自己动手制作和探究碳-铝空气电池

选用日常生活中的铝箔和铅芯为电极主要材料制作了碳一铝空气电池，通过对单个电池和多个电池的串并联组合的测量分析，得出了制作的电池的电输出特性。并基于电池的基本工作原理，对实验中观测到的现象进行了分析探讨。为同学们在日常生活中开展此类实验探究提供参考基础。

铝-钛-碳合金中碳的分析方法研究与应用

提出了一个测定难熔合金(AlTiC)中碳的新方法。采用HCl+HF加热分解样品,让碳游离出来,经石棉吸附碳并烘干后,按非水滴定法测定碳的含量,效果良好。

钢-铝-碳纤维加强塑料的车身混合结构

为了尽可能减轻车身质量,同时满足越来越高的刚度要求,组合使用钢-铝-碳纤维加强车身的结构刚度。近几年来,这些材料品种的优化组合已取得了显著的进展。

狭缝式铝-碳质浸入式水口

本文介绍了防止连铸中浸入式水口堵塞的方法,在浸入式水口材料中少加或不加SiO_2,能提高钢的贡量。

基于离子液体的超级电容在3 V及65℃老化条件下的铝碳界面效应

相比于传统乙腈电解液体系的超级电容器,离子液体基超级电容器具有工作窗口电压高,能量密度大,不可燃等优点,适用于碳中和时代清洁但不稳定电力领域的大规模储能。然而,目前的工作主要集中在对纽扣型离子液体-超级电容器的研究上,有关软包式离子液体-超级电容器的长循环寿命评测的报道较少。构建可靠的超级电容器用于长时间测试或在高温下开展加速老化测试,应考虑集流体/电极界面的良好接触,以最小化电荷转移电阻。本文以包覆不同碳层的泡沫铝为集流体,研究了超级电容器新系统中的碳-铝界面效应。通过环氧树脂薄膜碳化得到的均匀无定形碳层,相比通过PVDF粘附石墨烯碳层,赋予了铝相和碳相更强的相互作用。此外,为了充分挖掘大离子尺寸的离子液体电解液的潜力,本文采用介孔碳电极实现离子在介孔间的快速扩散。因此,本工作首次制备了由介孔碳电极、离子液体电解液和覆碳三维泡沫铝集流体组成的新结构软包式超级电容器。以自制的容量为37 F的不同软包式超级电容器件,通过3 V、65℃、500 h加速老化试验,研究了其时间依赖性的电化学性能,包括CV测试、恒流充放电测试、电容值、接触电阻、电化学阻抗谱等。相比石墨烯包覆的泡沫铝基器件,无定形碳层包覆的泡沫铝基器件表现出更高的电容保持率。此外,我们还对ESR进行了等效电路拟合,并深入分析了接触电阻、电荷转移电阻、韦伯电阻,研究了C-Al界面对高能量密度超级电容器的高性能和稳定性的影响。500小时老化测试前后的极片表征证实了上述结果。高温、高压条件使粘附石墨烯碳层的泡沫铝界面结构不可靠。而泡沫铝表面原位包覆的碳层在老化过程中表现出较强的相互作用和稳定的结构。这些坚实的数据为面向高能量密度、高功率密度和长循环寿命,进一步优化高窗口电压超级电容器提供了充足的信息。

碳－铝复合材料单元体的声发射特性

为更有效地利用声发射（ＡＥ）信息来研究碳－铝复合材料的破断机制，本文对比了组成该复合材料的３种基本单元体—铝基体、碳纤维（束）和先驱丝在拉伸过程中的ＡＥ行为，并统计分析其ＡＥ特性．鉴于与前两者相比，复合丝的破断方式更为复杂，因而着重分析了其ＡＥ特性与碳－铝界面、破断模式以及抗拉强度之间的联系．

Synergistic extraction and separation of valuable elements from high-alumina fly ash with carbochlorination method

A novel process was proposed for synergistic extraction and separation of valuable elements from high-alumina fly ash.A thermodynamic analysis revealed that to achieve effective carbochlorination,it is crucial to conduct carbochlorination of the fly ash within the temperature range from 700 to 1000℃.The experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions,the carbochlorination efficiency for Al,Si,Ca,Ti,and Mg exceeded 81.18%,67.62%,58.87%,82.15%,and 59.53%,respectively.The XRD patterns indicated that Al and Si in the mullite phase(Al_(6)Si_(2)O_(13))were chlorinated during the carbochlorination process,resulting in the formation of mullite mesophases(Al_(4.75)Si_(1.25)O_(9.63) and Al_(1.83)Si_(1.08)O_(4.85)).After the carbochlorination process,Al was accumulated as AlCl_(3) in the condenser,while SiCl_(4) and TiCl_(4) were enriched in the exhaust gas,and CaCl_(2),MgCl_(2),and unreacted oxides remained in the residue for further recycling.

纤维增强铝复合丝弹性模量的测试与分析

通过自行改进设计的装置对束丝纤维复合丝的弹性模量进行了测试 ,并对复合丝拉伸过程中的切线弹性模量随应变变化的规律进行了分析讨论 ,发现该复合材料切线弹性模量在基体屈服应变附近有明显的转折点 。

Behavior of titanium dioxide in alumina carbothermic reduction-chlorination process in vacuum

Behaviors of TiO2 in the alumina carbothermic reduction and chlorination process in vacuum at different temperatures were investigated experimentally by means of XRD,SEM and EDS.In the preparation of materials,the molar ratio of Al2O3 to C was 1：4,and 10% TiO2 and excess AlCl3 were added.The results show that TiC is produced by C and TiO2 after TiO2 transforms from anatase into rutile gradually.In the temperature range of 1 763？1 783 K,the compounds of Ti and Al are not found in slags and condensate.The purity of aluminum reaches 98.35%,and TiO2 does not participate in alumina carbothermic reduction process and chlorination process in vacuum.

Dechromization and dealumination kinetics in process of Na_2CO_3-roasting pretreatment of laterite ores

A novel process was proposed for the activation pretreatment of limonitic laterite ores by Na2CO3 roasting. Dechromization and dealumination kinetics of the laterite ores and the effect of particle size, Na2CO3-ore mass ratio, and roasting temperature on Cr and Al extraction were studied. Experimental results indicate that the extraction rates of Cr and Al are up to 99%and 82%, respectively, under the optimal particle size of 44–74μm, Na2CO3-to-ore mass ratio of 0.6：1, and temperature of 1000 ℃. Dechromization within the range of 600–800 oC is controlled by the diffusion through the product layer with an apparent activation energy of 3.9 kJ/mol, and that it is controlled by the chemical reaction at the surface within the range of 900–1100 ℃ with an apparent activation energy of 54.3 kJ/mol. Besides, the Avrami diffusion controlled model with on apparent activation energy of 16.4 kJ/mol is most applicable for dealumination. Furthermore, 96.8%Ni and 95.6%Co could be extracted from the alkali-roasting residues in the subsequent pressure acid leaching process.

Crystallization of gibbsite from synthetic chromate leaching solution in sub-molten salt process

For the clean and economical production of chromium compounds, it is crucial to remove aluminates from chromate alkali solutions and utilize aluminum-containing compounds. In this work, carbonization was used to remove aluminates from a synthetic chromate leaching solution containing a high K2O/Al2O3 mole ratio. The influence of reaction temperature, carbonization time, flow rate of carbon dioxide, and seed ratio on the precipitation of Al was investigated. The optimal output was obtained under the following experimental conditions： a reaction temperature of 50 °C, a carbonization time of 100 min, a carbon dioxide flow rate of 0.1 L/min, and a seed ratio of 1.0. Gibbsite was obtained following carbonization. The structure and morphology of the gibbsite were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and laser particle size analyzer. The particle size distribution and morphology of the gibbsite were significantly influenced by the experimental conditions. The gibbsite had a mean particle size （d50） of 16.72μm. The thermal decomposition of the gibbsite was analyzed by XRD and the decomposition path was determined. The obtained coarseα-Al2O3 precipitate, which contains 0.08% Cr2O3 and 0.10% K2O, was suitable for subsequent utilization.

In-situ homogeneous synthesis of carbon nanotubes on aluminum matrix and properties of their composites

Using nickel catalyst supported on aluminum powders, carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were successfully synthesized in aluminum powders by in-situ chemical vapor deposition at 650 ℃. Structural characterization revealed that the as-grown CNTs possessed higher graphitization degree and straight graphite shell. By this approach, more homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in aluminum powders was achieved compared with the traditional mechanical mixture methods. Using the in-situ synthesized CNTs/Al composite powders and powder metallurgy process, CNTs/Al bulk composites were prepared. Performance testing showed that the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composites were improved obviously, which was attributed to the superior dispersion of CNTs in aluminum matrix and the strong interfacial bonding between CNTs and matrix.

Al_4C_3弥散强化铝

采用反应球磨技术制备了Ａｌ４Ｃ３弥散强化铝，其性能由弥散相的含量及制备工艺参数决定，碳含量的最佳范围是２～５％（重量百分比）抗张强度高达６２０ＭＰａ。

Effect of mechanical alloying time and rotation speed on evolution of CNTs/Al-2024 composite powders

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical milling followed by hot extrusion. The commercial Al-2024 alloy with 1% CNTs was milled under various ball milling conditions. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the milled powder and consolidated bulk materials were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and mechanical test. The effect of CNTs concentration and milling time on the microstructure of the CNTs/Al-2024 composites was studied. Based on the structural observation, the formation behavior of nanostructure in ball milled powder was discussed. The results show that the increment in the milling time and ration speed, for a fixed amount of CNTs, causes a reduction of the particle size of powders resulting from MM. The finest particle size was obtained after 15 h of milling. Moreover, the composite had an increase in tensile strength due to the small amount of CNTs addition.

预处理时间和温度对Al_2O_(3p)-TiC_p/Al复合材料的反应温度特征的影响

研究了预处理温度和时间对Al TiO2 C体系XD反应温度特征和复合材料组织的影响,结果表明,为了获得理想的Al2O3p TiCp/Al复合材料,预处理温度和时间有一个最佳的工艺范围.体系在本实验的工艺条件下,当预处理温度高于670℃时,由于反应程度加强,不利于体系在随后升温烧结过程中发生快速的放热反应,从而导致体系反应不完全.预处理时间小于30min,会导致体系反应不完全;预处理时间大于60min时,组织中Al3Ti含量增高.合适的预处理时间为30～60min,预处理温度为670℃.

含1.3%铝的铁基合金相图计算与试验验证

利用真空熔炼的方法制备了含1.3%铝不同碳含量的铁基合金,用扫描电镜附带的能谱仪对其进行成分均匀性分析,确定其可用来测相变温度,并用差热分析法测定了相变温度Ac1和Ac3;借助Thermo-Calc软件计算了含1.3%铝的铁-铝-碳体系的垂直截面相图,得到A1,A3值。结果表明:试验与计算结果并不吻合,说明铁-铝-碳体系的热力学参数需进一步优化,而DSC的测试结果可为Thermo-Calc软件中该体系热力学数据库的优化提供试验依据。

Enhanced catalytic activities and selectivities in preferential oxidation of CO over ceria-promoted Au/Al_2O_3 catalysts

The preferential oxidation of CO （CO‐PROX） is a hot topic because of its importance in pro‐ton‐exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFCs）. Au catalysts are highly active in CO oxidation. Howev‐er, their activities still need to be improved at the PEMFC operating temperatures of 80–120 ＆#176;C. In the present study, Au nanoparticles of average size 2.6 nm supported on ceria‐modified Al2O3 were synthesized and characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, transmission electron and scanning transmission electron microscopies, temperature‐programmed hydrogen reduction （H2‐TPR）, Raman spectroscopy, and in situ diffuse‐reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy. Highly dispersed Au nanoparticles and strong structures formed by Au–support in‐teractions were the main active species on the ceria surface. The Raman and H2‐TPR results show that the improved catalytic performance of the Au catalysts can be attributed to enhanced strong metal–support interactions and the reducibility caused by ceria doping. The formation of oxygen vacancies on the catalysts increased their activities in CO‐PROX. The synthesized Au catalysts gave excellent catalytic performances with high CO conversions （＆gt;97%） and CO2 selectivities （＆gt;50%） in the temperature range 80–150 ＆#176;C.

Al-C_(60) 界面相互作用的 Raman 光谱研究

用真空气相沉积的方法在ＮａＣｌ（００１）基片上制备了ＡｌＣ６０共蒸膜。由于界面上Ａｌ和Ｃ６０间的相互作用，ＡｌＣ６０混蒸膜的Ｒａｍａｎ谱相对纯Ｃ６０薄膜有显著的改变。Ａｇ（２）模的软化可归因于界面上Ａｌ和Ｃ６０之间的电荷转移。但是，要解释上述Ｒａｍａｎ谱中所有的特征，尚须建立一个更复杂的Ｃ６０Ａｌ界面相互作用模型。

Study on mechanical properties of composite materials by in-situ tensile test

The mechanical properties of the SiC fiber-reinforced Mg-Al metal matrix composite materials have been studied on internal microstructure by (scanning electron microscopy) SEM in-situ tensile test. The emergence and propagation of the crack, and the fracture behavior in materials have been observed and studied. It is found that in the case of the tensile test, the crack emerged in SiC fiber initially. In the case of the strong cohesion of the fiber-metal interface, the crack propagated in the fiber, meanwhile the fibers in the neighborhood of the cracked fiber began to crack and the Mg-Al metal deformed plastically, and at last the material fractured. Otherwise the toughness of the materials grows in the case of the lower cohesion of the fiber-metal matrix interface.

Effects of SiC interfacial coating on mechanical properties of carbon fiber needled felt reinforced sol-derived Al2O3 composites

3D carbon fiber needled felt and polycarbosilane-derived SiC coating were selected as reinforcement and interfacial coating,respectively,and the sol-impregnation-drying-heating(SIDH)route was used to fabricate C/Al2O3 composites.The effects of Si C interfacial coating on the mechanical properties,oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of C/Al2O3 composites were investigated.It is found that the fracture toughness of C/Al2O3 composites was remarkably superior to that of monolithic Al2O3 ceramics.The introduction of SiC interfacial coating obviously improved the strengths of C/Al2O3 composites although the fracture work diminished to some extent.Owing to the tight bonding between SiC coating and carbon fiber,the C/SiC/Al2O3 composites showed much better oxidation and thermal shock resistance over C/Al2O3 composites under static air.