甲醇羰基化制乙酸

Monsanto公司的甲醇羰基化制乙酸工艺具有甲醇转化率高、产物产率高等优点 ,但也存在着主催化剂铑价格昂贵、助催化剂碘化物腐蚀设备等缺点。本文重点从催化机理研究方面介绍了国内外对Monsanto技术的最新改进研究工作、英国石油 ( BP)公司的甲醇羰基化制乙酸铱基催化体系 (名为 Cati-va TM工艺 ) ,并介绍了无碘化物促进的甲醇羰基化催化体系 ,分析了不同催化体系的优缺点及研究发展趋势。

超临界条件下C_4烷基化催化剂失活动力学的研究

在对工业混合C4 为原料的烷基化反应研究的基础上 ,对La2 O3 SO4 2 - Fe2 O3 /Hβ Al2 O3 催化剂的失活动力学进行了研究 ,建立了该催化剂在超临界烷基化反应条件下的失活动力学方程 ,并对失活因子与超临界流体的密度进行了关联 .

奎宁环促进的缺电性含氮芳杂环碳氢硅基化反应研究

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,以氢硅烷为硅基源,开发了一项奎宁环促进的缺电性含氮芳杂环碳氢硅基化反应新技术.新反应以氢原子转移和硅自由基生成为特征,绿色温和,操作简便,易于放大,底物适用范围广,官能团兼容性强,可有效实现多类型缺电性含氮芳杂环上硅基的高效引入.此外,与基于碳硅键断裂的偶联反应相结合,新反应在缺电性含氮芳杂环快速修饰中也展现出了广阔的应用前景.

A Pd-metalated porous organic polymer as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for C–C couplings

An efficient catalyst system based on a Pd-metalated porous organic polymer bearing phenanthroline ligands was designed and synthesized.This catalyst was applied to various C–C bond-forming reactions,including the Suzuki,Heck and Sonogashira couplings,and afforded the corresponding products while exhibiting excellent activities and selectivities.More importantly,this catalyst can be readily recycled.These features show that such catalysts have significant potential applications in the future.

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported bifunctional PtM(M=Ru,Fe,Mo)electrocatalysts for a fuel cell anode

The deposition onto an ordered mesoporous carbon（OMC）support of well dispersed PtM（M = Ru,Fe,Mo）alloy nanoparticles（NPs）were synthesized by a direct replication method using SBA-15 as the hard template,furfuryl alcohol and trimethylbeneze as the primary carbon sources,and metal acetylacetonate as the alloying metal precursor and secondary carbon source.The physicochemical properties of the PtM-OMC catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray absorption near edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure.The alloy PtM NPs have an average size of 2-3 nm and were well dispersed in the pore channels of the OMC support.The second metal（M）in the PtM NPs was mostly in the reduced state,and formed a typical core（Pt）-shell（M）structure.Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that these PtM-OMC electrodes had excellent electrocatalytic activities and tolerance to CO poisoning during the methanol oxidation reaction,which surpassed those of typical activated carbon-supported PtRu catalysts.In particular,the PtFe-OMC catalyst,which exhibited the best performance,can be a practical anodic electrocatalyst in direct methanol fuel cells due to its superior stability,excellent CO tolerance,and low production cost.

Secondary Crystallization of Na_2CO_3-Modified HZSM-5 Zeolites with Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide and Their Catalytic Performance in Thiophene Alkylation Reaction

The Na2CO3-modified HZSM-5 zeolites were further treated by tetrapropylammonium hydroxide(TPAOH) solution. The effect of TPAOH concentration on the secondary crystallization process was investigated. The resulting samples were characterized by a complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XPS, 27 Al and 29 Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, BET and temperature-programmed desorption techniques. The results showed that the secondary crystallization of the HZSM-5 zeolite could result in migration of non-framework species from the internal channels to the zeolite surface and their transformation into framework species. The catalytic activity of these modified samples for thiophene alkylation was evaluated. Both the activity and stability of the catalysts were improved after secondary crystallization.

Reaction Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Oil Using a Carbon-based Solid Acid Catalyst

The kinetics of simultaneous transesterification and esterification with a carbon-based solid acid catalyst was studied.Two solid acid catalysts were prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized vegetable oil asphalt and petroleum asphalt.These catalysts were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis,acidity site concentration,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）surface area and pore size.The kinetic parameters with the two catalysts were determined,and the reaction system can be described as a pseudo homogeneous catalyzed reaction.All the forward and reverse reactions follow second order kinetics.The calculated concentration values from the kinetic equations are in good agreement with experimental values.

Molecular Simulation of Naphthenic Acid Removal on Acidic Catalyst(I) Mechanism of Catalytic Decarboxylation

In this paper, the charge distribution, the chemical bond order and the reactive performance of carboxylic acid model compounds on acidic catalyst were investigated by using molecular simulation technology. The simulation results showed that the bond order of C—O was higher than that of C—C, and C—C bond connected to the carbon atom in the carboxyl radical had the lowest bond order. The charge distributions of model naphthenic acids were similar in characteristics that the negative charges were concentrated on carboxyls. According to the simulation results, the mechanisms of catalytic decar- boxylation over acidic solid catalyst were proposed, and a new route was put forward regarding removal of the naphthenic acid from crude oil through catalytic decarboxylation.

Carbon Dioxide Captured from Flue Gas by Modified Ca-based Sorbents in Fixed-bed Reactor at High Temperature

Four kinds of Ca-based sorbents were prepared by calcination and hydration reactions using different precursors： calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate monohydrate and calcium oxide. The CO2 absorption capacity of those sorbents was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 350-650 ℃. It was found that all of those sorbents showed higher capacity for CO2 absorption when the operating temperature higher than 450 ℃. The CaAc2-CaO sorbent showed the highest CO2 absorption capacity of 299 mg.g-1. The mor- phology of those sorbents was examined by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, and the changes of composition before and after carbonation were also determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Results indicated that those sorbents have the similar chemical compositions and crystalline phases before carbonation reaction [mainly Ca（OH）2], and CaCO3 is the main component after carbonation reaction. The SEM morphology shows clearly that the sorbent pores were filled with reaction products after carbonation reaction, and became much denser than before. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms indicated that the CaAc2-CaO and CaCO3-CaO sorbents have higher specific surface area. lar2er oore volume and anoropriate pore size distribution than that of CaO-CaO and Ca（OH）2-CaO.

Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate over the Magnetic Catalysts Pd/La_(1-x)Pb_xMnO_3 (x=0.2-0.7)

The magnetic perovskite-supported palladium catalysts Pd/Lal_xPbxMnO3 （x = 0.2-0.7） were prepared and used for the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by the X-ray diffraction （XRD）, surface area measurement BET, vibration sample magnetometer （VSM） and tem- perature-programmed reduction （TPR）. The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetic Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 （x = 0.4-0.5） obtain relative better catalytic activity. It can be explained by higher concentration of oxygen vacan- cies, larger amount and better mobility of lattice oxygen of their support. Furthermore, these samples possess suffi- cient saturated magnetization. Thus, Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 （x = 0.4-0.5） may be suitable for operation in the magneti- cally stabilized bed reactor.

Recent advances in fixation of CO_(2) into organic carbamates through multicomponent reaction strategies

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) is the main greenhouse gas and also an ideal C1 feedstock in organic synthesis because it is abundant,nontoxic,nonflammable,and renewable.The synthesis of organic carbamates using CO_(2) as a phosgene alternative has attracted extensive attention because of the importance of carbamates in organic synthesis and in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.In recent decades,many multicomponent reaction strategies have been designed for constructing different types of organic carbamate molecules.Most of these methods rely on the in situ generation of carbamate anions from CO_(2) and amines,followed by reactions with other coupling partners.Synthetic strategies for acyclic carbamates include nucleophile‐electrophile coupling,nucleo‐phile‐nucleophile oxidative coupling,difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons,and C–H bond functionalization.Strategies for the synthesizing cyclic carbamates include carboxylative cyclization of in situ‐generated unsaturated amines and difunctionalization of unsaturated amines with CO_(2) and other electrophilic reagents.This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of organic carbamates from CO_(2) using different multicomponent reaction strategies.Future perspectives and challenges in the incorporation of CO_(2) into carbamates are also presented.

Silver-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of alkynic hydrazones with carbon dioxide

The development of new catalytic methodologies to synthesize heterocyclic fine chemicals using carbon dioxide as a synthon has attracted considerable attention. Herein, we report the silver( I)-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of a variety of alkynic hydrazones with carbon dioxide to produce the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-ones under mild reaction conditions. In this reaction, silver(I) salts play a π-Lewis acid role for the highly efficient activation of the alkyne moiety in the hydrazone substrates. Single-crystal X-ray analysis and NOE experiments confirm that the newly formed oxadiazinone products exhibit Z configuration. Based on control experiments and NMR studies, a mechanism including the formation of a reactive carbazate intermediate, electrophilic cyclization, and subsequent protonation is proposed. This study offers an efficient and atom- economical method for the synthesis of biologically important 1,3,4-oxadiazin-2-ones.

基于实时直接分析质谱技术的氯铝酸及其复合离子液体分析

经氯化亚铜改性的氯铝酸复合离子液体是碳四烷基化反应的优良催化剂,具有很高的催化活性和目标产物选择性.深入解析离子液体的组成、阴阳离子的形态及改性金属对酸中心结构的影响有助于烷基化反应机理的研究及催化剂的定向设计.首先,本工作开发了实时直接分析离子化方法,实现了氯铝酸及其复合离子液体的有效电离和直接分析.其次,通过与静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用、同位素峰法指认、多级质谱结构解析等对离子液体组成进行了准确表征,确定了酸性阴离子的存在形态,并明确鉴别出复合离子液体中Cu(Ⅰ)-Al(Ⅲ)双金属配位中心阴离子的存在.进而,借助高能碰撞解离技术对双金属配位中心阴离子[CuAlCl5]^-和[CuAl2Cl8]^-的结构进行了解析.最后,依据质谱分析结果对复合离子液体的卓越催化性能进行了构效关系分析.本研究为Cu(Ⅰ)-Al(Ⅲ)双金属配位中心对复合离子液体优异催化活性的贡献提供了可靠依据,为深入研究复合离子液体催化碳四烷基化反应机理奠定了基础.

Carbon skeleton doped with Co, N, S and P as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

A new strategy for the preparation of highly efficient catalyst used in oxygen evolution reaction （OER） in alkaline media was developed. A Co-containing carbonitride polymer network （CoCN） was selected as a structural-direct- ing template and a hypercross-linked polymer containing S and P, which formed on CoCN skeleton in situ, was used as a cover. After calcination at 450℃ for 2 h, an interconnected nanostructure was obtained and showed excellent activity and high stability for electrochemical water splitting. Trace amount of Co and other heteroatoms including N, S, P and the formed Co-N and Co-O species are essential for the im- pressive catalysis performance. The calcination temperature of 450℃ is optimal to the catalysis performance. These results suggest that Co in addition to heteroatom-doped （S, P） car- bonitride could be used as a supplement and/or an alternative to noble metal oxides for water splitting.

Palladium-catalyzed R_2(O)P-directed C(sp^2)–H activation

In recent years,transition-metal-catalyzed inert C–H bond activation has developed rapidly and is a powerful protocol for the construction of new C–C or C–X bonds and the introduction of new functional groups.Our group has also developed a series of R2(O)P-directed Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalizations involving olefination,hydroxylation,acetoxylation,arylation,and acylation through an uncommon seven-membered cyclo-palladium pretransition state.Unlike previously used directing groups,the R2(O)P group acts as a directing group and is also involved in the construction of P,-hetero-ligands.