中国震旦亚界的迭层石组合及其生物地层学意义

震旦亚界在我国分布广泛,发育齐全,层序清楚,并含丰富的矿产资源和各种类型的化石层位;其时限约在815±20百万年到1950±50百万年之间。现据生物地层、岩石地层和放射性年龄等方面资料,可由下而上分成长城、蓟县、青白口和震旦四个系(详见表1)。

鄂西志留系罗惹坪组底部碳酸盐岩沉积环境分析

通过对鄂西地区志留纪罗惹坪组调查,发现在宜昌分乡一带,罗惹坪组底部碳酸盐岩主要为一套生物礁灰岩,产大量的单体或群体珊瑚化石;长阳杉沱湾,长阳乐园以及宜都梯子口一带主要为泥灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩以及瘤状灰岩组成;而在西侧的建始细砂—羊死岩一带碳酸盐岩消失,主要沉积碎屑岩,为灰色薄层细砂岩夹粉砂质页岩,发育水平层理以及沙纹层理。通过沉积环境分析,认为宜昌分乡一带为礁滩相沉积环境,长阳杉沱湾—长阳乐园一带以及宜都梯子口一带为礁前相沉积环境,建始细砂—羊死岩一带为浅海碎屑岩相沉积环境。

穿越前寒武纪——记西北大学地质学系副主任华洪教授

"古生物其实并不像大家认识的那样,只是一个时间的标签。随着研究的进展,我们越来越发现,古生物本身是对环境的一个很好的反馈。换句话说,我们可以通过古生物的面貌去反溯当时环境的变化。"华洪说。追根究底,华洪所专注的事业,让他更像是一个时空穿越者。透过古生物这一媒介,他穿梭在前寒武纪的洪荒里,探索着过去那个遥远的未知世纪。

Texture and tectonic attribute of Cenozoic basin basement in the northern South China Sea

Based on the drilling data,the geological characteristics of the coast in South China,and the interpretation of the long seismic profiles covering the Pearl River Mouth Basin and southeastern Hainan Basin,the basin basement in the northern South China Sea is divided into four structural layers,namely,Pre-Sinian crystalline basement,Sinian-lower Paleozoic,upper Paleozoic,and Mesozoic structural layers.This paper discusses the distribution range and law and reveals the tectonic attribute of each structural layer.The Pre-Sinian crystalline basement is distributed in the northern South China Sea,which is linked to the Pre-Sinian crystalline basement of the Cathaysian Block and together they constitute a larger-scale continental block—the Cathaysian-northern South China Sea continental block.The Sinian-lower Paleozoic structural layer is distributed in the northern South China Sea,which is the natural extension of the Caledonian fold belt in South China to the sea area.The sediments are derived from southern East China Sea-Taiwan,Zhongsha-Xisha islands and Yunkai ancient uplifts,and some small basement uplifts.The Caledonian fold belt in the northern South China Sea is linked with that in South China and they constitute the wider fold belt.The upper Paleozoic structural layer is unevenly distributed in the northern South China.In the basement of Beibu Gulf Basin and southwestern Taiwan Basin,the structural layer is composed of the stable epicontinental sea deposit.The distribution areas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the southeastern Hainan Basin belong to ancient uplifts in the late Paleozoic,lacking the upper Paleozoic structural layers.The stratigraphic distribution and sedimentary environment in Middle-Late Jurassic to Cretaceous are characteristic of differentiation in the east and the west.The marine,paralic deposit is well developed in the basin basement of southwestern Taiwan but the volcanic activity is not obvious.The marine and paralic facies deposit is distributed in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin basement and the volcanic activity is stronger.The continental facies volcano-sediment in the Early Cretaceous is distributed in the basement of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southeastern Hainan Basin.The Upper Cretaceous red continental facies clastic rocks are distributed in the Beibu Gulf Basin and Yinggehai Basin.The NE direction granitic volcanic-intrusive complex,volcano-sedimentary basin,fold and fault in Mesozoic basement have the similar temporal and spatial distribution,geological feature,and tectonic attribute with the coastal land in South China,and they belong to the same magma-deposition-tectonic system,which demonstrates that the late Mesozoic structural layer was formed in the background of active continental margin.Based on the analysis of basement structure and the study on tectonic attribute,the paleogeographic map of the basin basement in different periods in the northern South China Sea is compiled.