Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompa...Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.展开更多
A manufacturing method is proposed for carbon based composite double polymer compliant electrode.The stiffness of this compliant electrode is changed by adjusting the mass fraction of carbon black and the ratios betwe...A manufacturing method is proposed for carbon based composite double polymer compliant electrode.The stiffness of this compliant electrode is changed by adjusting the mass fraction of carbon black and the ratios between Ecoflex20 and RT625.Tensile machine is used to test its ductility and hardness.The conductivity is measured through the source table.Finally,it is printed on the dielectric elastomers(DE)film,and the high-voltage amplifier is used for dielectric elastomers actuators(DEAs)dynamics testing.The results show that the compliant electrode has high tensile properties(>200%),low stiffness(<300 kPa)and well conductivity(0.0493 S/cm).It is proved that the DEAs displacement output is up to 1.189 mm by this compliant electrode under dynamic response,which is 1.64 times and 1.32 times of the same type.Moreover,this formula extends the curing time of the original compliant electrode ink.It can provide a reference for the production of compliant electrode and DEAs in the future.展开更多
The design and preparation of non-precious metal and carbon-based nanocomposites are critical to the development of efficient catalysts for technologies ranging from water splitting to fuel cell. Here, we present a co...The design and preparation of non-precious metal and carbon-based nanocomposites are critical to the development of efficient catalysts for technologies ranging from water splitting to fuel cell. Here, we present a constrained-volume self-assembly process for the one-step continuous precipitation-induced formation of soft colloidal particles, in which hydrophobic organoferrous compound,（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3, is encapsulated within poly（styrene-co-acrylonitrile） nanoparticles（NPs）. The protective and confining polymer matrix ensures uniform carbonization and dispersion of（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3 within a carbon matrix after a pyrolysis process. The obtained carbon NPs are successfully co-doped with Fe, P and N with a relatively high surface area of-380 m^2 g^（-1）. The Fe-P-N-doped carbon catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes via a favorable four-electron pathway. Meanwhile, the catalytic capability of Fe-P-N-doped carbon can be tailored by the tunable nanostructures.展开更多
Trace organic contaminants (TOCs) correspond to a broad range of molecules generated either directly or indirectly by human activity. Even though TOCs are found at low concentrations in the environment, they often acc...Trace organic contaminants (TOCs) correspond to a broad range of molecules generated either directly or indirectly by human activity. Even though TOCs are found at low concentrations in the environment, they often accumulate by biomagnification and bioaccumulation into biological organisms and cause irreversible damages in biological systems through direct or indirect toxic effects such as endocrine disruption and tumour initiation. This manuscript presents the main findings of over fifteen years of research focusing on biological removal of various TOCs found in sewage sludge from urban treatment plants. A special focus of the research was made on microbial processes in complex anaerobic ecosystems. Four families of compounds mostly retrieved in urban plants were studied: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), the phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and the nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). It was observed that the microbial capability for removing low amounts of TOCs required a long adaptation time and was often limited by the bioavailability of these compounds. In fact, the overall biodegradation resulted from the numerous interactions existing between the matrix (organic matter) and the microbial ecosystems according to the physico-chemical sorption properties of these compounds. Mechanistic aspects were also tackled in depth and specific models were developed for better understanding the network of interactions between TOCs, microorganisms, and organic matter. These findings could be extrapolated to other ecosystems such as soils and sediments. Finally, it was shown that microbial cometabolism was essential for TOC removal, and the concept of bioavailability was not only dependent on the nature, the level, and the sorption properties of TOCs but was also strongly dependent on the nature and the concentration of the sludge organic matter. Specific parameters were proposed for better evaluating the fate of TOCs in microbial anaerobic processes and technological solutions for efficient removal of these compounds were also proposed.展开更多
基金Project(AA18242008)supported by the Guangxi Science&Technology Major Project,ChinaProject(HZXYKFKT201904)supported by the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization,China。
文摘Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.
基金Science and Technology Talent Project of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau,Shaanxi Province(No.2020KJRC0049)。
文摘A manufacturing method is proposed for carbon based composite double polymer compliant electrode.The stiffness of this compliant electrode is changed by adjusting the mass fraction of carbon black and the ratios between Ecoflex20 and RT625.Tensile machine is used to test its ductility and hardness.The conductivity is measured through the source table.Finally,it is printed on the dielectric elastomers(DE)film,and the high-voltage amplifier is used for dielectric elastomers actuators(DEAs)dynamics testing.The results show that the compliant electrode has high tensile properties(>200%),low stiffness(<300 kPa)and well conductivity(0.0493 S/cm).It is proved that the DEAs displacement output is up to 1.189 mm by this compliant electrode under dynamic response,which is 1.64 times and 1.32 times of the same type.Moreover,this formula extends the curing time of the original compliant electrode ink.It can provide a reference for the production of compliant electrode and DEAs in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21774095)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation (17ZR1432200)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0400219376)the start-up funding from Tongji Universitythe Young Thousand Talented Program
文摘The design and preparation of non-precious metal and carbon-based nanocomposites are critical to the development of efficient catalysts for technologies ranging from water splitting to fuel cell. Here, we present a constrained-volume self-assembly process for the one-step continuous precipitation-induced formation of soft colloidal particles, in which hydrophobic organoferrous compound,（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3, is encapsulated within poly（styrene-co-acrylonitrile） nanoparticles（NPs）. The protective and confining polymer matrix ensures uniform carbonization and dispersion of（Ph3P）2Fe（CO）3 within a carbon matrix after a pyrolysis process. The obtained carbon NPs are successfully co-doped with Fe, P and N with a relatively high surface area of-380 m^2 g^（-1）. The Fe-P-N-doped carbon catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes via a favorable four-electron pathway. Meanwhile, the catalytic capability of Fe-P-N-doped carbon can be tailored by the tunable nanostructures.
基金Supported by the French Agency for Environment and Energy(ADEME) (No.0075033)the Ph.D.Grants and the Marie-Curie Fellowship of the European Union(No.MEIF-CT-2003-500956)
文摘Trace organic contaminants (TOCs) correspond to a broad range of molecules generated either directly or indirectly by human activity. Even though TOCs are found at low concentrations in the environment, they often accumulate by biomagnification and bioaccumulation into biological organisms and cause irreversible damages in biological systems through direct or indirect toxic effects such as endocrine disruption and tumour initiation. This manuscript presents the main findings of over fifteen years of research focusing on biological removal of various TOCs found in sewage sludge from urban treatment plants. A special focus of the research was made on microbial processes in complex anaerobic ecosystems. Four families of compounds mostly retrieved in urban plants were studied: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), the phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and the nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). It was observed that the microbial capability for removing low amounts of TOCs required a long adaptation time and was often limited by the bioavailability of these compounds. In fact, the overall biodegradation resulted from the numerous interactions existing between the matrix (organic matter) and the microbial ecosystems according to the physico-chemical sorption properties of these compounds. Mechanistic aspects were also tackled in depth and specific models were developed for better understanding the network of interactions between TOCs, microorganisms, and organic matter. These findings could be extrapolated to other ecosystems such as soils and sediments. Finally, it was shown that microbial cometabolism was essential for TOC removal, and the concept of bioavailability was not only dependent on the nature, the level, and the sorption properties of TOCs but was also strongly dependent on the nature and the concentration of the sludge organic matter. Specific parameters were proposed for better evaluating the fate of TOCs in microbial anaerobic processes and technological solutions for efficient removal of these compounds were also proposed.
