The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of C...The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.展开更多
Biochar(BC)is widely applied in agricultural production for its multiple uses such as carbon sequestration.However,application of BC alone has limited effect on soil fertility and crop yield,especially alkaline soil.T...Biochar(BC)is widely applied in agricultural production for its multiple uses such as carbon sequestration.However,application of BC alone has limited effect on soil fertility and crop yield,especially alkaline soil.Therefore,a pot experiment on Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa var.glabra)was carried out in this study to investigate the effect of BC applied with organic fertilizer(OF)on alkaline soil properties and crop yield.To be specific,BC and OF were respectively applied at 0,1%,2%,and 3%,and Chinese cabbage was transplanted and cultivated for 2.5 months.Results showed that BC and OF increased the content of both organic matter and available P in alkaline soil(P<0.05).Moreover,the application of OF alone decreased the pH value but raised available N content of alkaline soil,and the application of only BC demonstrated the contrary effect(P<0.05).OF significantly improved crop yield(P<0.05),but the effect of BC was insignificant.Crop yield was the highest under the treatment of 1%BC and 3%OF.Thus,BC had limited effect on alkaline soil fertility and crop yield,but the application with OF was a good option for ameliorating alkaline soil and raising crop yield.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvie...Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results indicate that assistant AQ can not only increase the extraction yield of HS but also reduce the alkali dosage （NaOH） as well as the extraction temperature and extraction time. Under the optimal conditions of alkali dosage of 9%, AQ dosage of 0.75%, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 30 min, stirring speed of 600 r/min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1：3, the extraction yield of HS reaches 80.08%, which is increased by more than 20% compared with the conventional extraction. FT-IR spectra show that AQ is able to prevent dissolved HS from being destroyed into undissolved substance by alkali and 1-IS obtained in the presence of AQ possesses more groups of COOR and --COOH than that obtained without AQ.展开更多
In this work, sugar cane juice was fermented to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） by Alcaligenes latus TISTR 1403 and A. eutrophus TISTR 1095. The juice was characterized and composed of total sugars 105.5 g·...In this work, sugar cane juice was fermented to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） by Alcaligenes latus TISTR 1403 and A. eutrophus TISTR 1095. The juice was characterized and composed of total sugars 105.5 g·L^-1 （sucrose 36.6g·L^-1 , fructose 26.0g·L^-1 , glucose 21.8g·L^-1 and other sugars 21.1g·L^-1 ）. Each inoculums （ 10%, v/v） was separately cultivated in the medium containing 20g·L^-1 total sugars under condition （30℃, 200 rpm, pH 6.5-7）. It was found that the A. eutrophus can be grown better than the A. latus. Only the A. eutrophus was further cultured under different total sugar concentrations （20, 30, 40 and 50g·L^-1 ）. The optimal contents of total sugar, dry cell mass （DCM） and maximum PHAs were obtained at 50g·L^-1 , 6.013g·L^-1 and 1.84g·L^-1 , respectively after 60 h fermentation which were converted to biomass yield （Yx/s）, product yield （Yp/5）, specific product yield （Yp/x） and productivity of 0.163, 0.05, 0.306 and 0.031 g.Llhl. Large scale of PHAs production was conducted in 5 L fermentor using the optimal condition obtained under 30% dissolved oxygen. The DCM and the maximum PHAs were 5.881g·L^-1 and 1.281g·L^-1 which were calculated to values of Yx/s, Yp/s, Yp/x and productivity at 0.19, 0.04, 0.218 and 0.021g·L^-1 , respectively.展开更多
This paper aims to mitigate the impacts of subsurface drainage system in Ibshan, Egypt on the environment. For studying and analyzing these impacts, data are collected concerning before and after the installation of t...This paper aims to mitigate the impacts of subsurface drainage system in Ibshan, Egypt on the environment. For studying and analyzing these impacts, data are collected concerning before and after the installation of the subsurface drainage system. The environmental impacts are set to be crops yields, salinity, and water table depth. Concerning crops yields, five crops are identified to study the effect of the subsurface drainage system on their productivity. Regarding salinity, the saline areas are investigated pre and post the subsurface drainage system. For the water table depth, the ground water table depths are reviewed before and after the subsurface drainage system. Also, the DRA1NMOD-S computer program is employed to determine the effect of the subsurface drainage system on the water table depth. It is concluded that the environmental impacts of the subsurface drainage system in Ibshan area are very good. The yields of five crops increased from 7% to 38%, 16.4% of saline areas are improved, and the ground water table depth is reduced by 10%. Also, an equation is obtained to predict the percentage decrease of ground water table depth according to the laterals spacing of the subsurface drainage system.展开更多
Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial expe...Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial experimental design was performed to examine soybean yield and nodulation of three genotypes grown with or without biochar and NPK fertilizers in an alkaline soil. We observed synergistic effects of biochar and NPK fertilizer applications on biomass and seed yields for all three soybean genotypes. Total biomass production and seed yield increased on average by 67% and 54%, respectively, with biochar and by 201% and 182% with NPK fertilizer application compared to the control. When applications of biochar and NPK fertilizer were combined, the increases were 391% and367%, respectively. However, the biomass production in the control was very low(692 kg ha-1) due to a high soil p H(8.80). The nodulation increased with biochar and NPK fertilizer applications, and was largest with the combined application. A correlation was found between leaf chlorophyll content(single photon avalanche diode value) and nodule number. We suggested that the synergistic increase in yield was due to a decrease in soil p H caused by biochar and NPK fertilizer applications thereby increasing P availability in this alkaline soil.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20176058）.
文摘The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.
文摘Biochar(BC)is widely applied in agricultural production for its multiple uses such as carbon sequestration.However,application of BC alone has limited effect on soil fertility and crop yield,especially alkaline soil.Therefore,a pot experiment on Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa var.glabra)was carried out in this study to investigate the effect of BC applied with organic fertilizer(OF)on alkaline soil properties and crop yield.To be specific,BC and OF were respectively applied at 0,1%,2%,and 3%,and Chinese cabbage was transplanted and cultivated for 2.5 months.Results showed that BC and OF increased the content of both organic matter and available P in alkaline soil(P<0.05).Moreover,the application of OF alone decreased the pH value but raised available N content of alkaline soil,and the application of only BC demonstrated the contrary effect(P<0.05).OF significantly improved crop yield(P<0.05),but the effect of BC was insignificant.Crop yield was the highest under the treatment of 1%BC and 3%OF.Thus,BC had limited effect on alkaline soil fertility and crop yield,but the application with OF was a good option for ameliorating alkaline soil and raising crop yield.
基金Project(50725416) supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in ChinaProject(50804059) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2008BAB32B06) supported by the Key Program in National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-year Plan Period of ChinaProject(200805331080) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results indicate that assistant AQ can not only increase the extraction yield of HS but also reduce the alkali dosage （NaOH） as well as the extraction temperature and extraction time. Under the optimal conditions of alkali dosage of 9%, AQ dosage of 0.75%, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 30 min, stirring speed of 600 r/min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1：3, the extraction yield of HS reaches 80.08%, which is increased by more than 20% compared with the conventional extraction. FT-IR spectra show that AQ is able to prevent dissolved HS from being destroyed into undissolved substance by alkali and 1-IS obtained in the presence of AQ possesses more groups of COOR and --COOH than that obtained without AQ.
文摘In this work, sugar cane juice was fermented to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） by Alcaligenes latus TISTR 1403 and A. eutrophus TISTR 1095. The juice was characterized and composed of total sugars 105.5 g·L^-1 （sucrose 36.6g·L^-1 , fructose 26.0g·L^-1 , glucose 21.8g·L^-1 and other sugars 21.1g·L^-1 ）. Each inoculums （ 10%, v/v） was separately cultivated in the medium containing 20g·L^-1 total sugars under condition （30℃, 200 rpm, pH 6.5-7）. It was found that the A. eutrophus can be grown better than the A. latus. Only the A. eutrophus was further cultured under different total sugar concentrations （20, 30, 40 and 50g·L^-1 ）. The optimal contents of total sugar, dry cell mass （DCM） and maximum PHAs were obtained at 50g·L^-1 , 6.013g·L^-1 and 1.84g·L^-1 , respectively after 60 h fermentation which were converted to biomass yield （Yx/s）, product yield （Yp/5）, specific product yield （Yp/x） and productivity of 0.163, 0.05, 0.306 and 0.031 g.Llhl. Large scale of PHAs production was conducted in 5 L fermentor using the optimal condition obtained under 30% dissolved oxygen. The DCM and the maximum PHAs were 5.881g·L^-1 and 1.281g·L^-1 which were calculated to values of Yx/s, Yp/s, Yp/x and productivity at 0.19, 0.04, 0.218 and 0.021g·L^-1 , respectively.
文摘This paper aims to mitigate the impacts of subsurface drainage system in Ibshan, Egypt on the environment. For studying and analyzing these impacts, data are collected concerning before and after the installation of the subsurface drainage system. The environmental impacts are set to be crops yields, salinity, and water table depth. Concerning crops yields, five crops are identified to study the effect of the subsurface drainage system on their productivity. Regarding salinity, the saline areas are investigated pre and post the subsurface drainage system. For the water table depth, the ground water table depths are reviewed before and after the subsurface drainage system. Also, the DRA1NMOD-S computer program is employed to determine the effect of the subsurface drainage system on the water table depth. It is concluded that the environmental impacts of the subsurface drainage system in Ibshan area are very good. The yields of five crops increased from 7% to 38%, 16.4% of saline areas are improved, and the ground water table depth is reduced by 10%. Also, an equation is obtained to predict the percentage decrease of ground water table depth according to the laterals spacing of the subsurface drainage system.
基金Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU),Bangladesh for funding of project
文摘Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial experimental design was performed to examine soybean yield and nodulation of three genotypes grown with or without biochar and NPK fertilizers in an alkaline soil. We observed synergistic effects of biochar and NPK fertilizer applications on biomass and seed yields for all three soybean genotypes. Total biomass production and seed yield increased on average by 67% and 54%, respectively, with biochar and by 201% and 182% with NPK fertilizer application compared to the control. When applications of biochar and NPK fertilizer were combined, the increases were 391% and367%, respectively. However, the biomass production in the control was very low(692 kg ha-1) due to a high soil p H(8.80). The nodulation increased with biochar and NPK fertilizer applications, and was largest with the combined application. A correlation was found between leaf chlorophyll content(single photon avalanche diode value) and nodule number. We suggested that the synergistic increase in yield was due to a decrease in soil p H caused by biochar and NPK fertilizer applications thereby increasing P availability in this alkaline soil.
