Two dimensional Fourier transforrn electronic spectroscopy （2DES） in the visible region enables direct observation of complex dynamics of molecules including quantum coherence in the condensed phase. This review aim...Two dimensional Fourier transforrn electronic spectroscopy （2DES） in the visible region enables direct observation of complex dynamics of molecules including quantum coherence in the condensed phase. This review aims to provide a bridge between the principles and intuitive physical description of 2DES for tutorial purpose. Special emphasis is laid upon how 2DES circumvents the restrictions from both uncertainty principle and the wave-packet collapse during the coherent detection, leading to the successful detection of the coherence in terms of energy difference between the eigenstates showing as the quantum beats; then upon the possible mixing among the pure electronic transition, single-rnode and multi-mode coupled vibronic transition leading to the observed beating phenomena. Finally, recent ad- vances in experimentally distinguishing between the electronic coherence and the vibrational coherence are briefly discussed.展开更多
B^0(B+s)→γvv decays are useful to determining the decay constants f_B(f_B_s) and B(B_s) meson wavefunction.Using the B meson wave function determined in hadronic B(Bs) decays,we study the uncertainties due tothe typ...B^0(B+s)→γvv decays are useful to determining the decay constants f_B(f_B_s) and B(B_s) meson wavefunction.Using the B meson wave function determined in hadronic B(Bs) decays,we study the uncertainties due tothe types of B meson wave functions.We find that the branching ratios are sensitive to the type of wave functions andinput parameters,but the energy spectrum is independent.The predicted branching ratios are (0.45-1.04) ×10^(-9) and(2.14-3.27) × 10^(-8) for B^0 and B_s decay,respectively.展开更多
Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely ...Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely recognized that the effect of uncertainties on model predictions may be more significant when modelers apply such models for their own modeling purposes.Sources of uncertainty involved in modeling include data, model structural, and parameter uncertainty.To deal with the uncertain parameters of a catchment-scale soil erosion model(CSEM) and assess simulation uncertainties in soil erosion, particle filtering modeling(PF) is introduced in the CSEM.The proposed method, CSEM-PF, estimates parameters of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems, such as a physics-based soil erosion model by assimilating observation data such as discharge and sediment discharge sequences at outlets.PF provides timevarying feasible parameter sets as well as uncertainty bounds of outputs while traditional automatic calibration techniques result in a time-invariant global optimal parameter set.CSEM-PF was applied to a small mountainous catchment of the Yongdamdam in Korea for soil erosion modeling and uncertainty assessment for three historical typhoon events.Finally, the most optimal parameter sets and uncertainty bounds of simulation of both discharge and sediment discharge at each time step of the study events are provided.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21227003, No.21433014, No.11721404)
文摘Two dimensional Fourier transforrn electronic spectroscopy （2DES） in the visible region enables direct observation of complex dynamics of molecules including quantum coherence in the condensed phase. This review aims to provide a bridge between the principles and intuitive physical description of 2DES for tutorial purpose. Special emphasis is laid upon how 2DES circumvents the restrictions from both uncertainty principle and the wave-packet collapse during the coherent detection, leading to the successful detection of the coherence in terms of energy difference between the eigenstates showing as the quantum beats; then upon the possible mixing among the pure electronic transition, single-rnode and multi-mode coupled vibronic transition leading to the observed beating phenomena. Finally, recent ad- vances in experimentally distinguishing between the electronic coherence and the vibrational coherence are briefly discussed.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China under Grant No.A2008000421the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No.Y606252the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department of China under Grant No.20051357
文摘B^0(B+s)→γvv decays are useful to determining the decay constants f_B(f_B_s) and B(B_s) meson wavefunction.Using the B meson wave function determined in hadronic B(Bs) decays,we study the uncertainties due tothe types of B meson wave functions.We find that the branching ratios are sensitive to the type of wave functions andinput parameters,but the energy spectrum is independent.The predicted branching ratios are (0.45-1.04) ×10^(-9) and(2.14-3.27) × 10^(-8) for B^0 and B_s decay,respectively.
基金supported by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)as"GAIA Program2014000540005"
文摘Recent advances in computer with geographic information system(GIS) technologies have allowed modelers to develop physics-based models for modeling soil erosion processes in time and space.However, it has been widely recognized that the effect of uncertainties on model predictions may be more significant when modelers apply such models for their own modeling purposes.Sources of uncertainty involved in modeling include data, model structural, and parameter uncertainty.To deal with the uncertain parameters of a catchment-scale soil erosion model(CSEM) and assess simulation uncertainties in soil erosion, particle filtering modeling(PF) is introduced in the CSEM.The proposed method, CSEM-PF, estimates parameters of non-linear and non-Gaussian systems, such as a physics-based soil erosion model by assimilating observation data such as discharge and sediment discharge sequences at outlets.PF provides timevarying feasible parameter sets as well as uncertainty bounds of outputs while traditional automatic calibration techniques result in a time-invariant global optimal parameter set.CSEM-PF was applied to a small mountainous catchment of the Yongdamdam in Korea for soil erosion modeling and uncertainty assessment for three historical typhoon events.Finally, the most optimal parameter sets and uncertainty bounds of simulation of both discharge and sediment discharge at each time step of the study events are provided.
