Fish glue is the collagen from scale skin and bone of fish. It is known for value added product from fish processing and the adhesive agent for wood paper book binding etc. This work was aimed with the method to produ...Fish glue is the collagen from scale skin and bone of fish. It is known for value added product from fish processing and the adhesive agent for wood paper book binding etc. This work was aimed with the method to produce fish glue from fish skin through representing optimum fish type and its glue character by study on standard method for fish glue processing （using Oreochromis niloticus skin as the model）, optimum fish type and characterization of the glue from optimum fish skin. Soaking fish skin in 0.1 N NaOH for 6 h and changed it every 3 h for pretreatment before acid extraction with 0.5 M acetic acid was the optimum condition for the standard processing. Among 20 types （O. niloticus, Oreochromis sp., Nemipterus sp., Psettodes erumei, Epiephelus malabaricus, Sphyraena obstsata, Channa striata, Xenentodon cancila, Barbonymus gonionotus, Liza vaigiensis, Anabas testudineus, Chanos chanos, Micronema bleekeri, Thunnus tonggol, Rastrelliger brachysom, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Lutjanus lineolatus, Pomadasys hasta, Selar crumenophthalmus and Sardaorentalis sp.）, Chanos chanos was an appropriate type for glue production. Fat, protein, carbohydrate, moisture, pH and viscosity of Chanos chanos glue were 0.32%, 4.23%, 83.8%, 11.56%, 3.35, 4,978.33-8,180 cp, respectively. The glue was collagen type I which was composed ofal （148 kDa） and a2 （129 kDa） chain and could bind paper, wood and foam sheet.展开更多
Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, w...Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, we explored the possibility that carbohydrate supplements can improve the status of EAMD and prevent exercise-induced ovarian injury in a FAT rat model. This research aimed to provide experimental evidence with regard to the relationship of energy intervention and EAMD. Methods： Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly divided into five experimental groups： control group （C）, 9-week exercise as model for EAMD （E）, post-EAMD recovery group （R）, oligosaccharide intervention group （O）, and glucose intervention group （G）. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 9 weeks. Serum samples were collected for measuring gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 1713-estradiol and progesterone levels. The ovaries were taken for investigation of exercise- and carbohydrate-induced follicular subcellular structure changes. Results： Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R. There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17β-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C. Conclusion： Female adult rats with 9-week continuous exercise can cause menstrual dysregulation as a model for EAMD. Post-EAMD intervention with glucose and oligosaccharide intake can normalize the menstrual cycle, restore the follicular subcellular structure, and reverse the exercise-induced reduction of ovary sex hormones. It suggests a positive feedback of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis might be involved in the molecular mechanisms of energy intake in treating EAMD.展开更多
The impacts of planting date and nitrogen fertilization on cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） photosynthesis and soluble carbohydrate contents in relation to silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype “B...The impacts of planting date and nitrogen fertilization on cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） photosynthesis and soluble carbohydrate contents in relation to silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype “B”, populations were examined in field experiments. Cotton planted in late April and early June was treated with 0, 112, 168 and 224 kg/N hectare in soil using urea fertilizer. The mean photosynthetic rate of April-planted cotton was 4%-20% higher than that of June-planted cotton early in the season, but 10%- 18% lower than that of June-planted cotton late in the season. The photosynthetic rates for both planting dates were positively correlated with levels of added nitrogen. While levels of glucose for both planting dates were positively correlated with nitrogen levels, fructose and sucrose levels were not. The mean levels of fructose were up to 40% lower, while that of sucrose were up to 59% higher, in April-planted cotton than in June-planted cotton. Levels of photosynthetic rate or stomatal conductance were not correlated with adult whitefly densities for either planting date. Levels of glucose and fructose were positively correlated with whitefly densities only for June-planted cotton late in the season.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation on glucose metabolism and inflammatory factors in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided int...Objective To observe the effect of Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation on glucose metabolism and inflammatory factors in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group(n=10)and a group for modeling(n=50)using the random number table method.Rats in the group for modeling were induced to form T2DM models by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Thirty successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group,a Mo-Rubbing abdomen group,and a metformin group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the normal group and the model group received no intervention,those in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group received Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation,and those in the metformin group received metformin by gavage.After 8-week intervention,fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and area under the curve at the oral glucose tolerance test(AUC-OGTT),as well as serum inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere detected,and the morphological changes of the pancreas were also observed.Results After the 8-week intervention,the levels of FINS,FPG,HOMA-IR,and AUC-OGTT of rats in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.05);the pancreatic injury degree in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group and the metformin group was lower than that in the model group.Compared with the model group,the serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels of rats in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum IL-1βand TNF-αlevels of the metformin group showed a downward trend;the serum IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly lower than those in the metformin group(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between FPG with IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin the T2DM rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation reduces the inflammatory response and improves the morphological changes of the pancreas in T2DM rats,thereby achieving the effect of lowering blood glucose.展开更多
文摘Fish glue is the collagen from scale skin and bone of fish. It is known for value added product from fish processing and the adhesive agent for wood paper book binding etc. This work was aimed with the method to produce fish glue from fish skin through representing optimum fish type and its glue character by study on standard method for fish glue processing （using Oreochromis niloticus skin as the model）, optimum fish type and characterization of the glue from optimum fish skin. Soaking fish skin in 0.1 N NaOH for 6 h and changed it every 3 h for pretreatment before acid extraction with 0.5 M acetic acid was the optimum condition for the standard processing. Among 20 types （O. niloticus, Oreochromis sp., Nemipterus sp., Psettodes erumei, Epiephelus malabaricus, Sphyraena obstsata, Channa striata, Xenentodon cancila, Barbonymus gonionotus, Liza vaigiensis, Anabas testudineus, Chanos chanos, Micronema bleekeri, Thunnus tonggol, Rastrelliger brachysom, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Lutjanus lineolatus, Pomadasys hasta, Selar crumenophthalmus and Sardaorentalis sp.）, Chanos chanos was an appropriate type for glue production. Fat, protein, carbohydrate, moisture, pH and viscosity of Chanos chanos glue were 0.32%, 4.23%, 83.8%, 11.56%, 3.35, 4,978.33-8,180 cp, respectively. The glue was collagen type I which was composed ofal （148 kDa） and a2 （129 kDa） chain and could bind paper, wood and foam sheet.
基金supported by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Sport Competence Development and Maintenance,Shanghai University of Sport(NO.11DZ2261100)
文摘Background： Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction （EAMD） is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad （FAT）, a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, we explored the possibility that carbohydrate supplements can improve the status of EAMD and prevent exercise-induced ovarian injury in a FAT rat model. This research aimed to provide experimental evidence with regard to the relationship of energy intervention and EAMD. Methods： Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly divided into five experimental groups： control group （C）, 9-week exercise as model for EAMD （E）, post-EAMD recovery group （R）, oligosaccharide intervention group （O）, and glucose intervention group （G）. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 9 weeks. Serum samples were collected for measuring gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 1713-estradiol and progesterone levels. The ovaries were taken for investigation of exercise- and carbohydrate-induced follicular subcellular structure changes. Results： Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R. There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17β-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C. Conclusion： Female adult rats with 9-week continuous exercise can cause menstrual dysregulation as a model for EAMD. Post-EAMD intervention with glucose and oligosaccharide intake can normalize the menstrual cycle, restore the follicular subcellular structure, and reverse the exercise-induced reduction of ovary sex hormones. It suggests a positive feedback of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis might be involved in the molecular mechanisms of energy intake in treating EAMD.
文摘The impacts of planting date and nitrogen fertilization on cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） photosynthesis and soluble carbohydrate contents in relation to silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype “B”, populations were examined in field experiments. Cotton planted in late April and early June was treated with 0, 112, 168 and 224 kg/N hectare in soil using urea fertilizer. The mean photosynthetic rate of April-planted cotton was 4%-20% higher than that of June-planted cotton early in the season, but 10%- 18% lower than that of June-planted cotton late in the season. The photosynthetic rates for both planting dates were positively correlated with levels of added nitrogen. While levels of glucose for both planting dates were positively correlated with nitrogen levels, fructose and sucrose levels were not. The mean levels of fructose were up to 40% lower, while that of sucrose were up to 59% higher, in April-planted cotton than in June-planted cotton. Levels of photosynthetic rate or stomatal conductance were not correlated with adult whitefly densities for either planting date. Levels of glucose and fructose were positively correlated with whitefly densities only for June-planted cotton late in the season.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation on glucose metabolism and inflammatory factors in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group(n=10)and a group for modeling(n=50)using the random number table method.Rats in the group for modeling were induced to form T2DM models by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Thirty successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group,a Mo-Rubbing abdomen group,and a metformin group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the normal group and the model group received no intervention,those in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group received Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation,and those in the metformin group received metformin by gavage.After 8-week intervention,fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and area under the curve at the oral glucose tolerance test(AUC-OGTT),as well as serum inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere detected,and the morphological changes of the pancreas were also observed.Results After the 8-week intervention,the levels of FINS,FPG,HOMA-IR,and AUC-OGTT of rats in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.05);the pancreatic injury degree in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group and the metformin group was lower than that in the model group.Compared with the model group,the serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels of rats in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum IL-1βand TNF-αlevels of the metformin group showed a downward trend;the serum IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in the Mo-Rubbing abdomen group were significantly lower than those in the metformin group(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between FPG with IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin the T2DM rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Mo-Rubbing abdomen manipulation reduces the inflammatory response and improves the morphological changes of the pancreas in T2DM rats,thereby achieving the effect of lowering blood glucose.
