新型钆石墨层间化合物复合材料的制备及表征

通过Hummers法制备氧化石墨,并以化学吸附法将氯化钆(GdCl3)饱和溶液中的钆离子引入氧化石墨(GO),合成新型水合碳酸氧钆-氧化石墨层间化合物复合材料。采用XRD、FT-IR和TG-DTA对产物进行分析表征。表明,制备水合碳酸氧钆-氧化石墨层间化合物的最佳质量配比为m(Gd2O3)∶m(EG)=5∶1。通过TG-DTA分析确认,水合碳酸氧钆-氧化石墨层间化合物的还原温度为480℃。

用聚醚类配体的钛醇盐催化二氧化碳合成碳酸二甲酯

本文致力于研究一种基于钛的复合物的新型催化体系，并对所制备的催化剂进行表征。

两级反渗透加酸碱调节pH及加碱方式分析

某电厂除盐水处理系统反渗透通过加酸、加碱调节pH控制产水水质取得了良好的效果。对反渗透加酸、加碱调节pH的原理进行了分析,对pH控制值进行了试验,对两种不同的加碱方式优缺点进行了阐述。

天然水中几种主要化合物及其存在形态浅析

水是一种很强的溶剂,能溶解大气、地表和地下岩层里的许多物质,使水含有杂质,它们大多以分子态、离子态和胶体颗粒存在于水中。在研究水处理及金属防腐工艺时,首先需要了解水中含有杂质的概况。

Estimation of Digestible Energy Values of Plant Protein Supplement in Pig

[Objective] The aim of the study was to establish the effective and accurate formulas for estimating the digestible energy （DE） values of plant protein supplement in pig. [Method] By difference method with different amount of alternative feeds （20% -50%）, two4 x4 Latin- square-designed trials were taken on eight castrated male pigs [ Yorkshire x Landrace x Neijiang pig, initial body-weight： （46 ±2） kg ] to deter- mine the apparent digestible energy （ADE） of the eight kinds of plant protein supplement commonly used in China, that is, corn gluten meal （sol.）, soybean meal （ sol. ）, fababean, pea, rapeseed meal （ sol. ）, sesame meal （ sol. ）, rapeseed meal （ exp. ） and cotton seed meal （sol.）. [Resultl （1） Fiber was the most important factor to estimate the ADE of plant protein supplement in pigs, and ADF was the best one. （2） The most effective equations were as below： （ 1 ） OE （kJ/kg DM） = 14 741.86 - 185.01ADF＋54.01SCHO＋22.45CP （ R =0.988,RSD= 67.9,P〈0.01 ） ; （2） DE （kJ/kg DM） =22 223.26 -209.58ADF＋26.79SCHO-1.09GE （ Ff =0.989,RSD=66.9, P〈0.01 ） . [Conclusion] The accurate, practical and specific regression equations were established for DE prediction of plant protein supplement in pig.

在还原性气氛中制备V_2O_3纳米粉体

在H_2气氛中热解一种前体——(NH_4)_5[(VO)_6(CO_3)_4(OH)_9]·10H_2O,得到了球状的纳米V_2O_3粉体。利用TGA和DTA观察了前体的热解过程,发现纯净的V_2O_3在620℃形成,并且在730℃晶化、本文研究了在多种还原条件下得出的粉体。SEM图片表明在650℃保温30分钟获得的粉体粒径大约为30纳米,并且具有很好的均匀性。热重实验表明纳米粉体比微米粉体对气体有更强的吸附作用,在室温条件下更容易被空气重新氧化。DSC实验表明纳米V_2O_3粉体在降温与升温过程中相变温度分别是-119.5℃和-99.2℃,对应的相变热分别是-12.55J g^(-1)和11.42J g^(-1)。

Effects of Temperature on the Preparation of Magnesium Carbonate Hydrates by Reaction of MgCI2 with Na2CO3

Homogeneous(unseeded)precipitation of magnesium carbonate hydrates by the reaction of MgCl2 with Na2CO3 in supersaturated solutions between 273 and 363K was investigated.The compositions,morphologies and filtration characteristics of the precipitates were studied in detail.The magnesium carbonate hydrates obtained at 313K and in the range of 343-363K showed good morphologies and filtration characteristics.Magnesium oxides(MgO)with high purity(97.6%-99.4%)were obtained by calcining magnesium carbonate hydrates at 1073K.

Synthesis of Bisphenols Carrying Long Hydrocarbon Side Chains

Bisphenols containing long aliphatic hydrocarbon side chains were synthesized by the condensation of phenol with aldehyde or ketone in the presence of heteropolyacid. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and element analysis. The experiment results show that when heteropolyacid was used as a catalyst, these bisphenols were obtained in high selectivity and high yields.

CO_2开关型表面活性剂的研究进展

CO2开关型表面活性剂是对环境变化做出相关响应的新型表面活性剂,在有无CO2的介质条件下水溶液性质呈现出反差状态。本文概述了CO2诱导的开关型表面活性剂的结构、性能及研究进展,并归纳了这一类开关型表面活性剂的发展方向及应用前景等。

Pyrolysis of Banana and Coffee Residues after Acid Hydrolysis

The use of the residues from renewable feedstock, besides the production of fuels, but also for the generation of other chemicals products, has become a priority. Superior plants have considerable potential as carbohydrate, aryl and fatty acids sources. However, the separation of the main constituents of the samples is necessary for several purposes in the biorefinery concept. The acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis processes are very promising technology, however, some adjustments in the conditions of pyrolysis are needed for different biomasses since carbohydrates were detected （14%-17%） in the residues after the conventional acid hydrolysis of these uncommon biomasses （coffee husk and banana stem and stalk）. On the other hand, it was showed that, by pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain from the solid residue after acid hydrolysis： pyrogenic carbon （charcoal with a yield of 48.5%-52.7%） for agriculture use （biochar） and valuable chemicals in the pyrolysis oil biooil fraction （that accounted by 26.4%-29.0%, free of water）, such as lignin monomers （32.6%-56.4% of the bio-oil） and fatty acids （30%-52.5%）.

Nutrient effects of broodstocks on the larvae in Patinopecten yessoensis

Patinopecten yessoensis is a commercial valuable species. This study deals with the effect of nutrient effects of the broodstock(mainly ovaries) on the larvae. Concentrations of total carbohydrate, total protein and total lipid in the gonads of P. yessoensis from three Hatcheries(Hatchery 1, Hatchery 2, and Hatchery 3) were determined before and after spawning. The relationship between the nutrient concentration in ovaries before spawning(BC) and that of larvae(LC) was assessed as well as the change in nutrient levels in ovaries after spawning(DC). Results indicate that the BC of total carbohydrate(7.66%) and total lipid(14.48%) in ovaries were significantly higher than in testes(5.20%, 5.20% respectively), whereas the BC of total protein in the ovaries was lower(61.76%) than in the testes(81.67%). The different gonadal composition suggests the different nutrient demands between male and female broodstocks in breeding season. P atinopecten yessoensis gonads contained a higher proportion of lipids, in comparison to other bivalves, which might be a response to the low ambient water temperatures. Further analysis of fatty acids showed that the concentrations of n-3PUFA, EPA and DHA in larvae(LC) were positively correlated with BC and DC, indicating the significant nutrient influence of broodstocks on the larvae. As these fatty acids are important in metabolism, and have been demonstrated to be influential to the viability of the larvae, larval growth and the settlement, spat growth, and juvenile survival in many bivalves, they could possibly be used as indexes to evaluate, and predict condition of broodstocks and larvae.

Zn–Ca–Al mixed oxide as efficient catalyst for synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol

A series of Zn–Ca–Al oxides with different CaO and ZnO contents have been prepared and evaluated in the synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC) from 1,2-propylene glycol(PG) and urea in a batch reactor. The effect of catalyst composition, basicity and reaction process parameters such as temperature, catalyst dose, molar ratio of PG to urea, purge gas flow and reaction time has been studied to find suitable reaction conditions for the PC synthesis. The PC selectivity and yield under the desired conditions could reach 98.4% and 90.8%, respectively. The best performing catalyst also exhibited a good reusability without appreciable loss in the PC selectivity and yield after five consecutive reaction runs. In addition, a stepwise reaction pathway involving a 2-hydroxypropyl carbamate intermediate was proposed for the urea alcoholysis to PC in the presence of Zn–Ca–Al catalysts, according to the time dependences of reaction intermediates and products.

Identification of a novel C-type lectin from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its role in defense against pathogens infection

Acting as one of the pattern recognition receptors （PRRs）, C-type lectin is believed to mediate pathogen recognition and plays an important role in the clearance of pathogens as part of the innate immune system. In this work, a novel C-type lectin gene （named LvLecl） was cloned from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, The ORF of LvLecl is 510 bp, encoding 169 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids at the N-terminal and a carbohydrate recognition domain （CRD） at the C-terminal. LvLecl was mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the level of LvLecl transcripts significantly changed in the hepatopancreas after the shrimp were artificially challenged with LPS, Micrococcus lysodeikticus and white spot syndrome virus （WSSV）. RNAi-based silencing of LvLecl resulted in increases in mortality when the shrimp were challenged with WSSV, and the median lethal time was reduced compared with controls. Although there was no characteristic ＂EPN＂ （Glu-Pro-Ser） or ＂QPD＂ （Gin-Pro-Asp） motif, the recombinant LvLecl, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 （DE3）, could also agglutinate M. lysodeikticus and Vibrio anguillarum. The agglutinating activities were calcium-dependent and could be inhibited by D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose and N-Acetyl-D-mannose. These results suggest that LvLecl might be involved in the immune response against WSSV and bacterial infections and contribute to non-self recognition as a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system of the shrimp L. vannamei.

Nutraceutical Effect of Cuetlas （Arsenura armida C.） Edible Insects as Local Food at Ixcaquixtla, Mexico

Insect＇s nutrient composition may provide a good source of macro- and micro-nutrients with nutraceutical functions that could help people from semirural areas, such as Ixcaquixtla, located southeast of the Puebla State, Mexico. The aim of this study was to assess macro- and micro-nutrients in Cuetlas （Arsenura armada C.） larvae and inform local people about the nutraceutical benefits that those insects could provide. Cuetlas larvae samples were collected from Jonote tree on August, 2014 to analyze minerals and macro-nutrient of raw larvae according to AOAC （1995） techniques. Results showed that Cuetlas larvae contained 56.93% proteins, 14.76% lipids, 2.95% minerals, 2.13% fiber and 23.23% soluble carbohydrates. Cuetlas larvae have a good amount of proteins, essential macromolecules for human life as well as essential fatty acids that are important sources of fuel for brain cells and in particular for cardiac and skeletal muscle, minerals, not determined individually, which are important for metabolism processes, fiber for digestive processes and soluble carbohydrates as energy source.

Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates catalyzed by zinc(Ⅱ) complex bearing 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole ligand

A new zinc(II)complex of formula[ZnCl2(L1)2](1)[L1=2‐(2‐thienyl)‐1‐(2‐thienylmethyl)‐1Hbenzimidazole]was synthesized and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry,and thermogravimetric analysis.The molecular structure was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.Complex1consists of mononuclear tetrahedral zinc(II)units with a locked geometry resulting from weak intramolecular S···?and?–?interligand interactions.The benzimidazole ligand and its zinc(II)complex were readily obtained through a simple synthetic route.The catalytic activity of1was investigated in the coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates,and a series of parameters were evaluated.The complex efficiently catalyzed the transformation of various epoxides under solvent‐free conditions,with good conversions,turnover numbers,and turnover frequencies.

Spatiotemporal variation of dissolved carbohydrates and amino acids in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Surface seawater samples were collected from Jiaozhou Bay,China,during six cruises(MarchMay 2010,September-November 2010) to study the distribution of dissolved organic matter including dissolved organic carbon(DOC),total dissolved carbohydrates,namely monosaccharides(MCHO) and polysaccharides(PCHO) and total hydrolysable amino acids.These included dissolved free amino acids(DFAA) and combined amino acids(DCAA).The goal was to investigate possible relationships between these dissolved organic compounds and environmental parameters.During spring,the concentrations of MCHO and PCHO were 9.6(2.8-22.6) and 11.0(2.9-42.5) μmol C/L,respectively.In autumn,MCHO and PCHO were 9.1(2.6-27.0) and 10.8(2.4-25.6) μmol C/L,respectively.The spring concentrations of DFAA and DCAA were 1.7(1.1-4.1) and 7.6(1.1-31.0) μmol C/L,respectively,while in autumn,DFAA and DCAA were 2.3(1.1-8.0) and 3.3(0.6-7.2) μmol C/L,respectively.Among these compounds,the concentrations of PCHO were the highest,accounting for nearly a quarter of the DOC,followed by MCHO,DCAA and DFAA.The concentrations of the organic compounds exhibited a decreasing trend from the coastal to the central regions of the bay.A negative correlation between concentrations of DOC and salinity in each cruise suggested that riverine inputs around the bay have an important impact on the distribution of DOC in the surface water.A significant positive correlation was found between DOC and total bacteria count in spring and autumn,suggesting bacteria play an important role in the marine carbon cycle.

New Extracellular Bacillus subtilis Lectins with Sialic Acid-Specificity

The purpose of this work is to perform a detailed study of carbohydrate specificity of the new extracellular bacilli lectins which is considered to determine mechanisms of the lectins action. Sources of lectins were bacterial strains from Ukrainian collection of microorganisms. The optimized protocol of bacilli lectins isolation and purification included precipitation with ammonium sulfate with subsequent gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. Hemagglutinating activity of bacilli lectins and their fine carbohydrate specificity to sialic acids and their derivatives as well as sialic asid-containing and asialic glycoconjugates were studied. The ability of extracellular bacilli lectins to discriminate a- and 13-conformation of carbohydrate molecule and the type of connection between the monomers was determined. Studied lectins showed the most affinity to glycoconjugates containing both types of sialic acids （N-acetylneuraminic acid （Neu5Ac） and N-glycolylneuraminic acid （NeuGc）） and it is supposed to be a basis of their diagnostic and analytical potential.

Construction and Expression of Sugarcane UGPase cDNA Prokaryotic Expression Vector

UGPase （UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase）, one of the primary enzymes concerned with carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzes the formation of UDPG. By inserting the UGPase cDNA fragment cloned from Saccharum officinarum into PQE-30, the prokaryotic expression vector of PQE-UGP was successfully constructed. Then the vector plasmid of PQE-UGP was transformed into host bacteria M 15 and the expression of target gene was induced by Isopropyl β-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside （IPTG）. The research laid foundation for study on the prokaryotic expression of UGPase.

Amplification of UGPase cDNA 3＇ UTR from Saccharum Officinarum

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is an important enzyme concerned with carbohydrate metabolism in plants. Cloning of UGPase is a premise for further study on molecular level, and it is also crucial for study of carbohydrate metabolism. UGPase cDNA sequence as a template, designed primer, then 3＇-untranslate region （3＇ UTR） of UGPase were amplified by 3＇-rapid amplification of cDNA ends （3＇-RACE）. The results suggested the 3＇ UTR were 243 bp, contained AATAA sequence and Poly（A）.