碳氧化因子(COF)是计量燃煤火电机组碳排放量的重要参数之一,碳氧化因子测算方法的选取对于提高燃煤火电机组碳排放计量的准确性具有重要意义。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)给出碳氧化因...碳氧化因子(COF)是计量燃煤火电机组碳排放量的重要参数之一,碳氧化因子测算方法的选取对于提高燃煤火电机组碳排放计量的准确性具有重要意义。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)给出碳氧化因子的默认值为1,该默认值与我国实际碳氧化因子之间存在偏差。基于碳平衡分析,提出了燃煤火电机组锅炉碳氧化因子测算模型,并根据机组技术特征、燃料特征、运行特征与地域分布进行了采样。通过对70组测量样本进行分析,得到不同因素对碳氧化因子的影响规律。结果表明,我国碳氧化因子实际测试值与IPCC默认值存在差异,差异范围为0.5%~6.0%。另外,煤质优劣是影响碳氧化因子最重要因素,在煤质较差的情况下,机组容量、机组负荷等参数将对碳氧化因子产生显著影响。随着机组结构的不断调整以及技术水平的不断提高,我国燃煤火电碳氧化因子实际值将与IPCC默认值越来越接近。展开更多
Considering energy security and greenhouse gas emission, many governments are developing bio-liquid fuel industries. The Chinese Government advocates the development of a fuel ethanol industry with non-food crops such...Considering energy security and greenhouse gas emission, many governments are developing bio-liquid fuel industries. The Chinese Government advocates the development of a fuel ethanol industry with non-food crops such as cassava. However, scientists debate the carbon emission of these bio-liquid fuels. The focuses are the influence of soil carbon pool destruction and by-product utilization. This study built a carbon balance analysis model, and assessed carbon emission of cassava fuel ethanol across its life cycle. The results show that the carbon emission of cassava fuel ethanol per kilogram in its life cycle was 0.457 kg under new technical conditions and 0.647 kg under old technical conditions. Carbon emission mainly came from the use of nitrogen fertilizer （9% of total emissions）, the destruction of the soil carbon pool （29%） and fossil energy inputs （50%）. Taking gasoline as a reference, the carbon emission of cassava fuel ethanol was 90% of that of gasoline. This percentage would drop to 64% if soil carbon pool destruction was avoided. Therefore, in order to promote the development of cassava fuel ethanol in China, farms should apply fertilizer properly, grow cassava on marginal land, and not alter land use patterns of woodland, grassland and other environments. In addition, we should exploit efficient fuel ethanol conversion technologies and strengthen the use of by-products.展开更多
文摘碳氧化因子(COF)是计量燃煤火电机组碳排放量的重要参数之一,碳氧化因子测算方法的选取对于提高燃煤火电机组碳排放计量的准确性具有重要意义。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)给出碳氧化因子的默认值为1,该默认值与我国实际碳氧化因子之间存在偏差。基于碳平衡分析,提出了燃煤火电机组锅炉碳氧化因子测算模型,并根据机组技术特征、燃料特征、运行特征与地域分布进行了采样。通过对70组测量样本进行分析,得到不同因素对碳氧化因子的影响规律。结果表明,我国碳氧化因子实际测试值与IPCC默认值存在差异,差异范围为0.5%~6.0%。另外,煤质优劣是影响碳氧化因子最重要因素,在煤质较差的情况下,机组容量、机组负荷等参数将对碳氧化因子产生显著影响。随着机组结构的不断调整以及技术水平的不断提高,我国燃煤火电碳氧化因子实际值将与IPCC默认值越来越接近。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971270)
文摘Considering energy security and greenhouse gas emission, many governments are developing bio-liquid fuel industries. The Chinese Government advocates the development of a fuel ethanol industry with non-food crops such as cassava. However, scientists debate the carbon emission of these bio-liquid fuels. The focuses are the influence of soil carbon pool destruction and by-product utilization. This study built a carbon balance analysis model, and assessed carbon emission of cassava fuel ethanol across its life cycle. The results show that the carbon emission of cassava fuel ethanol per kilogram in its life cycle was 0.457 kg under new technical conditions and 0.647 kg under old technical conditions. Carbon emission mainly came from the use of nitrogen fertilizer （9% of total emissions）, the destruction of the soil carbon pool （29%） and fossil energy inputs （50%）. Taking gasoline as a reference, the carbon emission of cassava fuel ethanol was 90% of that of gasoline. This percentage would drop to 64% if soil carbon pool destruction was avoided. Therefore, in order to promote the development of cassava fuel ethanol in China, farms should apply fertilizer properly, grow cassava on marginal land, and not alter land use patterns of woodland, grassland and other environments. In addition, we should exploit efficient fuel ethanol conversion technologies and strengthen the use of by-products.
