降解膜覆盖下磁化水滴灌对加工番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响

为探究降解膜覆盖下磁化水滴灌对加工番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响,田间试验设置磁化水滴灌(T)和常规水滴灌(N)2种灌水类型,普通地膜(M1)、黑色氧化生物双降解膜(M2)和白色氧化生物双降解膜(M3)3种地膜类型.结果表明:与普通地膜覆盖相比,黑色降解膜和白色降解膜产量平均降低1.14%和3.56%,WUE降低1.16%和3.52%;3种地膜覆盖的保水性和保温性从优到劣依次为M1,M2,M3.与常规水滴灌相比,磁化水滴灌能显著提高0~40 cm和0~60 cm土层土壤含水率;磁化水处理较常规水处理的LAI和地上干物质量均有显著增加,并对各光合指标有积极的促进作用.磁化水滴灌处理较常规水滴灌处理产量增加了31.61%、WUE增加了36.70%.基于TOPSIS分析对各指标进行综合评价,认为覆盖黑色降解膜和滴灌适宜磁化强度磁化水(3.0×10^(6)A/m)可替代普通地膜覆盖下滴灌加工番茄种植模式.研究可为缓解北疆地区残膜污染、提高滴灌加工番茄产量和水分利用效率提供科学依据.

咸水与交换磁化咸水滴灌对枸杞根区盐分的影响及节水效果——以喀什地区为例

目的:抽地下咸水重复灌溉,使加剧了农田的盐碱化,该文提出节水控制盐碱化的技术。方法:根据土壤对水分的吸水能力、土壤性质、水质、滴水量及滴水时间相同的条件下,采用全用地下咸水滴灌与先用地下咸水湿润土壤后交换磁化水滴灌的方法,该方法对枸杞根区盐分的变化及节水效果进行研究。[结果]对盐分9.55 g/kg盐碱土进行灌水8次之后,全用地下咸水滴灌时根区盐分的降低量为0.78 g/kg,先用地下咸水湿润土壤后交换磁化水滴灌时根区盐分的降低量为1.02 g/kg,交换磁化水滴灌方法可提高淋洗盐分的效率。结论:全用地下咸水滴灌与交换磁化水滴灌相比,交换磁化水滴灌可加速湿润体盐分的各向运移,每年可节约3次的冲洗盐分用水量。湿润体盐分的各向运移不仅与土壤性质、土壤盐分、土壤容重及灌水次数有关,而且与土壤易溶盐、咸水的磁化程度及水源盐分也有密切的关系。Objective: Repetitive irrigation with underground saline water exacerbates the salinization of farmland. This article proposes water-saving control techniques for salinization. Method: Under the same conditions of soil water absorption capacity, soil properties, water quality, drip amount, and drip time, the method of using all underground saline water drip irrigation and first wetting the soil with underground saline water and then exchanging magnetized water drip irrigation was adopted to study the variation of salt content and water-saving effect in the Chinese Wolfberry root zone. Result: After irrigating the saline alkali soil with a salt content of 9.55 g/kg 8 times, the reduction in root zone salt content was 0.78 g/kg when using underground saline water drip irrigation. The reduction in root zone salt content was 1.02 g/kg when using underground saline water to moisten the soil first and then exchanging magnetized water for drip irrigation. The exchange magnetized water drip irrigation method can improve the efficiency of salt leaching. Conclusion: Compared with exchange magnetized water drip irrigation, exchange magnetized water drip irrigation can accelerate the anisotropic transport of salt in moist bodies and save 3 times of flushing salt water usage per year. The anisotropic transport of salt in moist soil is not only related to soil properties, soil salinity, soil bulk density, and irrigation frequency, but also closely related to the solubility of soil salts, the degree of magnetization of saline water, and the salinity of water sources.

降解膜覆盖和磁化水滴灌对加工番茄土壤水分、产量和品质的影响

为探求北疆地区降解膜覆盖和磁化水滴灌技术对加工番茄土壤水分、加工番茄产量和品质的影响。设置黑色降解膜(M1)、白色降解膜(M2)2个覆膜水平,1000 Gs(T1)、2000 Gs(T2)、3000 Gs(T3)、4000 Gs(T4)、5000 Gs(T5)5个磁化水平进行完全组合试验,以塑料地膜覆盖无磁化水滴灌(M3T0)作为对照。结果表明:磁化水滴灌可使0-60cm土层土壤含水率显著提高,在磁化强度为T3时达到最大。磁化水滴灌可促进加工番茄植株生长,M1T3处理产量最高且灌溉水分利用效率最大,较M3T0处理分别极显著增加29.71%和29.70%(P<0.01)。磁化水滴灌提高了加工番茄可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,基于主成分分析对灌溉水分利用效率、产量和品质指标进行综合评价,得出最优处理为黑色降解膜覆盖,磁化水3000 Gs磁化强度滴灌(M1T3)。经济效益分析M1T3处理产投比和净收入最高,分别为1.836,38378元/hm^(2),与对照处理相比每公顷增收13281元。综合主成分分析和经济效益分析,研究认为黑色降解膜覆盖,磁化水3000 Gs磁化强度滴灌(M1T3)为加工番茄较优的膜磁组合模式。文中研究可为减缓新疆农田残膜污染,加工番茄增产提质和提高经济效益提供理论基础。