鄂尔多斯盆地北部东胜铀矿区沉积有机质中脂肪酸甲酯的检出及意义

从鄂尔多斯盆地北部东胜铀矿区侏罗系沉积有机质中检出了丰富的脂肪酸甲酯系列化合物。脂肪酸甲酯系列化合物与相应样品中的正构烷烃化合物在分布特征上极为相似。在碳同位素组成方面,脂肪酸甲酯系列化合物与相应样品中正构烷烃系列也具有完全相同的变化范围。因此,脂肪酸甲酯系列化合物很可能就是正构烷烃系列化合物十分重要的母质来源。地质体中脂肪酸甲酯化合物的存在需要在相应的沉积体中维持一个比较严格的弱碱性—中性的环境。这种弱碱性—中性的成岩环境不仅对该地区有机质中脂肪酸甲酯化合物的形成和保存产生重要影响,而且有可能对该地区砂岩型铀矿床的形成产生了某些积极的作用。

基于多参数指标的长江口滨岸多环芳烃来源辨析

在长江口滨岸及临近排污口、滨岸河流、城市中心城区采集悬浮颗粒物、表层沉积物、街道灰尘等样品,分别利用GC-MS和GC-C-IRMS定量分析了不同环境介质中的多环芳烃(PAHs)与有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素(!13C),开展了基于PAH环数、分子量特征比值和有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素组成等参数指标的长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中PAHs源解析研究。研究结果显示,长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中的PAH化合物主要以3￣4环为主,与吴淞排污口、石洞口污水处理厂、黄浦江、滨岸小河流以及上海中心城区等潜在来源区域不同环境介质中的PAHs组成特征相似,主要来源于汽油、柴油、煤炭和木材的不完全燃烧以及石油残余物的混合。其中,木材和煤炭不完全燃烧形成的PAHs以及石油残余物,枯季经过滨岸河流及排污口直接输入,洪季则为城市街道灰尘被暴雨冲刷,随地表径流最终汇入河口;汽车排放(汽油、柴油不完全燃烧)产生的PAHs主要富集在城市交通区和商业区的街道灰尘中,枯季借助区域盛行风迁移至河口区,洪季则主要通过暴雨径流冲刷进入河口。

Relationship of hydrocarbon and source-rock in Nos.3-5 tectonic belts of the Lenghu area,northern Qaidam Basin

Based on analyses of the components of crude oil hydrocarbons and carbon isotopes,the content of normal alkane decreased from 49.00% to 20.10% when moving from the No.3 to No.5 tectonic belt of the Lenghu area of the Qaidam Basin,while cycloalkanes increased from 30.00% to 52.20% and aromatic and branch chain alkanes increased gradually as well. The maturity of sterane in crude oil is higher than that of its source-rock,which shows that the hydrocarbons were generated from a deep source-rock of high maturity around the tectonic belts of the Lenghu area. The analysis of the characteristics of carbon isotopes also shows that these isotopes of hydrocarbon compounds in the No.4 and No.5 tectonic belt are apparently heavier than those in the No.3 belt. The results of our research show that the hydrocarbons in the No.3 tectonic belt are mainly from a relatively rich sapropelic substance,while the hydrocarbons in the No.4 and No.5 tectonic belt originated mainly from organic matter of a relatively rich humic type substance.

盐湖沉积环境未成熟油的成因与碳酸盐沉积阶段沉积的有机质有关

研究了江汉盆地潜江组一剖面样品的矿物学、岩石学、有机地球化学特征，结合这一盆地的其他研究资料，认为江汉盆地形成的未成熟油主要与碳酸沉积阶段形成的有机质有关，在未成熟油储量统计时，只有计算碳酸盐沉积阶段形成的沉积物才有意义．

The specific carbon isotopic compositions of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons from Fushun oil shale

Various branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are isolated from the Fushun oil shale and their carbon isotopes are determined. The analytical results show that the branched and cyclic hydrocarbons are fully separated from n-alkanes by 5 molecular-sieve adduction using long time and cold solvent. The branched and cyclic hydrocarbon frac-tion obtained by this method is able to satisfy the analytic requests of GC-IRMS. The carbon isotopic compositions of these branched and cyclic hydrocarbons obtained from the sample indicate that they are derived from photoautotrophic algae, chemoautotrophic bacteria (-33.4—-39.0) and methanotrophic bacteria (-38.4—-46.3). However the long-chain 2-methyl-branched alkanes indicate that their carbon isotopic compositions reflect biological origin from higher plants. The carbon isotopic composition of C30 4-methyl sterane (-22.1? is the heaviest in all studied ste- ranes, showing that the carbon source or growth condition for its precursor, dinoflagellate, may be different from that of regular steranes. The variation trend of d 13C values between isomers of hopanes shows that 13C-enriched precursors take precedence in process of their epimerization. Methanotro-phic hopanes presented reveal the processes of strong trans-formation of organic matter and cycling of organic carbon in the water column and early diagenesis of oil shale.

西湖凹陷L构造与松辽盆地原油地球化学特征对比

为了明确西湖凹陷L构造原油地球化学特征及其成因,对已有的原油分析结果进行分析,并与松辽盆地陆相原油地化特征进行横向对比,取得了一系列新认识:研究区原油的(∑C21)/(∑C22)比值大及族组分同位素比松辽盆地要重,反映了母质倾向于陆相高等植物;海松酸骨架的三环二萜类组成反映了陆相高等植物裸子植物松柏目树脂成因,则研究区原油为陆源高等植物的贡献;原油成熟度参数C2920S/20(S+R)值在0.45左右,属于生油高峰期产生的中等成熟原油,Ts/Tm、C30藿/莫及C3122S/22(S+R)成熟度参数总体上小于松辽盆地成熟油,而大于其低成熟油,反映了L构造原油属低熟--成熟的特征。