全球碳基电子技术发展态势分析

当前,摩尔定律正遭遇技术与成本两方面的发展瓶颈,传统的硅基电子技术临近发展极限。凭借尺寸小、速度快、功耗低、工艺简单等优势,碳基电子成为极具发展潜力的替代性半导体技术之一,获得了众多国家政府机构和大型公司的积极关注与研发布局。本文回顾了近年来美国、欧盟、英国、日本等主要国家和地区在碳基电子技术方面的战略规划和项目部署,分析了石墨烯电子技术、碳纳米管电子技术、碳化硅电子技术三大碳基电子技术的发展现状与趋势。最后,对我国碳基电子技术的发展提出了建议,具体包括:应制定国家碳基电子技术发展战略,完善顶层布局;进一步整合优势资源,建立产学研联合攻关网络,突破关键碳基电子技术产业化瓶颈,在全球电子信息技术产业中获取更多的话语权。

后摩尔时代的碳基电子技术:进展、应用与挑战

近六十年来,以硅为核心材料的半导体技术,特别是CMOS集成电路技术推动了人类信息社会的深刻变革,但也逐渐接近其物理极限和工程极限,全球半导体产业已经进入后摩尔时代.半导体性碳纳米管具有高迁移率、超薄体等诸多优异的电学特性,因此成为后摩尔时代新型半导体材料的有力候选.基于碳纳米管的碳基电子技术历经二十余年发展,在材料制备、器件物理和晶体管制备等基础性问题中也已经取得了根本性突破,其产业化进程从原理上看已经没有不可逾越的障碍.因此,本文着重介绍了碳基电子技术在后摩尔时代的本征优势,综述了碳基电子技术的基础性问题、进展和下一步的优化方向,及其在数字集成电路、射频电子、传感器、三维集成和特种芯片等领域的应用前景.最后,本文还分析了碳基电子技术产业化进程中的综合性挑战,并对其未来发展做出预测和展望.

The use of carbon-based particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactors for wastewater treatment

The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research focus in this technology.They are usually in the form of particles that fill the space between the cathode and anode,and the selection of materials used is important.Carbon-based materials are widely used because of their large specific surface area,good adsorption performance,high chemical stability and low cost.The principles of 3D electrode technology are introduced and recent research on its use for degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes is summarized.The classification of particle electrodes is introduced and the challenges for the future development of carbon-based particle electrodes in wastewater treatment are discussed.