Due to the widespread clinical use of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),previously unsuspected liver masses are increasingly being found in asymptomati...Due to the widespread clinical use of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),previously unsuspected liver masses are increasingly being found in asymptomatic patients.This review discusses the various characteristics of the most common solid liver lesions and recommends a practical approach for diagnostic workup.Likely diagnoses include hepatocellular carcinoma (the most likely;a solid liver lesion in a cirrhotic liver) and hemangioma (generally presenting as a mass in a non-cirrhotic liver).Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma should be ruled out in young women.In 70% of cases,MRI with gadolinium differentiates between these lesions.Fine needle core biopsy or aspiration,or both,might be required in doubtful cases.If uncertainty persists as to the nature of the lesion,surgical resection is recommended.If the patient is known to have a primary malignancy and the lesion was found at tumor staging or follow up,histology is required only when the nature of the liver lesion is doubtful.展开更多
目的研究大面积脑梗死患者的CT、MRI检查结果及临床诊断作用。方法选取2015年5月至2016年5月期间本院收治的50例大面积脑梗死患者作为研究对象,分别对患者使用MRI和CT检查方式进行诊断,对比2种诊断方式检出率和异常检出情况。结果脑梗...目的研究大面积脑梗死患者的CT、MRI检查结果及临床诊断作用。方法选取2015年5月至2016年5月期间本院收治的50例大面积脑梗死患者作为研究对象,分别对患者使用MRI和CT检查方式进行诊断,对比2种诊断方式检出率和异常检出情况。结果脑梗死患者MRI总检出率比CT高,脑梗死24 h以内MRI和CT检出率分别为87.50%、43.75%,24~72 h MRI和CT检出率分别为90.00%、40.00%。脑梗死72 h以上的时候,MRI的检出率和CT检出率均达100.00%。MRI检查方式在基底节区、脑室旁、额叶异常检出情况优于CT检查方式。结论针对大面积脑梗死患者进行诊断,使用MRI检查方式的检出率较高,并且异常脑区的检出范围比较广。展开更多
Theranostic nanoprobes can potentially integrate imaging and therapeutic capabilities into a single platform,offering a new personalized cancer diagnostic tool.However,there is a growing concern that their clinical ap...Theranostic nanoprobes can potentially integrate imaging and therapeutic capabilities into a single platform,offering a new personalized cancer diagnostic tool.However,there is a growing concern that their clinical application is not safe,particularly due to metal-containing elements,such as the gadolinium used in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).We demonstrate for the first time that the photothermal melting of the DNA duplex helix was a reliable and versatile strategy that enables the on-demand degradation of the gadolinium-containing MRI reporter gene from polydopamine(PDA)-based theranostic nanoprobes.The combination of chemotherapy(doxorubicin)and photothermal therapy,which leads to the enhanced anti-tumor effect.In vivo MRI tracking reveals that renal filtration was able to rapidly clear the free gadolinium-containing MRI reporter from the mice body.This results in a decrease in the long-term toxic effect of theranostic MRI nanoprobes.Our findings may pave the way to address toxicity issues of the theranostic nanoprobes.展开更多
Brain cancer is one of the most lethal and difficult-to-treat cancers because of its physical location and biological barriers. The mainstay of brain cancer treatment is surgical resection, which demands precise imagi...Brain cancer is one of the most lethal and difficult-to-treat cancers because of its physical location and biological barriers. The mainstay of brain cancer treatment is surgical resection, which demands precise imaging for tumor localization and delineation. Thanks to advances in bioimaging, brain cancer can be detected earlier and resected more reliably. Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） is the most common and preferred method to delineate brain cancer, and a contrast agent is often required to enhance imaging contrast.Dendrimers, a special family of synthetic macromolecules,constitute a particularly appealing platform for constructing MRI contrast agents by virtue of their well-defined three-dimensional structure, tunable nanosize and abundant surface terminals, which allow the accommodation of high payloads and numerous functionalities. Tuning the dendrimer size,branching and surface composition in conjunction with conjugation of MRI functionalities and targeting moieties can alter the relaxivity for MRI, overcome the blood-brain barrier and enhance tumor-specific targeting, hence improving the imaging quality and safety profile for precise and accurate imaging of brain tumors. This short review highlights the recent progress, opportunities and challenges in developing dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents for brain tumor imaging.展开更多
文摘Due to the widespread clinical use of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),previously unsuspected liver masses are increasingly being found in asymptomatic patients.This review discusses the various characteristics of the most common solid liver lesions and recommends a practical approach for diagnostic workup.Likely diagnoses include hepatocellular carcinoma (the most likely;a solid liver lesion in a cirrhotic liver) and hemangioma (generally presenting as a mass in a non-cirrhotic liver).Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma should be ruled out in young women.In 70% of cases,MRI with gadolinium differentiates between these lesions.Fine needle core biopsy or aspiration,or both,might be required in doubtful cases.If uncertainty persists as to the nature of the lesion,surgical resection is recommended.If the patient is known to have a primary malignancy and the lesion was found at tumor staging or follow up,histology is required only when the nature of the liver lesion is doubtful.
文摘目的研究大面积脑梗死患者的CT、MRI检查结果及临床诊断作用。方法选取2015年5月至2016年5月期间本院收治的50例大面积脑梗死患者作为研究对象,分别对患者使用MRI和CT检查方式进行诊断,对比2种诊断方式检出率和异常检出情况。结果脑梗死患者MRI总检出率比CT高,脑梗死24 h以内MRI和CT检出率分别为87.50%、43.75%,24~72 h MRI和CT检出率分别为90.00%、40.00%。脑梗死72 h以上的时候,MRI的检出率和CT检出率均达100.00%。MRI检查方式在基底节区、脑室旁、额叶异常检出情况优于CT检查方式。结论针对大面积脑梗死患者进行诊断,使用MRI检查方式的检出率较高,并且异常脑区的检出范围比较广。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21635007 and 21605137)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0203200)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(2018GGX102030)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(ts201511027)K.C.Wong Education Foundation。
文摘Theranostic nanoprobes can potentially integrate imaging and therapeutic capabilities into a single platform,offering a new personalized cancer diagnostic tool.However,there is a growing concern that their clinical application is not safe,particularly due to metal-containing elements,such as the gadolinium used in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).We demonstrate for the first time that the photothermal melting of the DNA duplex helix was a reliable and versatile strategy that enables the on-demand degradation of the gadolinium-containing MRI reporter gene from polydopamine(PDA)-based theranostic nanoprobes.The combination of chemotherapy(doxorubicin)and photothermal therapy,which leads to the enhanced anti-tumor effect.In vivo MRI tracking reveals that renal filtration was able to rapidly clear the free gadolinium-containing MRI reporter from the mice body.This results in a decrease in the long-term toxic effect of theranostic MRI nanoprobes.Our findings may pave the way to address toxicity issues of the theranostic nanoprobes.
基金Financial support from La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (EL2016.LNCC/LPP to Peng L, PhD fellowship to Lyu Z)the French National Research Agency under the frame of EuroNano Med Ⅱ (ANR-15-ENM2-0006-02, ANR-16-ENM2-0004-02) (Peng L)+1 种基金the Campus France ORCHID program (Peng L, Kao CL)China Scholarship Council (Ding L)
文摘Brain cancer is one of the most lethal and difficult-to-treat cancers because of its physical location and biological barriers. The mainstay of brain cancer treatment is surgical resection, which demands precise imaging for tumor localization and delineation. Thanks to advances in bioimaging, brain cancer can be detected earlier and resected more reliably. Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） is the most common and preferred method to delineate brain cancer, and a contrast agent is often required to enhance imaging contrast.Dendrimers, a special family of synthetic macromolecules,constitute a particularly appealing platform for constructing MRI contrast agents by virtue of their well-defined three-dimensional structure, tunable nanosize and abundant surface terminals, which allow the accommodation of high payloads and numerous functionalities. Tuning the dendrimer size,branching and surface composition in conjunction with conjugation of MRI functionalities and targeting moieties can alter the relaxivity for MRI, overcome the blood-brain barrier and enhance tumor-specific targeting, hence improving the imaging quality and safety profile for precise and accurate imaging of brain tumors. This short review highlights the recent progress, opportunities and challenges in developing dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents for brain tumor imaging.
