高功率微波(High Power Microwave,HPM)是指微波的脉冲峰值功率在100MW以上,频率在0.5300GHz范围内的电磁脉冲,随着技术的发展,高功率微波武器将成为21世纪信息化战争中攻击敌方信息链路或节点的重要手段。阴极作为HPM源中强流电子束的...高功率微波(High Power Microwave,HPM)是指微波的脉冲峰值功率在100MW以上,频率在0.5300GHz范围内的电磁脉冲,随着技术的发展,高功率微波武器将成为21世纪信息化战争中攻击敌方信息链路或节点的重要手段。阴极作为HPM源中强流电子束的起点,HPM源的最终特性很大程度上取决于阴极材料的性质。碳基材料由于具有良好的耐温性、发射稳定性和加工性能,是目前HPM源用爆炸发射阴极的首选材料。本文通过对碳基阴极的应用及发展现状的综述,总结了石墨、碳纤维、碳纳米管和石墨烯等碳基阴极的强流电子发射特性,为高功率微波源用阴极材料的发展提供参考。展开更多
Cathode activity plays an important role in the improvement of the microbial fuel cells on ocean floor （BMFCs）. A comparison study between Rayon-based （CF-R） and PAN-based carbon fiber （CF-P） cathodes is conduct...Cathode activity plays an important role in the improvement of the microbial fuel cells on ocean floor （BMFCs）. A comparison study between Rayon-based （CF-R） and PAN-based carbon fiber （CF-P） cathodes is conducted in the paper. The two carbon fibers were heat treated to improve cell performance （CF-R-H ＆ CF-P-H）, and were used to build a new BMFCs structure with a foamy carbon anode. The maximum power density was 112.4mWm-2 for CF-R-H, followed by 66.6mWm-2 for CF-R, 49.7 mWm-2 for CF-P-H and 21.6mWm-2 for CF-P respectively. The higher specific area and deep groove make CF-R have a better power output than with CF-P. Meanwhile, heat treatment of carbon fiber can improve cell power, nearly two-fold higher than heat treatment of plain fiber. This improvement may be due to the quinones group formation to accelerate the reduction of oxygen and electron transfer on the fiber surface in the three phase boundary after heat treatment. Compared to PAN-based carbon fiber, Rayon-based carbon fiber would be preferentially selected as cathode in novel BMFCs design due to its high surface area, low cost and higher power. The comparison research is significant for cathode material selection and cell design.展开更多
文摘高功率微波(High Power Microwave,HPM)是指微波的脉冲峰值功率在100MW以上,频率在0.5300GHz范围内的电磁脉冲,随着技术的发展,高功率微波武器将成为21世纪信息化战争中攻击敌方信息链路或节点的重要手段。阴极作为HPM源中强流电子束的起点,HPM源的最终特性很大程度上取决于阴极材料的性质。碳基材料由于具有良好的耐温性、发射稳定性和加工性能,是目前HPM源用爆炸发射阴极的首选材料。本文通过对碳基阴极的应用及发展现状的综述,总结了石墨、碳纤维、碳纳米管和石墨烯等碳基阴极的强流电子发射特性,为高功率微波源用阴极材料的发展提供参考。
基金support by the Key Project of Nature Science Fund of Shandong Province, China (ZR2011B Z008)the Special Fund of Marine Renewable Energy from China’s State Oceanic Administration (GHME 2011GD04)
文摘Cathode activity plays an important role in the improvement of the microbial fuel cells on ocean floor （BMFCs）. A comparison study between Rayon-based （CF-R） and PAN-based carbon fiber （CF-P） cathodes is conducted in the paper. The two carbon fibers were heat treated to improve cell performance （CF-R-H ＆ CF-P-H）, and were used to build a new BMFCs structure with a foamy carbon anode. The maximum power density was 112.4mWm-2 for CF-R-H, followed by 66.6mWm-2 for CF-R, 49.7 mWm-2 for CF-P-H and 21.6mWm-2 for CF-P respectively. The higher specific area and deep groove make CF-R have a better power output than with CF-P. Meanwhile, heat treatment of carbon fiber can improve cell power, nearly two-fold higher than heat treatment of plain fiber. This improvement may be due to the quinones group formation to accelerate the reduction of oxygen and electron transfer on the fiber surface in the three phase boundary after heat treatment. Compared to PAN-based carbon fiber, Rayon-based carbon fiber would be preferentially selected as cathode in novel BMFCs design due to its high surface area, low cost and higher power. The comparison research is significant for cathode material selection and cell design.
