北衙金多金属矿田是藏东-金沙江-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩成矿带中南段的代表性矿床之一,发育一个与富碱斑岩密切相关的金多金属成矿系统。本文较为系统地分析了矿田内的成岩成矿作用特征及其演化过程,并探讨其与印-亚碰撞造山过程的响应...北衙金多金属矿田是藏东-金沙江-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩成矿带中南段的代表性矿床之一,发育一个与富碱斑岩密切相关的金多金属成矿系统。本文较为系统地分析了矿田内的成岩成矿作用特征及其演化过程,并探讨其与印-亚碰撞造山过程的响应关系。富碱斑岩具有埃达克岩的地球化学亲合性,其源区是喜马拉雅期印-亚碰撞造山造成的软流圈向东挤出汇聚使大规模走滑断裂活化,诱发玄武质下地壳部分熔融的壳幔过渡层,成岩年龄可分为第一期(65~59Ma)、第二期(36~32Ma)、第三期(26~24Ma)和最晚期(3.8~3.6Ma)等4期,其中第二、三期与富碱岩带北段的两期岩浆集中活动时期基本吻合,形成的斑岩对金多金属成矿较为有利。区内金多金属矿床可划分为三个矿床类型和七个矿床亚类,即与喜马拉雅早—中期斑岩有关的金多金属矿床(Ⅰ),包括接触带夕卡岩型、斑岩型和热液充填型(及熔浆型)金多金属矿床;与喜马拉雅第三期斑岩有关的金多金属矿床(Ⅱ),包括爆破角砾岩型和叠加热液改造型金多金属矿床;以及与喜马拉雅期表生作用有关的风化堆积型金矿床(Ⅲ),包括古砂矿型和红色粘土型金矿床。Ⅰ、Ⅱ类型矿床受富碱斑岩及伴生的 NE 到 NNE 向断裂控制,赋存于富碱斑岩体内、内外接触带及其附近围岩的层间破碎带或构造裂隙带中,在成因和空间上与斑岩及隐爆角砾岩等密切有关。成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于地幔,围岩地层只是提供了成矿的空间,不同类型的矿体之间呈"贯通式"的时间和空间关系,构成了一个统一的喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩-热液型金多金属成矿系统。先期形成矿床明显受后期岩浆热液的叠加改造,但矿化分布和成矿元素组合仍表现为以斑岩为中心,存在 CuAu(Mo)多金属→FeCuAuPbZn 多金属→AuPhZnAg 多金属的分带特征。从最早期含金铁矿床形成之后,原生金矿的次生富集和表生成矿作用就已开始,并形成不同成因类型的风化-堆积型金矿床。其中,古红色粘土型金矿床的成矿主要发生在始新世到渐新世,河-湖相古砂金矿床形成于23~5Ma 期间,红色粘土型(残坡积型)金矿床可从始新世一直延续至今。通过与区域斑岩成岩成矿演化时序的对比,提出与藏东-金沙江-哀牢山斑岩成矿带上的众多矿床一样,北衙矿田内的成岩成矿作也是喜马拉雅期印-亚陆陆碰撞造山带成岩成矿作用在东南缘构造转换带的远程效应,记录了印-亚大陆碰撞造山的详细过程。因而,该矿田深部及外围地区,仍存在巨大的找矿潜力。盐源-丽江断裂带可能也是一务与藏东-金沙江.哀牢山斑岩成矿带联系密切而又相对独立的富碱斑岩成矿带。展开更多
To better understand the Pan-African-early Paleozoic tectonothermal events of the Nyainrong microcontinent and the constraints on its tectonic evolution,here we report the results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and g...To better understand the Pan-African-early Paleozoic tectonothermal events of the Nyainrong microcontinent and the constraints on its tectonic evolution,here we report the results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and geochemical features of Amdo gneiss in the Nyainrong microcontinent.The outcrops of Amdo gneiss is about 30 km south of Amdo County in northern Tibet.The field occurrence,mineral composition,textural characteristics,and whole-rock geochemical features of the four gneiss samples indicate the protolith of the gneisses is intermediate-acid intrusive rock.Gneiss zircon trace element tracing and genetic analysis shows that zircon has typical characteristics of magmatic zircon.The206Pb/238U concordant age of zircon is505–517 Ma,corresponding to the Middle-Late Cambrian,which is the formation age of the protolith.The samples have characteristics of high silicon,alkali-rich,alkalic rate AR=1.73–3.7,the differentiation index DI=70.78–90.28;rock aluminum saturation index ranges from 1.02 to 1.05,FeO/MgO ranges from 2.63 to 4.50,10000×Ga/Al ranges from 2.12 to 2.41,and P2O5and Al2O3content decreased with SiO2increasing.Th and Y contents have a good positive correlation with Rb content;the genetic type of protolith of the gneiss is the differentiation of subalkaline over aluminum I-type granite.Combined with regional data,the tectonic setting of the Amdo gneiss protolith is closely related to the collision orogenic process.The preliminary view is that the Middle-Late Cambrian magmatic events developed on the microcontinent could be the result of Andeantype orogeny along the Gondwana super-continental margin after the end of the Pan-African orogeny.展开更多
文摘北衙金多金属矿田是藏东-金沙江-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩成矿带中南段的代表性矿床之一,发育一个与富碱斑岩密切相关的金多金属成矿系统。本文较为系统地分析了矿田内的成岩成矿作用特征及其演化过程,并探讨其与印-亚碰撞造山过程的响应关系。富碱斑岩具有埃达克岩的地球化学亲合性,其源区是喜马拉雅期印-亚碰撞造山造成的软流圈向东挤出汇聚使大规模走滑断裂活化,诱发玄武质下地壳部分熔融的壳幔过渡层,成岩年龄可分为第一期(65~59Ma)、第二期(36~32Ma)、第三期(26~24Ma)和最晚期(3.8~3.6Ma)等4期,其中第二、三期与富碱岩带北段的两期岩浆集中活动时期基本吻合,形成的斑岩对金多金属成矿较为有利。区内金多金属矿床可划分为三个矿床类型和七个矿床亚类,即与喜马拉雅早—中期斑岩有关的金多金属矿床(Ⅰ),包括接触带夕卡岩型、斑岩型和热液充填型(及熔浆型)金多金属矿床;与喜马拉雅第三期斑岩有关的金多金属矿床(Ⅱ),包括爆破角砾岩型和叠加热液改造型金多金属矿床;以及与喜马拉雅期表生作用有关的风化堆积型金矿床(Ⅲ),包括古砂矿型和红色粘土型金矿床。Ⅰ、Ⅱ类型矿床受富碱斑岩及伴生的 NE 到 NNE 向断裂控制,赋存于富碱斑岩体内、内外接触带及其附近围岩的层间破碎带或构造裂隙带中,在成因和空间上与斑岩及隐爆角砾岩等密切有关。成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于地幔,围岩地层只是提供了成矿的空间,不同类型的矿体之间呈"贯通式"的时间和空间关系,构成了一个统一的喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩-热液型金多金属成矿系统。先期形成矿床明显受后期岩浆热液的叠加改造,但矿化分布和成矿元素组合仍表现为以斑岩为中心,存在 CuAu(Mo)多金属→FeCuAuPbZn 多金属→AuPhZnAg 多金属的分带特征。从最早期含金铁矿床形成之后,原生金矿的次生富集和表生成矿作用就已开始,并形成不同成因类型的风化-堆积型金矿床。其中,古红色粘土型金矿床的成矿主要发生在始新世到渐新世,河-湖相古砂金矿床形成于23~5Ma 期间,红色粘土型(残坡积型)金矿床可从始新世一直延续至今。通过与区域斑岩成岩成矿演化时序的对比,提出与藏东-金沙江-哀牢山斑岩成矿带上的众多矿床一样,北衙矿田内的成岩成矿作也是喜马拉雅期印-亚陆陆碰撞造山带成岩成矿作用在东南缘构造转换带的远程效应,记录了印-亚大陆碰撞造山的详细过程。因而,该矿田深部及外围地区,仍存在巨大的找矿潜力。盐源-丽江断裂带可能也是一务与藏东-金沙江.哀牢山斑岩成矿带联系密切而又相对独立的富碱斑岩成矿带。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41072166 and 41272240)Program of China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.1212011121248,1212011221093)
文摘To better understand the Pan-African-early Paleozoic tectonothermal events of the Nyainrong microcontinent and the constraints on its tectonic evolution,here we report the results of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and geochemical features of Amdo gneiss in the Nyainrong microcontinent.The outcrops of Amdo gneiss is about 30 km south of Amdo County in northern Tibet.The field occurrence,mineral composition,textural characteristics,and whole-rock geochemical features of the four gneiss samples indicate the protolith of the gneisses is intermediate-acid intrusive rock.Gneiss zircon trace element tracing and genetic analysis shows that zircon has typical characteristics of magmatic zircon.The206Pb/238U concordant age of zircon is505–517 Ma,corresponding to the Middle-Late Cambrian,which is the formation age of the protolith.The samples have characteristics of high silicon,alkali-rich,alkalic rate AR=1.73–3.7,the differentiation index DI=70.78–90.28;rock aluminum saturation index ranges from 1.02 to 1.05,FeO/MgO ranges from 2.63 to 4.50,10000×Ga/Al ranges from 2.12 to 2.41,and P2O5and Al2O3content decreased with SiO2increasing.Th and Y contents have a good positive correlation with Rb content;the genetic type of protolith of the gneiss is the differentiation of subalkaline over aluminum I-type granite.Combined with regional data,the tectonic setting of the Amdo gneiss protolith is closely related to the collision orogenic process.The preliminary view is that the Middle-Late Cambrian magmatic events developed on the microcontinent could be the result of Andeantype orogeny along the Gondwana super-continental margin after the end of the Pan-African orogeny.