本文介绍了国家气候中心发展的一个全球海洋碳循环环流模式,并分析评估了该模式的基本性能.该模式是在美国地球物理流体动力学实验室(GFDL,Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory)的全球海洋环流模式MOM4(Modular Ocean Model Version...本文介绍了国家气候中心发展的一个全球海洋碳循环环流模式,并分析评估了该模式的基本性能.该模式是在美国地球物理流体动力学实验室(GFDL,Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory)的全球海洋环流模式MOM4(Modular Ocean Model Version 4)基础上发展的一个垂直方向40层、包含生物地球化学过程的全球三维海洋碳循环环流模式,简称为MOM4_L40(Modular Ocean Model Version 4 With 40Levels).该模式在气候场强迫下长期积分1000年,结果分析表明,与观测相比,模式较好地模拟了海洋温度、盐度、总二氧化碳、总碱、总磷酸盐的表面和垂直分布特征.模拟的海洋总二氧化碳分布与观测基本相符,表层为低值区,其下为高值区,高值区域位于10°S—60°N之间,但2000m以上模拟值较观测偏小,2000m以下模拟值较观测偏大.总体来说,MOM4_L40模式是一个可信赖的海洋碳循环过程模拟研究工具.展开更多
1概况
2013年9月6日至12月2日，国家气候中心气候模式室吴方华博士应Tatiana Ilyina博士邀请，赴德国马普气象研究所（MPI-M：Max Planek Institute for Meteorology）进行学术访问，将MPI-M发展的全球海洋碳循环模式（HAMOCC：Hamburg...1概况
2013年9月6日至12月2日，国家气候中心气候模式室吴方华博士应Tatiana Ilyina博士邀请，赴德国马普气象研究所（MPI-M：Max Planek Institute for Meteorology）进行学术访问，将MPI-M发展的全球海洋碳循环模式（HAMOCC：Hamburg Model of the Ocean Carbon Cycle）最新版本5．2成功移植到国家气候中心气候系统模式BCC—CSM的海洋分量模式MOM中，并完成稳定性测试和模拟结果合理性的检验工作。访问期间有幸参加了MPI-M的年会和NCAR命令行语言（NCL）软件使用培训。展开更多
Nitrogen cycling has profound effects on carbon uptake in the terrestrial ecosystem and the response of the biosphere to climate changes.However,nutrient cycling is not taken into account in most land surface models f...Nitrogen cycling has profound effects on carbon uptake in the terrestrial ecosystem and the response of the biosphere to climate changes.However,nutrient cycling is not taken into account in most land surface models for climate change.In this study,a nitrogen model,based on nitrogen transformation processes and nitrogen fluxes exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem,was incorporated into the Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(AVIM)to simulate the carbon cycle under nitrogen limitation.This new model,AVIM-CN,was evaluated against site-scale eddy covariance–based measurements of an alpine meadow located at Damxung station from the FLUXNET 2015 dataset.Results showed that the annual mean gross primary production simulated by AVIM-CN(0.7073 gC m^-2 d^-1)was in better agreement with the corresponding flux data(0.5407 gC m^-2 d^-1)than the original AVIM(1.1403 gC m^-2 d^-1)at Damxung station.Similarly,ecosystem respiration was also down-regulated,from 1.7695 gC m^-2 d^-1 to 1.0572 gC m^-2 d^-1,after the nitrogen processes were introduced,and the latter was closer to the observed vales(0.8034 gC m^-2 d^-1).Overall,the new results were more consistent with the daily time series of carbon and energy fluxes of observations compared to the former version without nitrogen dynamics.A model that does not incorporate the limitation effects of nitrogen nutrient availability will probably overestimate carbon fluxes by about 40%.展开更多
The accuracy of the simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models(LSM).Particularly in high-altitude regions,choosing appropr...The accuracy of the simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models(LSM).Particularly in high-altitude regions,choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM simulations.Therefore,this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing datasets.The performances of CRUNCEP(CLM4.5 model default)and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets(i.e.ITPCAS,GSWP3 and WFDEI)in simulating the net primary productivity(NPP)and actual evapotranspiration(ET)were evaluated based on in situ and gridded reference datasets.Compared with in situ observations,simulated results exhibited determination coefficients(R2)ranging from 0.58 to 0.84 and 0.59 to 0.87 for observed NPP and ET,respectively,among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior performance.At the plateau level,CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared with the reference NPP and ET.GSWP3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and ET.The simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982-2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET,suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the TP.These results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the TP.This study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water-carbon simulations over alpine regions.展开更多
文摘本文介绍了国家气候中心发展的一个全球海洋碳循环环流模式,并分析评估了该模式的基本性能.该模式是在美国地球物理流体动力学实验室(GFDL,Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory)的全球海洋环流模式MOM4(Modular Ocean Model Version 4)基础上发展的一个垂直方向40层、包含生物地球化学过程的全球三维海洋碳循环环流模式,简称为MOM4_L40(Modular Ocean Model Version 4 With 40Levels).该模式在气候场强迫下长期积分1000年,结果分析表明,与观测相比,模式较好地模拟了海洋温度、盐度、总二氧化碳、总碱、总磷酸盐的表面和垂直分布特征.模拟的海洋总二氧化碳分布与观测基本相符,表层为低值区,其下为高值区,高值区域位于10°S—60°N之间,但2000m以上模拟值较观测偏小,2000m以下模拟值较观测偏大.总体来说,MOM4_L40模式是一个可信赖的海洋碳循环过程模拟研究工具.
文摘1概况
2013年9月6日至12月2日，国家气候中心气候模式室吴方华博士应Tatiana Ilyina博士邀请，赴德国马普气象研究所（MPI-M：Max Planek Institute for Meteorology）进行学术访问，将MPI-M发展的全球海洋碳循环模式（HAMOCC：Hamburg Model of the Ocean Carbon Cycle）最新版本5．2成功移植到国家气候中心气候系统模式BCC—CSM的海洋分量模式MOM中，并完成稳定性测试和模拟结果合理性的检验工作。访问期间有幸参加了MPI-M的年会和NCAR命令行语言（NCL）软件使用培训。
基金supported by a project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number2016YFA0602501]a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41630532 and41575093]
文摘Nitrogen cycling has profound effects on carbon uptake in the terrestrial ecosystem and the response of the biosphere to climate changes.However,nutrient cycling is not taken into account in most land surface models for climate change.In this study,a nitrogen model,based on nitrogen transformation processes and nitrogen fluxes exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem,was incorporated into the Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(AVIM)to simulate the carbon cycle under nitrogen limitation.This new model,AVIM-CN,was evaluated against site-scale eddy covariance–based measurements of an alpine meadow located at Damxung station from the FLUXNET 2015 dataset.Results showed that the annual mean gross primary production simulated by AVIM-CN(0.7073 gC m^-2 d^-1)was in better agreement with the corresponding flux data(0.5407 gC m^-2 d^-1)than the original AVIM(1.1403 gC m^-2 d^-1)at Damxung station.Similarly,ecosystem respiration was also down-regulated,from 1.7695 gC m^-2 d^-1 to 1.0572 gC m^-2 d^-1,after the nitrogen processes were introduced,and the latter was closer to the observed vales(0.8034 gC m^-2 d^-1).Overall,the new results were more consistent with the daily time series of carbon and energy fluxes of observations compared to the former version without nitrogen dynamics.A model that does not incorporate the limitation effects of nitrogen nutrient availability will probably overestimate carbon fluxes by about 40%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3201702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201146,U2240226)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1001)Fundamental Research Funds for The Central Universities(YJ2021133).
文摘The accuracy of the simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models(LSM).Particularly in high-altitude regions,choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM simulations.Therefore,this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing datasets.The performances of CRUNCEP(CLM4.5 model default)and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets(i.e.ITPCAS,GSWP3 and WFDEI)in simulating the net primary productivity(NPP)and actual evapotranspiration(ET)were evaluated based on in situ and gridded reference datasets.Compared with in situ observations,simulated results exhibited determination coefficients(R2)ranging from 0.58 to 0.84 and 0.59 to 0.87 for observed NPP and ET,respectively,among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior performance.At the plateau level,CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared with the reference NPP and ET.GSWP3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and ET.The simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982-2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET,suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the TP.These results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the TP.This study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water-carbon simulations over alpine regions.
