柠条叶蛋白碱性提取的响应面分析法优化

柠条是一种粗蛋白含量较高的灌木,而且富含全部的人体必需氨基酸.从丰富的柠条资源中提取蛋白对于部分缓解我国目前的蛋白质资源紧缺以及环境保护等问题具有积极作用;因此,通过Box-Behnken实验设计进行柠条叶蛋白碱性提取的响应面优化,得到了适当的模型,并确定了重要参数的最佳水平.根据系统给定的参数得到的预测值与实测值相当接近;柠条叶蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH溶液浓度0.12,mol/L,絮凝pH,2.9,温度75,℃.最终可得柠条叶蛋白浓缩物相对得率(RLPCY)和蛋白相对得率(RPY)分别为16.2%和41.5%.

高碱性提取的大豆油体的成分变化研究

以大豆油体（OB）为研究对象，详细地考察了高碱性提取条件对大豆油体成分的影响，主要包括油体主要成分（中性脂、蛋白质和磷脂）的含量、油体表面的蛋白质种类和氨基酸组成、中性脂脂肪酸组成和生育酚组成。结果表明，高碱性提取会使大豆油体表面的蛋白质和磷脂部分脱离油体，蛋白质／中性脂比值由0．097（pH6．8OB）减小为0．058（pH11OB），磷脂／中性脂比值由0．068（pH6．8OB）减小为0．029（pH11OB）；对中性脂部分（生育酚、脂肪酸）基本无影响；高碱性提取影响油体粒径和zeta电位，粒径由（509±3）nm（pH6．8OB）减小为（451±7）nm（pHllOB），等电点由介于4．5-5（pH6．8OB）提高为5．5-6（pHllOB）；同时说明，油体特殊的天然乳化结构对于保护植物种子中的中性脂意义重大。

苦荞碱性提取物对2型糖尿病模型大鼠降糖作用研究

目的:研究苦荞碱性提取物(FTAE)对2型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用以及对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。方法:通过高糖高脂喂养大鼠4周后腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,35 mg·kg^(-1))复制大鼠2型糖尿病模型。将成模大鼠随机均分为模型组,阿卡波糖组(32 mg·kg^(-1)),FTAE高(86 mg·kg^(-1))、低剂量(43 mg·kg^(-1))组,以健康正常大鼠作为空白对照组。灌胃给药,bid。连续给药4周后,检测大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)值,计算大鼠时间-血糖曲线下面积(AUC)。连续给药6周后,检测大鼠血清胰岛素(INS)与糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。考察FTAE对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果:与模型组比较,FTAE组在给药后第6周FPG显著降低(P <0. 05或P <0. 01),FTAE高、低剂量组分别在给药后第6周和第2周开始FPG与阿卡波糖组差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05或P <0. 01)。与模型组比较,FTAE组大鼠AUC显著降低(P <0. 05或P <0. 01),FTAE低剂量组与阿卡波糖组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。与模型组比较,FTAE高剂量组的INS、HOMA-IR、Hb Alc水平显著降低(P <0. 05或P <0. 01),FTAE低剂量组HOMA-IR水平显著降低(P <0. 05),FTAE各组与阿卡波糖组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05或P <0. 01)。随着FTAE浓度的增加,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率逐渐增加,半数抑制浓度为(116. 468±1. 065) mg·L^(-1),与阿卡波糖组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。结论:FTAE对高糖高脂联合STZ诱导的2型糖尿病模型大鼠有降糖作用,其机制可能与其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有关。

碱性微波提取-ICP/MS法测定土壤中六价铬

采用碱性微波提取法处理土壤样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP/MS)法测定试样中的六价铬,以标准物质测定相对误差的绝对值作为试验指标建立正交模型,确定碱性微波消解的提取温度95℃、提取时间30 min、氯化镁用量0.05 g、提取液体积6 mL为最佳试验条件,采用He碰撞池技术和在线内标分别消除基体带来的质谱和非质谱干扰。条件优化后,方法检出限为0.10 mg/kg,实际样品6次测定结果的RSD分别为13.0%和5.7%,加标回收率为120%和106%。将该方法用于有证标准土壤样品的测定,测定结果均在标准值范围内。

含NaOH碱性钒渣提取液中铬的选择性吸附实验研究

对钒渣进行加NaOH造块、焙烧、水浸以及过滤等处理,得到pH=13.1的强碱性钒渣提取液。将带有铵基[—CH2NH(CH2CH2NH)nH]+官能团的弱碱性阴离子交换树脂B直接加入钒渣提取液中进行选择性吸附实验,研究提取液中铬离子的吸附行为。结果表明,在20、30、40℃吸附温度下,Cr吸附平衡时间分别为24、7、7h。当吸附温度由20℃升高到30℃时,铬离子吸附量相应地急剧增加,优化的吸附温度为30℃,此时Cr平衡吸附量为217mg/g树脂。铬离子吸附遵循准一级吸附动力学模型,当吸附温度由20℃升高到30℃时,铬离子吸附速率相应提高了2倍左右。铬离子在树脂孔道内的内扩散是吸附速率的控制环节;铬离子初始浓度越大,其吸附量越大。热力学上,铬离子吸附同时符合Langmuir模型、Freundlich模型和DKR模型,但最接近Freundlich模型。由DKR模型得到,在20、30、40℃吸附温度下,铬离子的表观吸附能分别为5 000、7 071、7 071J/mol。

挤压处理柠条提取蛋白质工艺的研究

挤压处理柠条后碱法提取蛋白质,确立一种柠条蛋白提取工艺:挤压处理原料→碱性溶剂提取→去除杂质→等电点沉淀→脱色→冻干。挤压处理的最适条件为:挤压温度为130℃、物料水分含量为30%、螺杆转速为160 r/min,碱提的最适条件为料液比1∶20 g/mL、浸提时间60 min、氢氧化钠浓度0.1 mol/L、浸提温度90℃,等电点pI=4.0,脱色选择1倍体积于原料质量的乙醇用冲洗法脱色。最终得到性状优良的柠条分离蛋白,其干物质得率可达24.03%,蛋白质提取率达65.39%。通过营养成分分析、电泳分析,认为柠条蛋白质易褐变主要由于其结构的变化,提取过程会破坏柠条蛋白质原有结构。

碱法提取辣椒素工艺条件的优化

以干辣椒为原料,利用L9(34)正交试验设计研究pH值、乙醇体积分数、温度、时间对辣椒素提取率的影响,并利用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定不同提取条件下的辣椒素含量。结果表明:高于50℃辣椒素易受热破坏;微碱性pH值有利于辣椒素提取;影响辣椒素提取量的因素依次为:温度>乙醇体积分数>pH值>时间,其最佳工艺条件为pH8、乙醇体积分数70%、50℃浸提3.5h,该组合条件下的平均提取量为6.812mg/g。

枸杞多糖提取及消除羟自由基活性研究

以宁夏枸杞为原料,采用碱性乙醇溶液提取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以多糖得率为衡量指标,优选出碱性乙醇提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺条件,考察条件枸杞多糖消除羟自由基的活性。结果表明:液料比、乙醇体积分数、pH值、浸提温度、浸提时间对枸杞多糖得率均有显著影响;碱性乙醇提取枸杞多糖最佳条件为液料比50:1(ml/g)、乙醇体积分数8%、pH10.5,于70℃条件下浸提6.5h,枸杞多糖得率最高可达29.19%,比传统水提法提高9.51%;当枸杞多糖质量浓度为2.35mg/ml时,对羟自由基的消除率可达44.90%。

会泽葛根中黄酮提取的优化工艺及含量测定

目的优化提取会泽葛根中的黄酮并测定其含量。方法采用L_9（3~4）正交实验优化提取会泽葛根中的粗黄酮,并用大孔树脂吸附法纯化以及紫外分光光度法测定会泽葛根中黄酮含量。结果最佳提取工艺为：碱性水溶液提取法、碱性水溶液浓度为4%、料液比1：15（m/V）、微波炉功率为350 W、提取时间4 min、提取次数3次,以芦丁为标准溶液在波长357 nm处,测定会泽葛根中黄酮含量为7.8617%。结论该方法可作为葛根中黄酮提取及含量测定的新方法。

碱性溶液提取-离子色谱法测定中药中二氧化硫残留量

目的:建立中药中二氧化硫的测定方法。方法:样品用碱性溶液提取,甲醛作稳定剂,经C18小柱净化。色谱柱为IonPac AS11-HC型离子交换柱,流动相为15 mmol.L-1 KOH,加电自动抑制模式,用配有电导检测器的离子色谱仪测定亚硫酸根。结果:二氧化硫的残留量在1～100μg线性关系良好r,=0.999 2,检测限为0.53 mg.kg-1,平均回收率为103.7%。结论:该法具有检测时间短、偶然误差小、灵敏度高、操作简便等优点,适于大批中药样品的检测。

Bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated alkaline sediment by auto- and heterotrophic bacteria in stirred tank reactor

Bioleaching Xiangjiang River alkaline sediment contaminated by multiple heavy metals was investigated. Multiple metals in alkaline sediment possess significant toxicity to aquatic organisms or humans and will greatly inhibit bioleaching. The bioleaching method using autotrophic bacteria mixed with heterotrophic bacteria can solve this problem successfully. The experiment results showed that bioleaching efficiencies of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cd were 95.2 %, 94.2 %, 90.1 %, and 84.4 %, respectively. Moreover, the changes of heavy metal concentrations in different fractions in contaminated sediment before and after bioleaching were analyzed by selective sequential extraction, and it was discovered that the main fractions of Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd after bioleaching are Fe-Mn oxide, organic associated form and a residual form. Its biotoxicity decreased greatly. The bioleaching heavy metals from sediment using autotrophic bacteria combined with heterotrophic bacteria can effectively improve the bioleaching efficiency and reduce toxicity.

浅谈GC-MS法分析土壤中苯胺

苯胺作为LARC第3类致癌物,对人体危害大,长期的低浓度接触可引起中毒性肝病,严重危害人体健康。应用现有分析标准,在酸性基体中土壤苯胺的测试回收率低。本文主要研究经氨水调节,在碱性体系中用1:1丙酮-二氯甲烷作为提取溶剂,经快速溶剂萃取仪ASE提取,提取液经净化、浓缩、定容后气相色谱-质谱GC-MS定性、定量分析土壤中的苯胺。结果显示,经过氨水调节使提取体系处于碱性条件下,有助于提高土壤中苯胺的回收率,酸性土壤苯胺的回收率由原来的40%提高到近80%。

Copper solvent extraction from alkaline cyanide solution with guanidine extractant LIX 7950

The use of the guanidine extractant LIX 7950 extracting copper and cyanide from alkaline cyanide solution was investigated.The extraction of copper and cyanide under different initial copper and extractant concentrations was examined and the stoichiometric extraction constant of Cu(CN)32- with LIX 7950 was calculated.Both the distribution coefficient and the stoichiometric extraction constant of Cu(CN)3 2-with LIX 7950 decrease when the temperature is varied from 25℃to 45℃, indicating the extraction process is exothermic.The calculated enthalpy change of the reaction(-HΘ)is about-190 kJ/mol.The copper extraction isotherms under different molar ratios of cyanide to copper are established.The preferential extraction of Cu(CN)32- over Cu(CN)4 3-and CN -has been confirmed and a high cyanide-to-copper molar ratio tends to suppress copper loading. The loaded copper and cyanide can be stripped efficiently by the moderately strong NaOH solutions(0.5-1.0 mol/L)and the presence of NaCN in the stripping solution facilitates copper stripping.

Electric-oxidation extraction of molybdenite concentrate in alkaline NaCl electrolyte

The dissolution of molybdenite concentrate in NaC1 electrolyte was investigated. The results show that the dissolution rate increases with the increase in liquid-to-solid ratio, stirring speed, NaCl concentration and temperature. When the liquid-to-solid ratio is 30：1, stirring speed is 400 r/min, concentration of NaCI is 4 mol/L at pH=9 and room temperature, the leaching efficiency of molybdenite concentrate will reach 99.5% in 240 min. Molybdenite concentrate cannot be electro-oxidized directly on the anode. The kinetic studies show that the dissolution of molybdenite concentrate is represented by shrinking core model with diffusion through a porous product layer of element sulfur, and the apparent activation energy for the dissolution reaction is 8.56 kJ/mol.

Improving extraction yield of humic substances from lignite with anthraquinone in alkaline solution

Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results indicate that assistant AQ can not only increase the extraction yield of HS but also reduce the alkali dosage （NaOH） as well as the extraction temperature and extraction time. Under the optimal conditions of alkali dosage of 9%, AQ dosage of 0.75%, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 30 min, stirring speed of 600 r/min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1：3, the extraction yield of HS reaches 80.08%, which is increased by more than 20% compared with the conventional extraction. FT-IR spectra show that AQ is able to prevent dissolved HS from being destroyed into undissolved substance by alkali and 1-IS obtained in the presence of AQ possesses more groups of COOR and --COOH than that obtained without AQ.

Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by TTF1 from extract of herbal medicine

AIM:To study the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by 5,2,4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone(TTF1) isolated from an extract of herbal medicine Sorbaria sorbifolia.METHODS:Angiogenic activity was assayed using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) method.Microvessel density(MVD) was determined by staining tissue sections immunohistochemically for CD34 using the Weidner capillary counting method.The mRNA and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),vascular endothelialgrowth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2,Flk-1/KDR),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF),cyclo-oxygenase(COX)-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:The TTF1 inhibition rates for CAM were 30.8%,38.2% and 47.5% with treatment concentrations of 25,50 and 100 μg/embryo × 5 d,respectively.The inhibitory rates for tumor size were 43.8%,49.4% and 59.6% at TTF1 treatment concentrations of 5,10,and 20 μmol/kg,respectively.The average MVD was 14.2,11.2 and 8.5 at treatment concentrations of 5 μmol/kg,10 μmol/kg and 20 μmol/kg TTF1,respectively.The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF,KDR,bFGF,COX-2 and HIF-1α in mice treated with TTF1 were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:TTF1 can inhibit tumor angiogenesis,and the mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of VEGF,KDR,bFGF,HIF-1α and COX-2.

The Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Charges in Chlorine Dioxide-Alkaline Extraction-Chlorine Dioxide （DED） Sequence on Optical Properties of Kraft Pulp of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Hardwoods are important raw material for making pulp and paper products. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a fast-growing hardwood species with a wide distribution in Iran and can be introduced as appropriatematerial to compensate the wood shortages of the natural forest. Kraft pulping was performed under different cooking conditions and, based on the relations of pulp yield and kappa number, bleachable kraft pulp at screened yield of 43.3% and kappa number of 31.3 was selected for DED （Chlorine Dioxide-Alkaline Extraction-Chlorine Dioxide） bleaching and its bleachability was studied at different kappa factor in D~ stage. The results indicated that the bleachable kraft pulp from this species has high kappa number at acceptable screened yield and to complete the delignification in the bleaching process, higher kappa factor may be needed in DED bleaching sequence. The main reduction in final kappa number and yield loss were observed at kappa factor level of 0.2 but by further increase in kappa factor up to 0.4, more development were observed in optical properties but at lower opacity.

Antibacterial Activity of Extract and an Isolated Steroidal Alkaloid from the Seeds of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz

The purpose of this study was to isolate a new compound from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz, which showed antibacterial activity. The seeds were macerated with 95% of ethanol and then purified by column chromatography using Avicel as the adsorbent. After that, 50% of methanol in water was used as the eluting solvent and continued to further purify by Avicel preparative layer chromatogram 2 times using 80% of methanol in water as developing solvent. MIC of pure compound was done by two fold dilution method. Muller Hinton agar was selected as the media. The new compound was found as combretin, a steroidal alkaloid, and showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 better than Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

甘蔗叶多糖提取工艺的优化及其心肌细胞保护作用的研究

目的优化甘蔗叶多糖碱性预处理高温提取工艺,分析其单糖组成与分子量,研究其心肌细胞保护作用。方法通过单因素实验和正交试验优化提取工艺。采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生化HPLC法分析单糖组成;高效凝胶色谱法检测分子量。采用MTS法检测细胞活力。结果最优提取工艺为:3 mol·L^(-1)碱性溶液预处理30 min,160℃高温提取30 min,提取2次。单糖组成包括甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸、无水葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖,分子量约30 kD。药效研究发现:甘蔗叶多糖对高糖损伤的心肌细胞具有一定的保护作用。结论碱性预处理高温提取的甘蔗叶多糖含量可达76%;单糖组成分析方法快速稳定、准确简便;甘蔗叶多糖对高糖损伤心肌细胞具有一定的保护作用。

柳蘑多糖对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用的研究

为了研究提取溶剂酸碱性对柳蘑多糖的制备及抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的影响,本文利用稀酸、蒸馏水和稀碱溶剂分别制备三种柳蘑多糖(SPAP1、WPAP1和JPAP1),经过脱蛋白对应得到三种脱蛋白的柳蘑多糖(SPAP2、WPAP2和JPAP2),分别考察柳蘑多糖提取率和纯度的变化以及对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用的影响,并采用红外光谱仪初步分析柳蘑多糖的结构差异。研究表明,提取溶剂酸碱性对柳蘑多糖的提取率及纯度均有显著影响,其中JPAP1的提取率最高,为11.02%,SPAP2的纯度最高,为73.91%。SPAP2对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制效果显著高于其它柳蘑多糖(p<0.05),并与多糖浓度和给药时间成量效关系。其中SPAP2对Hela细胞的增值抑制效果最好,抑制率为90.88%;红外光谱分析SPAP2在1078±4 cm-1和759.83±5 cm-1处有较强的吸收峰,表明SPAP2中C-O-H或C-O-C和环氧基团含量高于其它柳蘑多糖。本论文结果为深入开发柳蘑多糖产品及进一步研究柳蘑多糖诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡机制提供理论依据。