MDRD equation may be closer to the true GFR than that calculated by the CKD-EPI equation.展开更多
Massive multiple-input multiple-output provides improved energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in 5 G. However it requires large-scale matrix computation with tremendous complexity, especially for data detection a...Massive multiple-input multiple-output provides improved energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in 5 G. However it requires large-scale matrix computation with tremendous complexity, especially for data detection and precoding. Recently, many detection and precoding methods were proposed using approximate iteration methods, which meet the demand of precision with low complexity. In this paper, we compare these approximate iteration methods in precision and complexity, and then improve these methods with iteration refinement at the cost of little complexity and no extra hardware resource. By derivation, our proposal is a combination of three approximate iteration methods in essence and provides remarkable precision improvement on desired vectors. The results show that our proposal provides 27%-83% normalized mean-squared error improvement of the detection symbol vector and precoding symbol vector. Moreover, we find the bit-error rate is mainly controlled by soft-input soft-output Viterbi decoding when using approximate iteration methods. Further, only considering the effect on soft-input soft-output Viterbi decoding, the simulation results show that using a rough estimation for the filter matrix of minimum mean square error detection to calculating log-likelihood ratio could provideenough good bit-error rate performance, especially when the ratio of base station antennas number and the users number is not too large.展开更多
AIM： TO assess the hepatic microvascular parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography （CT）. METHODS： Perfusion CT was performed in 29 patients without liver disease （control subje...AIM： TO assess the hepatic microvascular parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography （CT）. METHODS： Perfusion CT was performed in 29 patients without liver disease （control subjects） and 39 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 22 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 17 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, proved by clinical and laboratory parameters. CT cine-scans were obtained over 50 s beginning with the injection of 50 mL of contrast agent. Hepatic microvascular parameters, mean transit time （MTT） and permeability surface area product （PS） were obtained with the Perfusion 3 software （General Electric, ADW 4.2）. RESULTS： The overall differences of MTT and PS between control subjects, patients with compensated cirrhosis and those with decompensated cirrhosis were statistically significant （P = 0.010 and P = 0.002, respectively）. MTT values were 15.613 ± 4.1746 s, 12.592 ± 4.7518 s, and 11.721 ± 4.5681 s for the three groups, respectively, while PS were 18.945 ± 7.2347 mL/min per 100 mL, 22.767 ± 8.3936 mL/min per 100 mL, and 28.735 ± 13.0654 mL/min per 100 mL. MTT in decompensated cirrhotic patients were significantly decreased compared to controls （P = 0.017）, whereas PS values were remarkably increased （P = 0.001）.CONCLUSION： The hepatic microvascular changes in patients with liver cirrhosis can be quantitatively assessed by perfusion CT. Hepatic microvascular parameters （MTr and PS）, as measured by perfusion CT, were significantly altered in decompensated cirrhosis.展开更多
AIM:To identify the characteristics of morphology, loca- tion and collateral circulation involved in paraesophageal varices (para-EV) of portal hypertension patients with 64-row multidetector computed tomograghy (MDCT...AIM:To identify the characteristics of morphology, loca- tion and collateral circulation involved in paraesophageal varices (para-EV) of portal hypertension patients with 64-row multidetector computed tomograghy (MDCT). METHODS: Fifty-two of 501 patients with portal hypertensive cirrhosis accompanied with esophageal varices were selected for 64-row MDCT examination af- ter the observation of para-EV. The CT protocol includ- ed unenhanced, arterial and portal phases with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm and a scanning field of 2 cm above the bifurcation to the lower edge of kidney. The CT portal venography (CTPV) was reformatted on AW4.3 workstation. The characteristics of origina- tion, location, morphology and collateral circulation in para-EV were observed. RESULTS: Among the 52 cases of para-EV, 50 showed the originations from the posterior branch of left gastric vein, while the others from the anterior branch. Fifty cases demonstrated their locations close to the esoph- ageal-gastric junction, and the other two cases were extended to the inferior bifurcation of the trachea. The circuitous pattern was observed in 16 cases, while reticulated pattern was seen in 36 cases. Collateral circulation identifi ed 4 cases of single periesophageal varices (peri-EV) communication, 3 cases of single hemiazygous vein, one case of single inferior vena cava, 41 cases of mixed type (collateral communica-tions of at least 2 of above mentioned types) and 3 cases of undetermined communications. Among all the cases, 43 patients showed the communications between para-EV and peri-EV, while hemiazygous vein (43 cases) and inferior vena cava (5 cases) were also involved. CONCLUSION: Sixty-four-row multidetector computed tomograghy portal venography could display the loca- tion, morphology, origin, and collateral types of para- EV, which provides important and referable information for clinical management and disease prognosis.展开更多
Ab initio calculations are used to understand the fundamental mechanism of the solid solution softening/hardening of the Mo-binary system.The results reveal that the Mo-Ti,Mo-Ta,Mo-Nb,and Mo-W interactions are primari...Ab initio calculations are used to understand the fundamental mechanism of the solid solution softening/hardening of the Mo-binary system.The results reveal that the Mo-Ti,Mo-Ta,Mo-Nb,and Mo-W interactions are primarily attractive with negative heats of formation,while the interactions of Mo-Re,and Mo-Zr would be mainly repulsive with positive heats of formation.It is also shown that the addition of Re and Zr would cause the solid solution softening of Mo by the decrease of the unstable stacking fault energy and the increase of ductility.On the contrary,the elements of W,Ta,Ti,and Nb could bring about the solid-solution hardening of Mo through the impediment of the slip of the dislocation and the decrease of ductility.Electronic structures indicate that the weaker/stronger chemical bonding due to the alloying elements should fundamentally induce the solid solution softening/hardening of Mo.The results are discussed and compared with available evidence in literatures,which could deepen the fundamental understanding of the solid solution softening/hardening of the binary metallic system.展开更多
To cope with the ever-increasing susceptibility to transient fault in modern processors,a scheme called Tri-modular Redundantly and Simultaneously Threaded processor with Recovery is proposed,which provides transient ...To cope with the ever-increasing susceptibility to transient fault in modern processors,a scheme called Tri-modular Redundantly and Simultaneously Threaded processor with Recovery is proposed,which provides transient fault coverage and reconfiguration from partial permanent fault with high performance.Besides two redundant thread contexts,an arbitrator context is introduced to act as either arbitrator or ordinary thread,which can make better use of hardware resources.Its sphere of replication is reconfigurable and flexible in handling changing demands.The simulation with 11 SPEC2000 benchmarks shows that its performance outperforms SMT-Single by 21.5% on average,while maintaining flexibility and fault-tolerant capability.展开更多
Ti5553-xFe (x=0.4, 1.2, 2.0, wt.%) alloys have been designed and fabricated through BE (blended element) sintering to investigate the effect of Fe-addition on athermal ω-phase transformation, α-phase evolution and a...Ti5553-xFe (x=0.4, 1.2, 2.0, wt.%) alloys have been designed and fabricated through BE (blended element) sintering to investigate the effect of Fe-addition on athermal ω-phase transformation, α-phase evolution and age hardening behavior. The results show that the formation of athermal ω-phase is fully suppressed in water-quenched specimens when Fe-addition is up to 2 wt.%. The relevant timescales of α formation during initial stages of aging indicate that incubation time increases with Fe-addition. Further aging results in continuous nucleation and growth of α-phase but finer intragranular α lamellae exhibit in Ti5553-2Fe alloy. In addition, the width and extent of grain boundary α-film increase slightly with incremental Fe-addition, especially in furnace cooling condition. Result of Vickers hardness manifests that Fe-addition leads to a strong hardening effect in both solution and aging treatment. The solid solution strengthening is quantitatively estimated by ab initio calculation based on the Labusch?Nabarro model. The evolution of α-precipitate is rationalized by Gibbs free energy. The prominent hardening effect of Ti5553?2Fe alloy is attributed to both large lattice misfit of β-matrix and fine α-precipitate distribution.展开更多
Background The incidence of coronary heart disease （CHD） is higher in Northern than that in Southern China, however differences in traditional CHD risk factors do not fully explain this. No study has examined the di...Background The incidence of coronary heart disease （CHD） is higher in Northern than that in Southern China, however differences in traditional CHD risk factors do not fully explain this. No study has examined the differences in subclinical atherosclerosis that may help explain the differences in incidence. This study examined these differences in subclinical atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography （CT） for calcification between the Northern and Southern China. Methods We selected a random sample of participants in a large multi-center ongoing epidemiologic study for coronary calcium scanning in one northern city （North） （Beijing, n = 49） and in two southern cities （South） （Shanghai, n = 50, and Guangzhou, n = 50）. Participants from the three field centers （mean age 67 years） underwent coronary risk factor evaluation and cardiac CT scanning for coronary calcium measurement using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis scanning protocol. Results Adjusted log-transformed coronary artery calcium score in North China （Beijing） was 3.1 ±0.4 and in South China （Shanghai and Guangzhou） was 2.2 ＋_ 0.3 （P = 0.04）. Mean calcium score for the northern city of Beijing was three times higher than that of the southern city of Guangzhou （P = 0.01） and 2.5 times higher than for the southern city of Shanghai （P = 0.03）. Conclusions The extent of subclinical atherosclerosis is significantly higher in the northern city of Beijing than that in the two southern cities of Guangzhou and Shanghai, even after adjusting for standard cardiac risk factors. This finding suggests that standard risk factors do not fully explain north south differences in clinical CHD incidence.展开更多
AIMTo assess the effect of long-term oral nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) therapy on liver volume change in patients with suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis.METHODSWe reviewed the data of na&#...AIMTo assess the effect of long-term oral nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) therapy on liver volume change in patients with suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis.METHODSWe reviewed the data of naïve patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis, who had taken oral NUCs therapy, between 2003 and 2007 at Chonbuk University Hospital. We analyzed two consecutive sets of abdominal computerized tomography scans-one at the time of treatment initiation and another at the second-year follow-up. Liver volume was calculated by 3-dimensional liver extraction volumetry program.RESULTSA total of 55 patients (34 males) were included. There was 114.3 mL ± 167.8 mL (12.9% ± 17.9%) of increase in liver volume during the two years of NUCs therapy (993.8 mL ± 242.8 mL at baseline vs 1108.1 mL ± 263.3 mL at two-year follow-up, P < 0.001). The ratio of the measured baseline liver volume to the estimated standard liver volume was improved from 70.8% to 78.0%. An increase in liver volume was shown not only in patients with compensated cirrhosis (P = 0.046) but also in those with decompensated cirrhosis (P < 0.001). Significant factors for volume increases were Child-Turcotte-Pugh grade and model for end-stage liver disease score improvement without virological breakthrough. In multiple linear regression analysis, delta albumin and delta alanine aminotransferase levels showed a significant association with the increase in liver volume (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively).CONCLUSIONLong-term oral NUCs therapy in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis lead to significant increase in liver volume assessed with 3-dimensional liver extraction volumetry program.展开更多
文摘The necessity and feasibility of an expert system for carbide-tool utilization are analyzed and a practical system named CUES(carbide-tool utilization expert system ) is developed and realized. The system concept, module structure, data management, inference strategy and the interface design of the system are discussed in.detail. The system would be useful not only for the preparation of tool bank of FMS or CIMS, but the for the proper application of cemented carbide tools in conventional machining Processes.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the difference between the performance of the (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: From Jan 2004 to Oct 2008, 4127 cirrhotic patients were reviewed. Patients with incomplete data with respect to renal function were excluded; thus, a total of 3791 patients were included in the study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the 4-variable MDRD (MDRD-4), 6-variable MDRD (MDRD-6), and CKD-EPI equations.RESULTS:When serum creatinine was 0.7-6.8 mg/dL and 0.6-5.3 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, a significantly lower GFR was estimated by the MDRD-6 than by the CKD-EPI. Similar GFRs were calculated by both equations when creatinine was > 6.9 mg/dL and > 5.4 mg/dL in men and women, respectively. In predicting in-hospital mortality, estimated GFR obtained by the MDRD-6 showed better accuracy [81.72%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-0.95] than that obtained by the MDRD-4 (80.22%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.97), CKD-EPI (79.93%; 95%CI, 0.96-0.96), and creatinine (77.50%; 95%CI, 2.27-2.63). CONCLUSION: GFR calculated by the 6-variable MDRD equation may be closer to the true GFR than that calculated by the CKD-EPI equation.
文摘Massive multiple-input multiple-output provides improved energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in 5 G. However it requires large-scale matrix computation with tremendous complexity, especially for data detection and precoding. Recently, many detection and precoding methods were proposed using approximate iteration methods, which meet the demand of precision with low complexity. In this paper, we compare these approximate iteration methods in precision and complexity, and then improve these methods with iteration refinement at the cost of little complexity and no extra hardware resource. By derivation, our proposal is a combination of three approximate iteration methods in essence and provides remarkable precision improvement on desired vectors. The results show that our proposal provides 27%-83% normalized mean-squared error improvement of the detection symbol vector and precoding symbol vector. Moreover, we find the bit-error rate is mainly controlled by soft-input soft-output Viterbi decoding when using approximate iteration methods. Further, only considering the effect on soft-input soft-output Viterbi decoding, the simulation results show that using a rough estimation for the filter matrix of minimum mean square error detection to calculating log-likelihood ratio could provideenough good bit-error rate performance, especially when the ratio of base station antennas number and the users number is not too large.
文摘AIM： TO assess the hepatic microvascular parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography （CT）. METHODS： Perfusion CT was performed in 29 patients without liver disease （control subjects） and 39 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 22 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 17 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, proved by clinical and laboratory parameters. CT cine-scans were obtained over 50 s beginning with the injection of 50 mL of contrast agent. Hepatic microvascular parameters, mean transit time （MTT） and permeability surface area product （PS） were obtained with the Perfusion 3 software （General Electric, ADW 4.2）. RESULTS： The overall differences of MTT and PS between control subjects, patients with compensated cirrhosis and those with decompensated cirrhosis were statistically significant （P = 0.010 and P = 0.002, respectively）. MTT values were 15.613 ± 4.1746 s, 12.592 ± 4.7518 s, and 11.721 ± 4.5681 s for the three groups, respectively, while PS were 18.945 ± 7.2347 mL/min per 100 mL, 22.767 ± 8.3936 mL/min per 100 mL, and 28.735 ± 13.0654 mL/min per 100 mL. MTT in decompensated cirrhotic patients were significantly decreased compared to controls （P = 0.017）, whereas PS values were remarkably increased （P = 0.001）.CONCLUSION： The hepatic microvascular changes in patients with liver cirrhosis can be quantitatively assessed by perfusion CT. Hepatic microvascular parameters （MTr and PS）, as measured by perfusion CT, were significantly altered in decompensated cirrhosis.
基金The Science Technology Program of Beijing Education Committee, No.KM200810025002
文摘AIM:To identify the characteristics of morphology, loca- tion and collateral circulation involved in paraesophageal varices (para-EV) of portal hypertension patients with 64-row multidetector computed tomograghy (MDCT). METHODS: Fifty-two of 501 patients with portal hypertensive cirrhosis accompanied with esophageal varices were selected for 64-row MDCT examination af- ter the observation of para-EV. The CT protocol includ- ed unenhanced, arterial and portal phases with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm and a scanning field of 2 cm above the bifurcation to the lower edge of kidney. The CT portal venography (CTPV) was reformatted on AW4.3 workstation. The characteristics of origina- tion, location, morphology and collateral circulation in para-EV were observed. RESULTS: Among the 52 cases of para-EV, 50 showed the originations from the posterior branch of left gastric vein, while the others from the anterior branch. Fifty cases demonstrated their locations close to the esoph- ageal-gastric junction, and the other two cases were extended to the inferior bifurcation of the trachea. The circuitous pattern was observed in 16 cases, while reticulated pattern was seen in 36 cases. Collateral circulation identifi ed 4 cases of single periesophageal varices (peri-EV) communication, 3 cases of single hemiazygous vein, one case of single inferior vena cava, 41 cases of mixed type (collateral communica-tions of at least 2 of above mentioned types) and 3 cases of undetermined communications. Among all the cases, 43 patients showed the communications between para-EV and peri-EV, while hemiazygous vein (43 cases) and inferior vena cava (5 cases) were also involved. CONCLUSION: Sixty-four-row multidetector computed tomograghy portal venography could display the loca- tion, morphology, origin, and collateral types of para- EV, which provides important and referable information for clinical management and disease prognosis.
基金Project(51801129)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,China。
文摘Ab initio calculations are used to understand the fundamental mechanism of the solid solution softening/hardening of the Mo-binary system.The results reveal that the Mo-Ti,Mo-Ta,Mo-Nb,and Mo-W interactions are primarily attractive with negative heats of formation,while the interactions of Mo-Re,and Mo-Zr would be mainly repulsive with positive heats of formation.It is also shown that the addition of Re and Zr would cause the solid solution softening of Mo by the decrease of the unstable stacking fault energy and the increase of ductility.On the contrary,the elements of W,Ta,Ti,and Nb could bring about the solid-solution hardening of Mo through the impediment of the slip of the dislocation and the decrease of ductility.Electronic structures indicate that the weaker/stronger chemical bonding due to the alloying elements should fundamentally induce the solid solution softening/hardening of Mo.The results are discussed and compared with available evidence in literatures,which could deepen the fundamental understanding of the solid solution softening/hardening of the binary metallic system.
基金Sponsored by the National Pre-research Foundation(Grant No.41316.1.2).
文摘To cope with the ever-increasing susceptibility to transient fault in modern processors,a scheme called Tri-modular Redundantly and Simultaneously Threaded processor with Recovery is proposed,which provides transient fault coverage and reconfiguration from partial permanent fault with high performance.Besides two redundant thread contexts,an arbitrator context is introduced to act as either arbitrator or ordinary thread,which can make better use of hardware resources.Its sphere of replication is reconfigurable and flexible in handling changing demands.The simulation with 11 SPEC2000 benchmarks shows that its performance outperforms SMT-Single by 21.5% on average,while maintaining flexibility and fault-tolerant capability.
基金Projects(51671158,51871176,51621063)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014CB644003)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Project(PB2018008)supported by the 111 Project 2.0,ChinaProject(2018JM5098)supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China
文摘Ti5553-xFe (x=0.4, 1.2, 2.0, wt.%) alloys have been designed and fabricated through BE (blended element) sintering to investigate the effect of Fe-addition on athermal ω-phase transformation, α-phase evolution and age hardening behavior. The results show that the formation of athermal ω-phase is fully suppressed in water-quenched specimens when Fe-addition is up to 2 wt.%. The relevant timescales of α formation during initial stages of aging indicate that incubation time increases with Fe-addition. Further aging results in continuous nucleation and growth of α-phase but finer intragranular α lamellae exhibit in Ti5553-2Fe alloy. In addition, the width and extent of grain boundary α-film increase slightly with incremental Fe-addition, especially in furnace cooling condition. Result of Vickers hardness manifests that Fe-addition leads to a strong hardening effect in both solution and aging treatment. The solid solution strengthening is quantitatively estimated by ab initio calculation based on the Labusch?Nabarro model. The evolution of α-precipitate is rationalized by Gibbs free energy. The prominent hardening effect of Ti5553?2Fe alloy is attributed to both large lattice misfit of β-matrix and fine α-precipitate distribution.
文摘Background The incidence of coronary heart disease （CHD） is higher in Northern than that in Southern China, however differences in traditional CHD risk factors do not fully explain this. No study has examined the differences in subclinical atherosclerosis that may help explain the differences in incidence. This study examined these differences in subclinical atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography （CT） for calcification between the Northern and Southern China. Methods We selected a random sample of participants in a large multi-center ongoing epidemiologic study for coronary calcium scanning in one northern city （North） （Beijing, n = 49） and in two southern cities （South） （Shanghai, n = 50, and Guangzhou, n = 50）. Participants from the three field centers （mean age 67 years） underwent coronary risk factor evaluation and cardiac CT scanning for coronary calcium measurement using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis scanning protocol. Results Adjusted log-transformed coronary artery calcium score in North China （Beijing） was 3.1 ±0.4 and in South China （Shanghai and Guangzhou） was 2.2 ＋_ 0.3 （P = 0.04）. Mean calcium score for the northern city of Beijing was three times higher than that of the southern city of Guangzhou （P = 0.01） and 2.5 times higher than for the southern city of Shanghai （P = 0.03）. Conclusions The extent of subclinical atherosclerosis is significantly higher in the northern city of Beijing than that in the two southern cities of Guangzhou and Shanghai, even after adjusting for standard cardiac risk factors. This finding suggests that standard risk factors do not fully explain north south differences in clinical CHD incidence.
文摘AIMTo assess the effect of long-term oral nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) therapy on liver volume change in patients with suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis.METHODSWe reviewed the data of naïve patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis, who had taken oral NUCs therapy, between 2003 and 2007 at Chonbuk University Hospital. We analyzed two consecutive sets of abdominal computerized tomography scans-one at the time of treatment initiation and another at the second-year follow-up. Liver volume was calculated by 3-dimensional liver extraction volumetry program.RESULTSA total of 55 patients (34 males) were included. There was 114.3 mL ± 167.8 mL (12.9% ± 17.9%) of increase in liver volume during the two years of NUCs therapy (993.8 mL ± 242.8 mL at baseline vs 1108.1 mL ± 263.3 mL at two-year follow-up, P < 0.001). The ratio of the measured baseline liver volume to the estimated standard liver volume was improved from 70.8% to 78.0%. An increase in liver volume was shown not only in patients with compensated cirrhosis (P = 0.046) but also in those with decompensated cirrhosis (P < 0.001). Significant factors for volume increases were Child-Turcotte-Pugh grade and model for end-stage liver disease score improvement without virological breakthrough. In multiple linear regression analysis, delta albumin and delta alanine aminotransferase levels showed a significant association with the increase in liver volume (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively).CONCLUSIONLong-term oral NUCs therapy in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis lead to significant increase in liver volume assessed with 3-dimensional liver extraction volumetry program.
