Factors affecting the stability of iodine in soil by Chloramine T-Tetrabase system were studied. The results showed that good measurement stability could be achieved by adding ascorbic acid.
Alkaline anions,include CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–,continuously released from bauxite residue(BR),will cause a potential disastrous impact on surrounding environment.The composition variation of alkaline anions,...Alkaline anions,include CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–,continuously released from bauxite residue(BR),will cause a potential disastrous impact on surrounding environment.The composition variation of alkaline anions,alkaline phase transformation pathway,and micro-morphological transition characteristics during the gypsum addition were investigated in an attempt to understand alkalinity stabilization behavior.Results demonstrated that alkaline anions stabilization degree in leachates can reach approximately 96.29%,whilst pH and alkalinity were reduced from 10.47 to 8.15,47.39 mmol/L to 2 mmol/L,respectively.During the alkalinity stabilization,chemical regulation behavior plays significant role in driving the co-precipitation reaction among the critical alkaline anions(CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–),with calcium carbonate(CaCO3))being the most prevalent among the transformed alkaline phases.In addition,XRD and SEM-EDX analyses of the solid phase revealed that physical immobilization behavior would also influence the stability of soluble alkali and chemical bonded alkali due to released Ca^2+from gypsum which aggregated the clay particles and stabilized them into coarse particles with a blocky structure.These findings will be beneficial for effectively regulating strong alkalinity of BR.展开更多
A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum(PG)on the salinealkalinity,and aggregate stability of bauxite residue.Results showed that:with increasing leaching time,the concentrations o...A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum(PG)on the salinealkalinity,and aggregate stability of bauxite residue.Results showed that:with increasing leaching time,the concentrations of saline−alkali ions decreased while the SO_(4)^(2-)concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate;compared with CK(control group)treatment,pH,electric conductivity(EC),exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP),sodium absorption ratio(SAR),and exchangeable Na+content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment;average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm,respectively.SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter.These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity,and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue,which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.展开更多
A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to study changes in the solubility of copper and zinc in the soil plant system following heavy application of sewage sludge and partial sterilisation of the sludge/soil mixtu...A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to study changes in the solubility of copper and zinc in the soil plant system following heavy application of sewage sludge and partial sterilisation of the sludge/soil mixture. A slightly acid sandy loam was mixed with alkaline stabilised and composted urban sewage sludge solids (`Agri Soil', 180 t hm -2 ), and the soil/sludge mixture was γ irradiated (10 kGy). The contrasts without the application of sewage sludge and γ irradiation were also included in the experiment. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Magella) was grown on irradiated and unirradiated soils for 50 days. Soil solution samples were obtained using soil suction samplers immediately before plant transplantation and every ten days thereafter. The soil solution samples were used directly for determination of Cu and Zn, together with pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and absorbance at wavelength 360 nm (A 360 ). Application of Agri Soil led to a substantial increase in dissolved Cu and a significant decrease in dissolved Zn in the soil solution and these effects were accompanied by increased soil solution pH, EC and A 360 . The alkaline sludge product (Agri Soil) in combination with γ irradiation also led to a pronounced elevation of Cu and A 360 but a marked decline in EC, indicating an increase in dissolved organic compounds and a decrease in the ionic strength of the soil solution. The dissolved Cu and Zn, EC and A 360 usually decreased while the pH increased after plant growth for 50 days.展开更多
Bauxite residue is an alkaline waste material in the process of alumina production due to its characteristics of higher salinity and alkalinity,which results in environmental issues and extremely restricts the sustain...Bauxite residue is an alkaline waste material in the process of alumina production due to its characteristics of higher salinity and alkalinity,which results in environmental issues and extremely restricts the sustainable development of alumina industries.In this work,we conduct a column experiment to study the effects of two amendments on aggregate stability and variations in alkaline minerals of bauxite residue.The two amendments are phosphogypsum(PG)and phosphogypsum and vermicompost(PVC).The dominant fraction in aggregate is 1–0.25 mm in diameter on the surface,which takes up 39.34%,39.38%,and 44.51%for CK,PG,and PVC,respectively.Additions of PG and PVC decreased pH,EC,ESP,exchangeable Na^+concentration and the percentage of alkaline minerals,and then increased exchangeable Ca^2+concentration in bauxite residue.There was significant positive correlation between pH and exchangeable Na^+concentration,the percentage of cancrinite,tricalcium aluminate and calcite;while negative correlation was found in pH value versus exchangeable Ca^2+concentration.Theses findings confirmed that additions of phosphogypsum and vermicompost have a stimulative effect on aggregate stability in bauxite residue.In particular,amendment neutralization(phosphogypsum+vermicompost)in column represents an advantage for large-scale simulation of vegetation rehabilitate in bauxite residue disposal areas.展开更多
The results confirmed that diazepam inhibits the cholinesterase in rat serum,red cell,corpus striatum and diaphragm in vitro,that the higher the diazepam concentration,the stronger the cholinesterase inhibition,and th...The results confirmed that diazepam inhibits the cholinesterase in rat serum,red cell,corpus striatum and diaphragm in vitro,that the higher the diazepam concentration,the stronger the cholinesterase inhibition,and that diazepam is a reversible inhibitor to acetylcholinesterase and diazepam has a stabilizing action on red cell membranes.The role of these effects of diazepam in the treatment of organic phosphate poisoning is discussed展开更多
Meromictic soda and saline lakes are unique ecosystems characterized by the stability of physical,chemical and biological parameters,and they are distributed all over the world.Lakes located in regions with average an...Meromictic soda and saline lakes are unique ecosystems characterized by the stability of physical,chemical and biological parameters,and they are distributed all over the world.Lakes located in regions with average annual negative air temperature are of particular interest because of the presence of two periods with intensive and dynamic processes:the so-called biological summer and the long ice season with the biological spring.Soda Lake Doroninskoe is located in Eastern Transbaikalia(51°14′N,112°14′E) in the permafrost zone in an extreme continental climate,and is covered by ice for seven months per year.The structure and diversity of the microbial communities throughout the water column of the lake was studied by 16 S r RNA gene amplicon metasequencing.Different species with specific functions were found to dominate at different depths.Metabolically flexible bacteria with a capacity to switch between anoxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic chemotrophic metabolism dominate in soda Lake Doroninskoe.展开更多
The sinomenine hydrochloride （SH） patch, a topical drug delivery system, was prepared and characterized. The in vitro release was studied according to the paddle-over-disk method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacop...The sinomenine hydrochloride （SH） patch, a topical drug delivery system, was prepared and characterized. The in vitro release was studied according to the paddle-over-disk method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia （appendix XD, 2005）. Stability of SH patch was evaluated at accelerated testing conditions （40 ℃, 75% RH）. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetics study were also performed. It was found that the release of SH from patches depended on pH value of the release medium. There were no significant differences between SH patches stored for 6 mon and those stored for 0 mon in the drug content, initial adhesion, lasting stickiness, peeling strength and in vitro release. SH patches exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity as well as analgesic efficacy. More importantly, primary pharmacokinetic parameters of SH patch, such as Cmax and AUC, were much lower than those of SH solution dosed orally. In conclusion, the patch might be a promising delivery system for SH, which bypassed the gastrointestinal tract and was a convenient, efficacious, safe and non-invasive delivery method.展开更多
We prepared and characterized the spray formulation of sinomenine for topical administration. The permeation enhancer was selected based on in vitro skin permeation studies. The antioxidant was optimized through stabi...We prepared and characterized the spray formulation of sinomenine for topical administration. The permeation enhancer was selected based on in vitro skin permeation studies. The antioxidant was optimized through stability studies. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties were determined in order to evaluate its side effect and pharmacodynamic action. It was found that azone was the most effective permeation enhancer, and sulfocarbamide was the optimal antioxidant. Alcohol was used as the additive of the sinomenine spray. Sinomenine spray decreased arthritis index of rats induced by Fretmd＇s complete adjuvant. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax and AUCo 24 for spray were 1.17 μg/mL and 3.35 μg/h/mL, respectively, which were lower than those by oral administration. The relative bioavailability was 18.0%. Sinomenine spray was a promising topical delivery system with comparable anti-inflammatory efficacy, but possibly lower side effect.展开更多
Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has shown promising prospects in producing highly valuable chemicals.Herein,we report the synthesis of ultrasmall Ag nanoclusters anchored on NiColayered double...Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has shown promising prospects in producing highly valuable chemicals.Herein,we report the synthesis of ultrasmall Ag nanoclusters anchored on NiColayered double hydroxide(NiCo-LDH)nanosheet arrays(Agn@NiCo-LDH)via a facile electrodeposition strategy.The prepared Agn@NiCo-LDH nanosheet arrays exhibit excellent electrocatalytic HMF oxidation performance with a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) at 1.29 VRHE and the Faraday efficiency of nearly 100%for 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production.This study offers an effective approach to rationally design nanoclusters to achieve high catalytic activity for sustainable energy conversion and production.展开更多
文摘Factors affecting the stability of iodine in soil by Chloramine T-Tetrabase system were studied. The results showed that good measurement stability could be achieved by adding ascorbic acid.
基金Project(41877511)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(201509048)supported by the Environmental Protection’s Special Scientific Research for the Chinese Public Welfare Industry,China
文摘Alkaline anions,include CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–,continuously released from bauxite residue(BR),will cause a potential disastrous impact on surrounding environment.The composition variation of alkaline anions,alkaline phase transformation pathway,and micro-morphological transition characteristics during the gypsum addition were investigated in an attempt to understand alkalinity stabilization behavior.Results demonstrated that alkaline anions stabilization degree in leachates can reach approximately 96.29%,whilst pH and alkalinity were reduced from 10.47 to 8.15,47.39 mmol/L to 2 mmol/L,respectively.During the alkalinity stabilization,chemical regulation behavior plays significant role in driving the co-precipitation reaction among the critical alkaline anions(CO3^2–,HCO3^–,Al(OH)4^–,OH^–),with calcium carbonate(CaCO3))being the most prevalent among the transformed alkaline phases.In addition,XRD and SEM-EDX analyses of the solid phase revealed that physical immobilization behavior would also influence the stability of soluble alkali and chemical bonded alkali due to released Ca^2+from gypsum which aggregated the clay particles and stabilized them into coarse particles with a blocky structure.These findings will be beneficial for effectively regulating strong alkalinity of BR.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42030711,41877511).
文摘A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum(PG)on the salinealkalinity,and aggregate stability of bauxite residue.Results showed that:with increasing leaching time,the concentrations of saline−alkali ions decreased while the SO_(4)^(2-)concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate;compared with CK(control group)treatment,pH,electric conductivity(EC),exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP),sodium absorption ratio(SAR),and exchangeable Na+content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment;average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm,respectively.SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter.These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity,and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue,which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.
文摘A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to study changes in the solubility of copper and zinc in the soil plant system following heavy application of sewage sludge and partial sterilisation of the sludge/soil mixture. A slightly acid sandy loam was mixed with alkaline stabilised and composted urban sewage sludge solids (`Agri Soil', 180 t hm -2 ), and the soil/sludge mixture was γ irradiated (10 kGy). The contrasts without the application of sewage sludge and γ irradiation were also included in the experiment. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Magella) was grown on irradiated and unirradiated soils for 50 days. Soil solution samples were obtained using soil suction samplers immediately before plant transplantation and every ten days thereafter. The soil solution samples were used directly for determination of Cu and Zn, together with pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and absorbance at wavelength 360 nm (A 360 ). Application of Agri Soil led to a substantial increase in dissolved Cu and a significant decrease in dissolved Zn in the soil solution and these effects were accompanied by increased soil solution pH, EC and A 360 . The alkaline sludge product (Agri Soil) in combination with γ irradiation also led to a pronounced elevation of Cu and A 360 but a marked decline in EC, indicating an increase in dissolved organic compounds and a decrease in the ionic strength of the soil solution. The dissolved Cu and Zn, EC and A 360 usually decreased while the pH increased after plant growth for 50 days.
基金Projects(41701587,41877511)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Bauxite residue is an alkaline waste material in the process of alumina production due to its characteristics of higher salinity and alkalinity,which results in environmental issues and extremely restricts the sustainable development of alumina industries.In this work,we conduct a column experiment to study the effects of two amendments on aggregate stability and variations in alkaline minerals of bauxite residue.The two amendments are phosphogypsum(PG)and phosphogypsum and vermicompost(PVC).The dominant fraction in aggregate is 1–0.25 mm in diameter on the surface,which takes up 39.34%,39.38%,and 44.51%for CK,PG,and PVC,respectively.Additions of PG and PVC decreased pH,EC,ESP,exchangeable Na^+concentration and the percentage of alkaline minerals,and then increased exchangeable Ca^2+concentration in bauxite residue.There was significant positive correlation between pH and exchangeable Na^+concentration,the percentage of cancrinite,tricalcium aluminate and calcite;while negative correlation was found in pH value versus exchangeable Ca^2+concentration.Theses findings confirmed that additions of phosphogypsum and vermicompost have a stimulative effect on aggregate stability in bauxite residue.In particular,amendment neutralization(phosphogypsum+vermicompost)in column represents an advantage for large-scale simulation of vegetation rehabilitate in bauxite residue disposal areas.
文摘The results confirmed that diazepam inhibits the cholinesterase in rat serum,red cell,corpus striatum and diaphragm in vitro,that the higher the diazepam concentration,the stronger the cholinesterase inhibition,and that diazepam is a reversible inhibitor to acetylcholinesterase and diazepam has a stabilizing action on red cell membranes.The role of these effects of diazepam in the treatment of organic phosphate poisoning is discussed
文摘Meromictic soda and saline lakes are unique ecosystems characterized by the stability of physical,chemical and biological parameters,and they are distributed all over the world.Lakes located in regions with average annual negative air temperature are of particular interest because of the presence of two periods with intensive and dynamic processes:the so-called biological summer and the long ice season with the biological spring.Soda Lake Doroninskoe is located in Eastern Transbaikalia(51°14′N,112°14′E) in the permafrost zone in an extreme continental climate,and is covered by ice for seven months per year.The structure and diversity of the microbial communities throughout the water column of the lake was studied by 16 S r RNA gene amplicon metasequencing.Different species with specific functions were found to dominate at different depths.Metabolically flexible bacteria with a capacity to switch between anoxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic chemotrophic metabolism dominate in soda Lake Doroninskoe.
文摘The sinomenine hydrochloride （SH） patch, a topical drug delivery system, was prepared and characterized. The in vitro release was studied according to the paddle-over-disk method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia （appendix XD, 2005）. Stability of SH patch was evaluated at accelerated testing conditions （40 ℃, 75% RH）. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetics study were also performed. It was found that the release of SH from patches depended on pH value of the release medium. There were no significant differences between SH patches stored for 6 mon and those stored for 0 mon in the drug content, initial adhesion, lasting stickiness, peeling strength and in vitro release. SH patches exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity as well as analgesic efficacy. More importantly, primary pharmacokinetic parameters of SH patch, such as Cmax and AUC, were much lower than those of SH solution dosed orally. In conclusion, the patch might be a promising delivery system for SH, which bypassed the gastrointestinal tract and was a convenient, efficacious, safe and non-invasive delivery method.
文摘We prepared and characterized the spray formulation of sinomenine for topical administration. The permeation enhancer was selected based on in vitro skin permeation studies. The antioxidant was optimized through stability studies. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties were determined in order to evaluate its side effect and pharmacodynamic action. It was found that azone was the most effective permeation enhancer, and sulfocarbamide was the optimal antioxidant. Alcohol was used as the additive of the sinomenine spray. Sinomenine spray decreased arthritis index of rats induced by Fretmd＇s complete adjuvant. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax and AUCo 24 for spray were 1.17 μg/mL and 3.35 μg/h/mL, respectively, which were lower than those by oral administration. The relative bioavailability was 18.0%. Sinomenine spray was a promising topical delivery system with comparable anti-inflammatory efficacy, but possibly lower side effect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has shown promising prospects in producing highly valuable chemicals.Herein,we report the synthesis of ultrasmall Ag nanoclusters anchored on NiColayered double hydroxide(NiCo-LDH)nanosheet arrays(Agn@NiCo-LDH)via a facile electrodeposition strategy.The prepared Agn@NiCo-LDH nanosheet arrays exhibit excellent electrocatalytic HMF oxidation performance with a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) at 1.29 VRHE and the Faraday efficiency of nearly 100%for 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production.This study offers an effective approach to rationally design nanoclusters to achieve high catalytic activity for sustainable energy conversion and production.
