葡萄糖作碳源时碳包覆量对LiFePO_(4)及其锂电池性能的影响

首先,以Li_(2)CO_(3),NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,葡萄糖、无水乙醇为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法合成FePO_(4)前驱体,再采用碳热还原法制备了碳包覆的LiFePO_(4)(简称为LFP/C);然后,考察了葡萄糖作为碳源时碳包覆量对LFP/C相纯度、粒径、形貌等的影响,并评价了LFP/C作为正极的锂离子电池的电化学性能。结果表明:当碳包覆量过少或过多时,均不利于LFP/C的高温成型过程,在Fe∶Li∶C(摩尔比)为1.00∶1.02∶0.15时,制得的LFP/C-2纯度更高、分散性更好、颗粒更均匀;以LFP/C-2作为正极制作的锂离子电池,在0.2 C充放电倍率下的初始充放电比容量分别为152.20,132.73 m Ah/g,首次充放电效率达91.20%,并且在10.0 C充放电倍率下的充放电比容量能保持在94.70 m Ah/g。

磷化工副产物磷铁制备锂电池正极材料LiFePO_4的研究

本文从废物利用和可持续发展的角度出发,成功利用磷化工副产物磷铁制备了储能锂电池正极材料LiFePO4。从原料磷铁的粒度和碳包覆量两个方面对制备的LiFePO4性能进行了探究,磷铁粒度越小,制备的LiFePO4综合性能越好。当碳包覆量为6.5wt%时,在0.1 C、0.2 C、0.5 C、1 C、2 C和5 C的倍率下,4000目磷铁制备的样品放电容量分别为153、150、143、130、115和103 mA·h/g,和传统昂贵原料制备的对应材料性能相当,表明利用磷铁制备能源材料具有良好的发展前景。

Carbon-coated Fe2O3 hollow sea urchin nanostructures as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion battery

Fe2O3 has become a promising anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in light of its low cost, high theoretical capacity (1007 mA h g^−1) and abundant reserves on the earth. Nevertheless, the practical application of Fe2O3 as the anode material in LIBs is greatly hindered by several severe issues, such as drastic capacity falloff, short cyclic life and huge volume change during the charge/discharge process. To tackle these limitations, carbon-coated Fe2O3 (Fe2O3@MOFC) composites with a hollow sea urchin nanostructure were prepared by an effective and controllable morphology-inherited strategy. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-coated FeOOH (FeOOH@-MIL-100(Fe)) was applied as the precursor and self-sacrificial template. During annealing, the outer MOF layer protected the structure of inner Fe2O3 from collapsing and converted to a carbon coating layer in situ. When applied as anode materials in LIBs, Fe2O3@MOFC composites showed an initial discharge capacity of 1366.9 mA h g^−1 and a capacity preservation of 1551.3 mA h g^−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g^−1. When increasing the current density to 1 A g^−1, a reversible and high capacity of 1208.6 mA h g^−1 was obtained. The enhanced electrochemical performance was attributed to the MOF-derived carbon coating layers and the unique hollow sea urchin nanostructures. They mitigated the effects of volume expansion, increased the lithium-ion mobility of electrode, and stabilized the as-formed solid electrolyte interphase films.

Mesoporous Fe_(3)O_(4)@C nanoarrays as high-performance anode for rechargeable Ni/Fe battery

Rechargeable aqueous batteries with high power density and energy density are highly desired for electrochemical energy storage.Despite the recent reports of various cathode materials with ultrahigh pseudocapacitance exceeding3000 F g^(-1)(or 800 mA h g^(-1)),the development of anode materials is relatively insufficient,which limits the whole performance of the devices far from practical applications.Herein,we report the preparation of mesoporous Fe_(3)O_(4)@C nanoarrays as high-performance anode for rechargeable Ni/Fe battery by a self-generated sacrificial template method.Zn O/Fe_(3)O_(4)composite was first synthesized by a co-deposition process,and Zn O was subsequently removed by alkali etching to construct the mesoporous structure.A thin carbon film was introduced onto the surface of the electrode by the carbonization of glucose to increase the structural stability of the electrode.The unique mesoporous nanoarray architecture endows the electrode with larger specific surface area,faster charge/mass transport and higher utilization of Fe_(3)O_(4),which shows an ultrahigh specific capacity (292.4 mA h g^(-1)at a current density of 5 mA cm^(-2)) and superior stability in aqueous electrolyte (capacitance retention of 90.8%after 5000cycles).After assembled with hierarchical mesoporous Ni O nanoarray as a cathode,an optimized rechargeable Ni/Fe battery with double mesoporous nanoarray electrodes was fabricated,which provided high energy/power densities(213.3 W h kg^(-1)at 0.658 kW kg^(-1)and 20.7 kW kg^(-1)at113.9 W h kg^(-1),based on the total mass of the active materials)in the potential window of 1.5 V with excellent cyclability(81.7%retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles).

Plum pudding model inspired KVPO4F@3DC as high-voltage and hyperstable cathode for potassium ion batteries

The investigation on the cathode material of potassium ion batteries(PIBs),one of the most promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries,is of great significance.Potassium vanadium fluorophosphate(KVPO4F)with a high working voltage is an appealing cathode candidate for PIBs,while the poor cycling performance and low electronic conductivity dramatically hinder the application.Herein,a plum pudding model inspired three-dimensional amorphous carbon network modified KVPO4F composite(KVPO4F@3DC)is successfully designed in this study to tackle these problems.In the composite,KVPO4F particles are homogeneously wrapped by a layer of amorphous carbon and bridged by crosslinked large area carbon sheets.As the cathode for PIBs,the KVPO4F@3DC composite exhibits a high average operating voltage about 4.10 V with a super-high discharge capacity of 102.96 mAh g^-1 at 20 mA g^-1.An excellent long cycle stability with a capacity retention of 85.4%over 550 cycles at 500 mA g^-1 is achieved.In addition,it maintains 83.6%of its initial capacity at 50 mA g^-1 after 100 cycles at 55℃.The design of KVPO4F@3DC with plum pudding structure provides facilitative electron conductive network and stable electrode/electrode interface for electrode,successfully innovating an ultra-stable and high-performance cathode material for potassium ion batteries.