为探究草原生态系统固碳能力,利用锡林浩特国家气候观象台2018—2021年的涡动相关资料分析了锡林浩特草原生态系统CO_(2)通量的变化特征以及环境因子对CO_(2)通量的影响,并对通量源区分布进行了探讨。结果表明:研究区全年盛行西南风,生...为探究草原生态系统固碳能力,利用锡林浩特国家气候观象台2018—2021年的涡动相关资料分析了锡林浩特草原生态系统CO_(2)通量的变化特征以及环境因子对CO_(2)通量的影响,并对通量源区分布进行了探讨。结果表明:研究区全年盛行西南风,生长季的源区面积大于非生长季,大气稳定条件下的源区面积大于不稳定条件;90%贡献率的源区最大长度接近400 m,与经典法则估算的长度一致。锡林浩特草原净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)具有明显的日变化和季节变化,生长季白天为碳汇,夜间为碳源,非生长季白天和夜间均为弱碳源。2018—2021年,年总NEE分别为-15.59、-46.28、-41.94和-78.14 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),平均值为-45.49 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),表明锡林浩特草原有较强的固碳能力。饱和水汽压差和光合有效辐射有助于草原生态系统吸收大气中CO_(2);夜间,当温度高于0℃时,气温和土壤温度升高会促进植被呼吸作用释放CO_(2)。展开更多
基于涡度相关和波文比气象土壤监测系统,研究了2016年科尔沁草甸湿地生态系统生长季5—9月CO_2通量的动态变化特征,分析了温度、水分等环境因子与其的响应关系.结果表明:生长季累计净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)为-766.18 g CO_2·m^(-2)...基于涡度相关和波文比气象土壤监测系统,研究了2016年科尔沁草甸湿地生态系统生长季5—9月CO_2通量的动态变化特征,分析了温度、水分等环境因子与其的响应关系.结果表明:生长季累计净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)为-766.18 g CO_2·m^(-2),总初级生产力(GPP)和生态系统呼吸量(R_e)分别为3379.89和2613.71 g CO_2·m^(-2),R_e/GPP为77.3%,表现为明显的碳汇.NEE各月平均日变化呈单峰"U"型曲线,其中5—7月和8月中旬表现为吸收CO_2,8月后半月和9月表现为释放CO_2.日间NEE与光合有效辐射(PAR)呈显著的直角双曲线关系,同时受饱和水汽压差(VPD)、土壤含水量(SWC)和气温(T_a)等环境要素调控.回归关系表明,日间NEE达到最大时,VPD和SWC值分别为1.75 kPa和35.5%,而NEE随T_a增加逐渐增大,当T_a达到最大时,并未对NEE产生抑制作用;夜间NEE随土壤温度(T_s)呈指数趋势上升.在整个生长季,生态系统呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q_(10))为2.4,且SWC越高,Q_(10)越小,夜间NEE受T_s和SWC共同调控.展开更多
农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,玉米是我国种植面积和产量最大的粮食作物。在气候变化背景下,准确评价夏玉米农田生态系统的碳源汇特征,对提高农田生态系统固碳能力具有重要意义。利用1991—2022年郑州国家基本气象站气象...农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,玉米是我国种植面积和产量最大的粮食作物。在气候变化背景下,准确评价夏玉米农田生态系统的碳源汇特征,对提高农田生态系统固碳能力具有重要意义。利用1991—2022年郑州国家基本气象站气象数据和2008—2022年郑州农业气象试验站夏玉米农田生态系统CO_(2)通量数据、气象观测数据及夏玉米生物量和产量数据,分析了郑州站气候变化特征以及夏玉米农田生态系统CO_(2)通量变化规律,明确了夏玉米农田生态系统碳源汇特征。结果表明:夏玉米农田生态系统CO_(2)通量具有明显的日变化和季节变化特征,除6月份为碳源外,7—9月份均为碳汇。不同气候年型下,夏玉米农田生态系统碳通量具有一定的差异,总初级生产力(gross primary productivity, GPP)多年平均值为1197.5±129.9 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1);生态系统呼吸(Reco)多年平均值为711.2±129.9 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。不计算收获后的籽粒,夏玉米农田整体表现为CO_(2)的汇,净生态系统碳交换量(net ecosystem exchange, NEE)多年平均值为-342.8±52.3 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。籽粒收获移出农田后,根据理论产量计算,夏玉米农田表现为弱的碳汇,净生物群系生产力(net biome productivity, NBP)为-41.3 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)(占NEE的12.0%);根据实际产量计算,夏玉米农田在籽粒收获后表现为较强的碳汇,NBP为-105.9 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)(占NEE的30.9%)。郑州站气候呈现暖干化变化趋势,气温和降水对夏玉米农田生态系统碳通量无显著影响,日照时数对夏玉米农田生态系统GPP影响显著(P<0.05),并通过GPP对净生态系统生产力(net ecosystem productivity, NEP)和Reco产生间接影响(P<0.05)。夏玉米生长季,日照时数增加15.6 h·a^(-1),GPP增加19.4 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),NEP增加6.6 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),表明夏玉米农田生态系统具有较大的固碳潜力。展开更多
Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field exper...Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of using spent mushroom compost, leguminous plant (Vicia sepium L.) compost, and a combination of the two (at a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio), on rice yield and soil quality in a suburb of China. Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 1:1 ratio produced the highest grain and stover yield, grain and stover phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake of rice; they were 56.5%, 93.2%, 89.3%, 198.6% and 22.2% greater than control soil, respectively. The 2:1 ratio (Vicia sepium L.: spent mushroom compost) produced the highest grain N concentration, stover N concentration, and N uptake; they were 31.6%, 31.4%, and 40.7% higher than control, respectively. Soil physical, chemical, and environmental properties were improved with the application of Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 2:1 ratio. In particular, soil water-stable aggregates, organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity increased, whereas bulk density, pH, and phytoavailable heavy metals decreased. This organic treatment is beneficial to improve soil quality indicators, and contribute to soil restoration.展开更多
The carbon （C） sequestration potential of turfgrass systems has been investigated and demonstrated from several studies. The role of these ecosystems in continental and Mediterranean climates though, is not yet clea...The carbon （C） sequestration potential of turfgrass systems has been investigated and demonstrated from several studies. The role of these ecosystems in continental and Mediterranean climates though, is not yet clearly understood because environmental limiting factors and management intensities can strongly influence the overall C budget. The aim of the present study is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying C fluxes in a turfgrass ecosystem and to assess its C sequestration potential by estimating the annual C budget. NEE （Net Ecosystem Exchange） of turfgrass was calculated in its seasonal variation over one year, and compared between areas characterized by different degrees of maintenance. The C sequestration potential of the turfgrass was investigated in a golf course near Verona （Italy）, adopting a small-chamber enclosure approach. The measurements of gas exchanges between biosphere and atmosphere, permitted to estimate the NEE, as a function of different management intensities. The intensity of management seems to have influence on its C balance. This study needs further research to understand which maintenance variables are determinant on turfgrass C sequestration.展开更多
文摘为探究草原生态系统固碳能力,利用锡林浩特国家气候观象台2018—2021年的涡动相关资料分析了锡林浩特草原生态系统CO_(2)通量的变化特征以及环境因子对CO_(2)通量的影响,并对通量源区分布进行了探讨。结果表明:研究区全年盛行西南风,生长季的源区面积大于非生长季,大气稳定条件下的源区面积大于不稳定条件;90%贡献率的源区最大长度接近400 m,与经典法则估算的长度一致。锡林浩特草原净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)具有明显的日变化和季节变化,生长季白天为碳汇,夜间为碳源,非生长季白天和夜间均为弱碳源。2018—2021年,年总NEE分别为-15.59、-46.28、-41.94和-78.14 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),平均值为-45.49 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),表明锡林浩特草原有较强的固碳能力。饱和水汽压差和光合有效辐射有助于草原生态系统吸收大气中CO_(2);夜间,当温度高于0℃时,气温和土壤温度升高会促进植被呼吸作用释放CO_(2)。
文摘基于涡度相关和波文比气象土壤监测系统,研究了2016年科尔沁草甸湿地生态系统生长季5—9月CO_2通量的动态变化特征,分析了温度、水分等环境因子与其的响应关系.结果表明:生长季累计净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)为-766.18 g CO_2·m^(-2),总初级生产力(GPP)和生态系统呼吸量(R_e)分别为3379.89和2613.71 g CO_2·m^(-2),R_e/GPP为77.3%,表现为明显的碳汇.NEE各月平均日变化呈单峰"U"型曲线,其中5—7月和8月中旬表现为吸收CO_2,8月后半月和9月表现为释放CO_2.日间NEE与光合有效辐射(PAR)呈显著的直角双曲线关系,同时受饱和水汽压差(VPD)、土壤含水量(SWC)和气温(T_a)等环境要素调控.回归关系表明,日间NEE达到最大时,VPD和SWC值分别为1.75 kPa和35.5%,而NEE随T_a增加逐渐增大,当T_a达到最大时,并未对NEE产生抑制作用;夜间NEE随土壤温度(T_s)呈指数趋势上升.在整个生长季,生态系统呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q_(10))为2.4,且SWC越高,Q_(10)越小,夜间NEE受T_s和SWC共同调控.
文摘农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,玉米是我国种植面积和产量最大的粮食作物。在气候变化背景下,准确评价夏玉米农田生态系统的碳源汇特征,对提高农田生态系统固碳能力具有重要意义。利用1991—2022年郑州国家基本气象站气象数据和2008—2022年郑州农业气象试验站夏玉米农田生态系统CO_(2)通量数据、气象观测数据及夏玉米生物量和产量数据,分析了郑州站气候变化特征以及夏玉米农田生态系统CO_(2)通量变化规律,明确了夏玉米农田生态系统碳源汇特征。结果表明:夏玉米农田生态系统CO_(2)通量具有明显的日变化和季节变化特征,除6月份为碳源外,7—9月份均为碳汇。不同气候年型下,夏玉米农田生态系统碳通量具有一定的差异,总初级生产力(gross primary productivity, GPP)多年平均值为1197.5±129.9 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1);生态系统呼吸(Reco)多年平均值为711.2±129.9 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。不计算收获后的籽粒,夏玉米农田整体表现为CO_(2)的汇,净生态系统碳交换量(net ecosystem exchange, NEE)多年平均值为-342.8±52.3 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)。籽粒收获移出农田后,根据理论产量计算,夏玉米农田表现为弱的碳汇,净生物群系生产力(net biome productivity, NBP)为-41.3 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)(占NEE的12.0%);根据实际产量计算,夏玉米农田在籽粒收获后表现为较强的碳汇,NBP为-105.9 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)(占NEE的30.9%)。郑州站气候呈现暖干化变化趋势,气温和降水对夏玉米农田生态系统碳通量无显著影响,日照时数对夏玉米农田生态系统GPP影响显著(P<0.05),并通过GPP对净生态系统生产力(net ecosystem productivity, NEP)和Reco产生间接影响(P<0.05)。夏玉米生长季,日照时数增加15.6 h·a^(-1),GPP增加19.4 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),NEP增加6.6 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1),表明夏玉米农田生态系统具有较大的固碳潜力。
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Support Project (Grant No.2008BAD7B09-2)
文摘Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of using spent mushroom compost, leguminous plant (Vicia sepium L.) compost, and a combination of the two (at a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio), on rice yield and soil quality in a suburb of China. Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 1:1 ratio produced the highest grain and stover yield, grain and stover phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake of rice; they were 56.5%, 93.2%, 89.3%, 198.6% and 22.2% greater than control soil, respectively. The 2:1 ratio (Vicia sepium L.: spent mushroom compost) produced the highest grain N concentration, stover N concentration, and N uptake; they were 31.6%, 31.4%, and 40.7% higher than control, respectively. Soil physical, chemical, and environmental properties were improved with the application of Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 2:1 ratio. In particular, soil water-stable aggregates, organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity increased, whereas bulk density, pH, and phytoavailable heavy metals decreased. This organic treatment is beneficial to improve soil quality indicators, and contribute to soil restoration.
文摘The carbon （C） sequestration potential of turfgrass systems has been investigated and demonstrated from several studies. The role of these ecosystems in continental and Mediterranean climates though, is not yet clearly understood because environmental limiting factors and management intensities can strongly influence the overall C budget. The aim of the present study is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying C fluxes in a turfgrass ecosystem and to assess its C sequestration potential by estimating the annual C budget. NEE （Net Ecosystem Exchange） of turfgrass was calculated in its seasonal variation over one year, and compared between areas characterized by different degrees of maintenance. The C sequestration potential of the turfgrass was investigated in a golf course near Verona （Italy）, adopting a small-chamber enclosure approach. The measurements of gas exchanges between biosphere and atmosphere, permitted to estimate the NEE, as a function of different management intensities. The intensity of management seems to have influence on its C balance. This study needs further research to understand which maintenance variables are determinant on turfgrass C sequestration.
