Small multi-turn coil devices are used with the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in areas with limited space, particularly in underground environments such as coal mines roadways and engineering tunnels, and f...Small multi-turn coil devices are used with the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in areas with limited space, particularly in underground environments such as coal mines roadways and engineering tunnels, and for detecting shallow geological targets in environmental and engineering fields. However, the equipment involved has strong mutual inductance coupling, which causes a lengthy turn-off time and a deep “blind zone”. This study proposes a new transmitter device with a conical-shape source and derives the radius formula of each coil and the mutual inductance coefficient of the cone. According to primary field characteristics, results of the two fields created, calculation of the conical-shaped source in a uniform medium using theoretical analysis, and a comparison of the inductance of the new device with that of the multi-turn coil, show that inductance of the multi-turn coil is nine times greater than that of the conical source with the same equivalent magnetic moment of 926.1 A·m2. This indicates that the new source leads to a much shallower “blind zone.” Furthermore, increasing the bottom radius and turn of the cone creates a larger mutual inductance but increasing the cone height results in a lower mutual inductance. Using the superposition principle, the primary and secondary magnetic fields for a conical source in a homogeneous medium are calculated; results indicate that the magnetic behavior of the cone is the same as that of the multi-turn coils, but the transient responses of the secondary field and the total field are more stronger than those of the multi-turn coils. To study the transient response characteristics using a cone-shaped source in a layered earth, a numerical filtering algorithm is then developed using the fast Hankel transform and the improved cosine transform, again using the superposition principle. During development, an average apparent resistivity inverted from the induced electromotive force using each coil is defined to represent the comprehensive resistivity of the conical source. To verify the forward calculation method, the transient responses of H type models and KH type models are calculated, and data are inverted using a “smoke ring” inversion. The results of inversion have good agreement with original models and show that the forward calculation method is effective. The results of this study provide an option for solving the problem of a deep “blind zone” and also provide a theoretical indicator for further research.展开更多
Mode matching method is used to analyze the scattering characteristics of thecircular-to-circular groove waveguide junction. Matching the electric fields and magnetic fields atthe boundary of the junction, and multipl...Mode matching method is used to analyze the scattering characteristics of thecircular-to-circular groove waveguide junction. Matching the electric fields and magnetic fields atthe boundary of the junction, and multiplying the mode functions of the circular waveguide andcircular groove waveguide on both sides of the boundary equation, the scattering matrix equation isobtained, the scattering coefficients can be obtained from the equation. Then the scatteringcharacteristics of the iris with circular window in circular groove waveguide are analyzed. At lastthe convergent problem is discussed; when choosing a suitable mode group, convergent numericalresults are obtained, and the frequency response of the iris' scattering coefficients is also given.展开更多
For the calculation of non-linear magnetic fields, a simple program can be as effective as a large commercialized software package. If relaxation methods are used, they must include successive over-relaxation and unde...For the calculation of non-linear magnetic fields, a simple program can be as effective as a large commercialized software package. If relaxation methods are used, they must include successive over-relaxation and under-relaxation and much attention must be paid to the relaxation factor and the interpolation. In this paper some skills are proposed on the setting of an interpolation switch and the choosing of saturation point so as to assure satisfied convergence properties. The numerical results by using these methods conform well to the tests.展开更多
We study behavior of an atomic wave packet in a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, and particularly calculate the atomic inversion of the wave packet. A general method of calculation is presented. The results ...We study behavior of an atomic wave packet in a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, and particularly calculate the atomic inversion of the wave packet. A general method of calculation is presented. The results are interesting. For example, if the wave packet is very narrow or/and the interaction is very strong, no matter the atom is initially in its ground state or excited state, the atomic inversion approaches zero as time approaches infinity. If the atom is initially in its ground state and excited state with the probability 1/2 respectively, and if the momentum density is an even function, then the atomic inversion equals zero at any time.展开更多
There must be electromagnetic fields created during high-energy heavy-ion collisions.Although the electromagnetic field may become weak with the evolution of the quark-gluon plasma(QGP),compared to the energy scales o...There must be electromagnetic fields created during high-energy heavy-ion collisions.Although the electromagnetic field may become weak with the evolution of the quark-gluon plasma(QGP),compared to the energy scales of the strong interaction,they are potentially important to some electromagnetic probes.In this work,we propose the coupled effect of the weak magnetic field and the longitudinal dynamics of the background medium for the first time.We demonstrate that the induced photon spectrum can be highly azimuthally anisotropic when the quarkgluon plasma is in the presence of a weak external magnetic field.On the other hand,the weak magnetic photon emission from quark-gluon plasma only leads to a small correction to the photon production rate.After hydrodynamic evolution with a tilted fireball configuration,the experimentally measured direct photon elliptic flow is well reproduced.Meanwhile,the used time-averaged magnetic field in the hydrodynamic stage is found no larger than a few percent of the pion mass square.展开更多
Composite biomaterials with controllable mi- crostructures play an increasingly important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we report a magnetic hydrogel composite with disk-like microstructu...Composite biomaterials with controllable mi- crostructures play an increasingly important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we report a magnetic hydrogel composite with disk-like microstructure fabricated by assembly of iron oxide nanopartides during the gelation process in the presence of rotating magnetic field. It should be mentioned that the iron oxide nanoparticles here were synthesized identically following techniques of Fer- umoxytol that is the only inorganic nanodrug approved by FDA for clinical applications. The microstructure of nano- particles inside the hydrogel was ordered three-dimensionally due to the twist of the aligned chains of magnetic nano- particles which leads to the lowest state of systematic energy. The size of microstructure can be tuned from several micro- meters to tens of micrometers by changing the assembly parameters. With the increase of microstructure size, the magnetothermal anisotropy was also augmented. This result confirmed that the assembly-induced anisotropy can occur even for the several micron aggregates of nanopartides. The rotating magnetic field-assisted technique is cost-effective, simple and flexible for the fabrication of composite hydrogel with ordered microstructure. We believe it will be favorable for the quick, green and intelligent fabrication of some com- posite materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41564001 and 41572185)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20151BAB203045)
文摘Small multi-turn coil devices are used with the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in areas with limited space, particularly in underground environments such as coal mines roadways and engineering tunnels, and for detecting shallow geological targets in environmental and engineering fields. However, the equipment involved has strong mutual inductance coupling, which causes a lengthy turn-off time and a deep “blind zone”. This study proposes a new transmitter device with a conical-shape source and derives the radius formula of each coil and the mutual inductance coefficient of the cone. According to primary field characteristics, results of the two fields created, calculation of the conical-shaped source in a uniform medium using theoretical analysis, and a comparison of the inductance of the new device with that of the multi-turn coil, show that inductance of the multi-turn coil is nine times greater than that of the conical source with the same equivalent magnetic moment of 926.1 A·m2. This indicates that the new source leads to a much shallower “blind zone.” Furthermore, increasing the bottom radius and turn of the cone creates a larger mutual inductance but increasing the cone height results in a lower mutual inductance. Using the superposition principle, the primary and secondary magnetic fields for a conical source in a homogeneous medium are calculated; results indicate that the magnetic behavior of the cone is the same as that of the multi-turn coils, but the transient responses of the secondary field and the total field are more stronger than those of the multi-turn coils. To study the transient response characteristics using a cone-shaped source in a layered earth, a numerical filtering algorithm is then developed using the fast Hankel transform and the improved cosine transform, again using the superposition principle. During development, an average apparent resistivity inverted from the induced electromotive force using each coil is defined to represent the comprehensive resistivity of the conical source. To verify the forward calculation method, the transient responses of H type models and KH type models are calculated, and data are inverted using a “smoke ring” inversion. The results of inversion have good agreement with original models and show that the forward calculation method is effective. The results of this study provide an option for solving the problem of a deep “blind zone” and also provide a theoretical indicator for further research.
文摘Mode matching method is used to analyze the scattering characteristics of thecircular-to-circular groove waveguide junction. Matching the electric fields and magnetic fields atthe boundary of the junction, and multiplying the mode functions of the circular waveguide andcircular groove waveguide on both sides of the boundary equation, the scattering matrix equation isobtained, the scattering coefficients can be obtained from the equation. Then the scatteringcharacteristics of the iris with circular window in circular groove waveguide are analyzed. At lastthe convergent problem is discussed; when choosing a suitable mode group, convergent numericalresults are obtained, and the frequency response of the iris' scattering coefficients is also given.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.69881002)
文摘For the calculation of non-linear magnetic fields, a simple program can be as effective as a large commercialized software package. If relaxation methods are used, they must include successive over-relaxation and under-relaxation and much attention must be paid to the relaxation factor and the interpolation. In this paper some skills are proposed on the setting of an interpolation switch and the choosing of saturation point so as to assure satisfied convergence properties. The numerical results by using these methods conform well to the tests.
文摘We study behavior of an atomic wave packet in a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, and particularly calculate the atomic inversion of the wave packet. A general method of calculation is presented. The results are interesting. For example, if the wave packet is very narrow or/and the interaction is very strong, no matter the atom is initially in its ground state or excited state, the atomic inversion approaches zero as time approaches infinity. If the atom is initially in its ground state and excited state with the probability 1/2 respectively, and if the momentum density is an even function, then the atomic inversion equals zero at any time.
文摘There must be electromagnetic fields created during high-energy heavy-ion collisions.Although the electromagnetic field may become weak with the evolution of the quark-gluon plasma(QGP),compared to the energy scales of the strong interaction,they are potentially important to some electromagnetic probes.In this work,we propose the coupled effect of the weak magnetic field and the longitudinal dynamics of the background medium for the first time.We demonstrate that the induced photon spectrum can be highly azimuthally anisotropic when the quarkgluon plasma is in the presence of a weak external magnetic field.On the other hand,the weak magnetic photon emission from quark-gluon plasma only leads to a small correction to the photon production rate.After hydrodynamic evolution with a tilted fireball configuration,the experimentally measured direct photon elliptic flow is well reproduced.Meanwhile,the used time-averaged magnetic field in the hydrodynamic stage is found no larger than a few percent of the pion mass square.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe supports from Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
文摘Composite biomaterials with controllable mi- crostructures play an increasingly important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we report a magnetic hydrogel composite with disk-like microstructure fabricated by assembly of iron oxide nanopartides during the gelation process in the presence of rotating magnetic field. It should be mentioned that the iron oxide nanoparticles here were synthesized identically following techniques of Fer- umoxytol that is the only inorganic nanodrug approved by FDA for clinical applications. The microstructure of nano- particles inside the hydrogel was ordered three-dimensionally due to the twist of the aligned chains of magnetic nano- particles which leads to the lowest state of systematic energy. The size of microstructure can be tuned from several micro- meters to tens of micrometers by changing the assembly parameters. With the increase of microstructure size, the magnetothermal anisotropy was also augmented. This result confirmed that the assembly-induced anisotropy can occur even for the several micron aggregates of nanopartides. The rotating magnetic field-assisted technique is cost-effective, simple and flexible for the fabrication of composite hydrogel with ordered microstructure. We believe it will be favorable for the quick, green and intelligent fabrication of some com- posite materials.