Piperine is a member of the lipids family commonly found in peppercorn, ginger and other natural sources and is grouped as an alkaloid. The solubility of piperine has been determined in carbon dioxide at near critical...Piperine is a member of the lipids family commonly found in peppercorn, ginger and other natural sources and is grouped as an alkaloid. The solubility of piperine has been determined in carbon dioxide at near critical and supercritical conditions in a dynamic extraction apparatus. The conditions studied were at pressures ranging from 10 to 20 MPa and temperatures at 293, 300, 313, 323 and 333 K. The results showed that piperine solubility increased with increasing pressure at all temperatures studied. The solubility of plperme in near critical conditions was slightly higher than that at supercritical conditions only at the low-pressure range. Two semi-empirical density dependent correlations, namely the Chrastil model and the Dilute Solution model, were also used to estimate the solubility data. Although both models showed good correlation with the solubility data, the Dilute Solution model performed better prediction than the Chrastil model.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvie...Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results indicate that assistant AQ can not only increase the extraction yield of HS but also reduce the alkali dosage （NaOH） as well as the extraction temperature and extraction time. Under the optimal conditions of alkali dosage of 9%, AQ dosage of 0.75%, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 30 min, stirring speed of 600 r/min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1：3, the extraction yield of HS reaches 80.08%, which is increased by more than 20% compared with the conventional extraction. FT-IR spectra show that AQ is able to prevent dissolved HS from being destroyed into undissolved substance by alkali and 1-IS obtained in the presence of AQ possesses more groups of COOR and --COOH than that obtained without AQ.展开更多
Nano-assisted inclusion separation of alkali metals from basic solutions was reported by inclu sion-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane process. The novelty of this study is application of nano-baskets of calixcrown ...Nano-assisted inclusion separation of alkali metals from basic solutions was reported by inclu sion-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane process. The novelty of this study is application of nano-baskets of calixcrown in the selective and efficient separation of alkali metals as both the carrier and the surfactant. For this aim, four derivatives of diacid calix[4]-1,3-crowns-4,5 were synthesized, and their inclusion-extraction parameters were optimized including the calixcrown scaffold （4.4%, by mass） as the carrier/demulsifier, the commercial kero sene as diluent in membrane, sulphonic acid （0.2 mol.L-1） and ammonium carbonate （0.4 mol.L-1） as the strip and the feed phases, the phase and the treat ratios of 0.8 and 0.3, mixing speed （300 r.min-1）, and initial solute concentration （100 mg.L-1）. The selectivity of membrane over more than ten interfering cations was examined and the re sults reveled that under the optimized operating condition, the degree of inclusion-extraction of alkali metals was as high as 98%-99%.展开更多
The leaching kinetics of low-grade copper ore with high-alkality gangues was studied in ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution.The main parameters,such as ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentrations,particle size,solid-t...The leaching kinetics of low-grade copper ore with high-alkality gangues was studied in ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution.The main parameters,such as ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentrations,particle size,solid-to-liquid ratio and reaction temperature,were chosen in the experiments.The results show that the increase of temperature,concentrations of ammonia and ammonium sulphate is propitious to the leaching rate of copper ore.The leaching rate increases with the decrease of particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio.The leaching rate is controlled by the diffusion through the ash layer and the activation energy is determined to be 25.54 kJ/mol.A semi-empirical equation was proposed to describe the leaching kinetics.展开更多
The solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in aqueous alkali is poor, so it isn't used to dye cellulosic fiber in cold pad-batch dyeing. In order to improve the solubility of this dyestuff in alkali liquor, the right...The solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in aqueous alkali is poor, so it isn't used to dye cellulosic fiber in cold pad-batch dyeing. In order to improve the solubility of this dyestuff in alkali liquor, the right dispersants will be needed. A series of condensates are synthesized by changing the synthesis conditions such as the ratio of naphthalenesulfonic (N) to formaldehyde (F), acidity, and their compositions are confirmed by MS spectrum. It is found that in acidity scope of 20%-24% and the ratio of N to F 1∶0.33, the synthesized condensates can efficiently improve the solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in alkali liquor. In addition, the influences of the condensates on the exhaust dyeing and the cold pad-batch dyeing are tested.展开更多
Phase separation behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine/water/polyethylene glycol （PEG） system was studied. The effects of concentration and molecular weight of PEG on the phase separation behavior were investigated. Cl...Phase separation behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine/water/polyethylene glycol （PEG） system was studied. The effects of concentration and molecular weight of PEG on the phase separation behavior were investigated. Clouding occurred when the concentration of PEG was large enough in the betaine aqueous solution, and the concentration of PEG at cloud point decreased with the increase of PEG molecular weight for a constant betaine concentration. The bottom phase was the PEG-rich phase, and the upper phase was the betaine-rich phase. The volumetric ratio of PEG-rich phase to betaine-rich phase, at the same difference between the PEG concentration and the one at the cloud poim, △Ccp （0.1 g.ml^-1）, decreased as the PEG molecular weight increased and approached 1 for higher PEG molecular Weiglai （about 20000）, which was similar to the typicai-aqueous two-phase system. This volumetric ratio depended on the initial PEG concentration, but independent of PEG molecular weight. The concentration ratio of betaine to PEG in both phases depended on the △Ccp independent of PEG molecular weight.展开更多
High concentration alkaline silica sol has been prepared by the method of vacuum distillation, which shows that the stable and high concentration silica sol can be obtained under conditions as follows： 70℃, vacuum d...High concentration alkaline silica sol has been prepared by the method of vacuum distillation, which shows that the stable and high concentration silica sol can be obtained under conditions as follows： 70℃, vacuum degree of 0.095Mpa and dispersant of SDS. The experimental results show that the sol particles size decreases with mass concentration first and then increase, sol viscosity increases with mass concentration during the concentrating process. The TEM method was used to study the dispersion behavior of sol particles, its result showed that sol particles dispersed more uniformly after concentrating process than before concentrating distinctly. It could be concluded that the disperse degree of alkaline silica sol could be increased by addition of right dispersant. The dispersion mechanism of dispersant in alkaline silica sol was also discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by the IRPA Project of the Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation,Malaysia (09-02-03-0101-EA0001)Fundamental Research Grant 2009 Directorate General of Higher Education,Ministry of National Education,the Republic of Indonesia
文摘Piperine is a member of the lipids family commonly found in peppercorn, ginger and other natural sources and is grouped as an alkaloid. The solubility of piperine has been determined in carbon dioxide at near critical and supercritical conditions in a dynamic extraction apparatus. The conditions studied were at pressures ranging from 10 to 20 MPa and temperatures at 293, 300, 313, 323 and 333 K. The results showed that piperine solubility increased with increasing pressure at all temperatures studied. The solubility of plperme in near critical conditions was slightly higher than that at supercritical conditions only at the low-pressure range. Two semi-empirical density dependent correlations, namely the Chrastil model and the Dilute Solution model, were also used to estimate the solubility data. Although both models showed good correlation with the solubility data, the Dilute Solution model performed better prediction than the Chrastil model.
基金Project(50725416) supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in ChinaProject(50804059) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2008BAB32B06) supported by the Key Program in National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-year Plan Period of ChinaProject(200805331080) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Based on the characteristics of the lignite sample, effects of assistant anthraquinone （AQ） on extraction yield of humic substances （HS） and the action mechanisms of AQ in alkaline condition were studied by Fouvier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results indicate that assistant AQ can not only increase the extraction yield of HS but also reduce the alkali dosage （NaOH） as well as the extraction temperature and extraction time. Under the optimal conditions of alkali dosage of 9%, AQ dosage of 0.75%, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 30 min, stirring speed of 600 r/min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1：3, the extraction yield of HS reaches 80.08%, which is increased by more than 20% compared with the conventional extraction. FT-IR spectra show that AQ is able to prevent dissolved HS from being destroyed into undissolved substance by alkali and 1-IS obtained in the presence of AQ possesses more groups of COOR and --COOH than that obtained without AQ.
基金supported by Islamic Azad University (Shahreza Branch)Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council
文摘Nano-assisted inclusion separation of alkali metals from basic solutions was reported by inclu sion-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane process. The novelty of this study is application of nano-baskets of calixcrown in the selective and efficient separation of alkali metals as both the carrier and the surfactant. For this aim, four derivatives of diacid calix[4]-1,3-crowns-4,5 were synthesized, and their inclusion-extraction parameters were optimized including the calixcrown scaffold （4.4%, by mass） as the carrier/demulsifier, the commercial kero sene as diluent in membrane, sulphonic acid （0.2 mol.L-1） and ammonium carbonate （0.4 mol.L-1） as the strip and the feed phases, the phase and the treat ratios of 0.8 and 0.3, mixing speed （300 r.min-1）, and initial solute concentration （100 mg.L-1）. The selectivity of membrane over more than ten interfering cations was examined and the re sults reveled that under the optimized operating condition, the degree of inclusion-extraction of alkali metals was as high as 98%-99%.
基金Project(2007CB613601) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(10C1095) supported by the Foundation of Hunan Educational Committee,China
文摘The leaching kinetics of low-grade copper ore with high-alkality gangues was studied in ammonia-ammonium sulphate solution.The main parameters,such as ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentrations,particle size,solid-to-liquid ratio and reaction temperature,were chosen in the experiments.The results show that the increase of temperature,concentrations of ammonia and ammonium sulphate is propitious to the leaching rate of copper ore.The leaching rate increases with the decrease of particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio.The leaching rate is controlled by the diffusion through the ash layer and the activation energy is determined to be 25.54 kJ/mol.A semi-empirical equation was proposed to describe the leaching kinetics.
文摘The solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in aqueous alkali is poor, so it isn't used to dye cellulosic fiber in cold pad-batch dyeing. In order to improve the solubility of this dyestuff in alkali liquor, the right dispersants will be needed. A series of condensates are synthesized by changing the synthesis conditions such as the ratio of naphthalenesulfonic (N) to formaldehyde (F), acidity, and their compositions are confirmed by MS spectrum. It is found that in acidity scope of 20%-24% and the ratio of N to F 1∶0.33, the synthesized condensates can efficiently improve the solubility of C.I. reactive blue 19 in alkali liquor. In addition, the influences of the condensates on the exhaust dyeing and the cold pad-batch dyeing are tested.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20676069）.
文摘Phase separation behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine/water/polyethylene glycol （PEG） system was studied. The effects of concentration and molecular weight of PEG on the phase separation behavior were investigated. Clouding occurred when the concentration of PEG was large enough in the betaine aqueous solution, and the concentration of PEG at cloud point decreased with the increase of PEG molecular weight for a constant betaine concentration. The bottom phase was the PEG-rich phase, and the upper phase was the betaine-rich phase. The volumetric ratio of PEG-rich phase to betaine-rich phase, at the same difference between the PEG concentration and the one at the cloud poim, △Ccp （0.1 g.ml^-1）, decreased as the PEG molecular weight increased and approached 1 for higher PEG molecular Weiglai （about 20000）, which was similar to the typicai-aqueous two-phase system. This volumetric ratio depended on the initial PEG concentration, but independent of PEG molecular weight. The concentration ratio of betaine to PEG in both phases depended on the △Ccp independent of PEG molecular weight.
文摘High concentration alkaline silica sol has been prepared by the method of vacuum distillation, which shows that the stable and high concentration silica sol can be obtained under conditions as follows： 70℃, vacuum degree of 0.095Mpa and dispersant of SDS. The experimental results show that the sol particles size decreases with mass concentration first and then increase, sol viscosity increases with mass concentration during the concentrating process. The TEM method was used to study the dispersion behavior of sol particles, its result showed that sol particles dispersed more uniformly after concentrating process than before concentrating distinctly. It could be concluded that the disperse degree of alkaline silica sol could be increased by addition of right dispersant. The dispersion mechanism of dispersant in alkaline silica sol was also discussed.
